Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-06-16T18:36:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 moral_seducao.pdf: 3069828 bytes, checksum: 3a24b5298bb3d59269740d1baa4bd844 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T18:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moral_seducao.pdf: 3069828 bytes, checksum: 3a24b5298bb3d59269740d1baa4bd844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação busca compreender como a mulher foi julgada pelos operadores do Direito e pela sociedade caxiense, entre 1900 e 1950, quando transgrediu as normas definidas pelos Códigos Penais de 1890 e 1940, bem como pelo Código Civil de 1916. Para compreender como as transgressões foram julgadas, são analisados os discursos de todos os personagens envolvidos nos processos-crime de defloramento, sedução e estupro, porém com mais ênfase no discurso dos operadores do Direito. Para que esse discurso seja melhor compreendido, objetiva-se identificar o processo de modernização e higienização imposto pelo Poder Público em Caxias do Sul, no período estudado. O modelo de ordem e progresso instalado a partir de 1889 exigiu que a sociedade fosse higienizada e normalizada, principalmente no que tange às relações sexuais, amorosas e afetivas, que estavam diretamente relacionadas à moral e à honra familiar. O discurso dos operadores do Direito, presente nos processos-crime, possibilita identificar o perfil de homens e mulheres que transgrediram as normas, principalmente aquelas relacionadas à sexualidade. Nessa etapa, por meio de pistas e indícios, intenta-se elaborar inferências sobre a abrangência do comportamento transgressor da mulher, uma vez que ela era responsável pela honra, pela moral e pela honestidade da família. / The aim of this dissertation is trying to understand how women were judged by legal practitioners and the society of the city of Caxias do Sul, between 1900 and 1950, when they crossed the boundaries of the norms defined by the Penal Codes of 1890 and 1940, as well as by the Civil Code of 1916. In order to understand how these transgressions were judged, the discourses of all the characters involved have been analyzed, in the law suits involving deflowering, seduction and rape, with a greater emphasis on the discourse of the legal practitioners. So that this discourse might be better comprehended, it tries to identify the process of modernization and hygiene imposed by the Public Power in Caxias do Sul, during the period studied. The model of order and progress initiated in 1889 demanded that society was hygienic and normalized, especially in sexual intercourse and romantic relationships, directly linked to the family’s moral and honor. The discourse of the legal practitioners present in the lawsuits, allows it to identify the profile of men and women that infringed the norms, especially those related to sexuality. At this point, given the clues and indicia, it searches to infer about the range of the transgressive behavior of these women, given that they were responsible by the honor, the moral and honesty of the family.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Para que possa alcançar sua ratio essendi, isto é, promover a convivência pacífica, o Estado utiliza-se do Direito para realizar o controle social e, em última análise, acolher os cidadãos que vivem sob a sua regência. Neste sentido, o Direito Penal adquire especial importância, tendo em vista deter a incumbência de enunciar comportamentos especialmente ofensivos para a vida em sociedade, prevendo e fixando, para cada conduta criminosa, a aplicação de penas ou medidas de segurança. É certo, de igual forma, que este ramo é também a ultima ratio, ou seja, a última instância de proteção, razão pela qual só pode ser acionado a partir do fracasso ou ineficiência de todos os demais meios de resguardo judicial, eis que o poder punitivo investe, via de regra, contra o bem mais precioso do ser humano, quer seja, sua liberdade. Levando estes pressupostos em conta, assoma uma relevante inquietação: a honra, aspecto inerente à personalidade do homem, dadas as suas características dogmáticas, ainda merece a proteção do Direito Penal? Será que não existem outros meios aptos a trazer suficiente amparo legal? É a partir destas questões que se desenvolve a presente dissertação. Para tanto, buscar-se-á, em um primeiro momento, entender a maneira como os valores e interesses mais caros ao homem adentram na seara penal (teoria do bem jurídico). Após, empreender-se-á efetiva imersão no tema de pesquisa, buscando entender as bases que historicamente assentaram e determinaram a tutela jurídica da honra (bipartição metodológica), além de promover diagnóstico da guarida fornecida pelo Direito Civil e pelo Direito Penal, de modo a compreender se a honra civil difere da honra penal. Por fim, será feito uma análise crítica da honra enquanto bem jurídico penal, com o fito conclusivo de trazer apontamentos quanto aos horizontes futuros da tutela deste valor individual. / In order to achieve its essendi ratio, that is, to promote peaceful coexistence, the State uses the rule of law to perform social control and, ultimately, safeguard the citizens living under its rulership. In this sense, criminal law is particularly important seeing that it has the task of enunciating especially offensive behavior for life in society, besides providing and setting to apply, for each criminal conduct, penalties or security measures. It is true, too, that this branch is also the ultima ratio, the ultimate protection, which is why it can only be triggered as from the failure or inefficiency of all other judicial guard means, whereas the punitive power invests, as a rule, against the most precious of human rights, namely, their freedom. Taking these assumptions into account, looms a relevant concern: the honor, essential part of mens personality, given their dogmatic features, still deserves the punitive protection of criminal law? Are there no other means able to bring sufficient legal care? It is from these questions that this dissertation is developed. Therefore, it will be sought, at first, to understand how the most important values and dearest interests of man enter into criminal harvest (protected legal interest theory). Next, it will be undertaken an effective immersion in the research theme, seeking to understand the foundations that historically settled and determined legal protection of honor (methodological splitting), besides promoting an effective diagnosis of the shelter provided Civil Law and Criminal Law in order to understand if civil honor differs from penal honor. Finally, a critical analysis will be carried out, about honor as a protected legal interest in Criminal Law, with the final aim of bringing notes about future horizons regarding the guardianship of this individual value.

This study aims to investigate how social services in a county in central Sweden work preventively against honor-related violence and oppression. The study aims to investigate the obstacles, challenges and preventive opportunities that social workers face in the work. Based on a qualitative data collection method in which six social secretaries were interviewed, the study has shown that the majority of respondents have a critical view towards that the problem of honor is cultured and investigated solely from cultural features. The study also showed that the respondents felt that there was a lack of competence in the social service regarding honor matters and emphasized that there is a great need for excellence in education on the subject and also that there was a great need for aimed education in fields that focus on honour related violence and oppression. It was found that respondents disagreed on whether the social service´s work is preventing honor-related violence and oppression. Some of the socialworkers considered that the social service`s work is preventing and some disagreed. The respondents also emphasized the importance of increased cooperation between the social services and the school in preventing the work against the violence.

<p>This dissertation discusses how reputation, virginity and honour are made topical in the stories of the lives of Arab and Kurdish women and connected with understandings of culture and religion. The dissertation is composed of five articles, which contain the principal analysis, and five chapters that discuss the project as a whole; the development of the main topics, and choices concerning methodological, ethical and theoretical approaches. </p><p>The empirical material of the dissertation consists of interviews with ten Arab and Kurdish women in Sweden, and seven legal cases of honor related violence. The interview material is analysed as a whole – focusing on the importance of reputation in women’s creation of identity, and how this may be related to cultural conceptions of divided femininity (virgin-whore) and honour (article 4). I also conduct an in-depth analysis of one interview, where meaning is created through a story, in which liberty is contrasted with constraint (article 3). In the analysis of the legal cases, I discuss the arguments of verdicts concerning honour related violence, and criticise the courts’ understanding of crimes as demarcated acts (articles 1 & 5). I also analyse the (violent) stories of the actual lives of women found in the legal cases in their contexts (articles 2 & 5).</p><p>Throughout the dissertation, I aim at a constructivist attempt that sees culture and gender as creative frames of interpretation. This attempt is connected with a hermeneutic perspective, which sees a statement or an act as comprehensible only when interpreted in its context (e.g. in a cultural context of honour). It is also connected with a feminist understanding of men’s violence against women, which relates the meaning of an act of violence to culturally accepted forms of control and cultural conceptions of gender.</p><p>In the analysis of the empirical material, I show how culture is created as contrast in the lives of women. ’Arab/Kurdish’ and ’Swedish’ appear as exclusive categories, and are connected with cultural conceptions of divided femininity and honour. Within these categories, a woman is either a virgin or a whore, and a woman that has been branded as a whore will be stained forever. Men’s honour will not be restored until she is extinguished. When these cultural conceptions are used in the life of a woman who lives with these highly normative demands, they may be crucial and signify experiences of violence. A woman with bad reputation may be defined as a ”Swedish whore” be her male relatives, contrasted with being an ”Arab/Kurdish virgin”. The honour of these men will not be restored until she is excluded from the family or dies: to be a virgin or a whore may be a life-and-death matter.</p>

During the Korean War the White House and the Army publicized the Medal of Honor to achieve three outcomes. First, they hoped it would have a positive influence on public opinion. Truman committed to limited goals at the start of the war and chose not to create an official propaganda agency, which led to partisan criticism and realistic reporting. Medal of Honor publicity celebrated individual actions removed from their wider context in a familiar, heroic mold to alter memory of the past. Second, the Army publicized the Medal of Honor internally to inspire and reinforce desired soldier behavior. Early reports indicated a serious lack of discipline on the front lines and the Army hoped to build psychological resilience in the men by exposing them to the heroic actions of other soldiers. Finally, the Cold War spawned a great fear of communist subterfuge in the United States, which was exacerbated by the brainwashing of prisoners of war. The White House and the Army reached out to marginalized elements of American society through the Medal of Honor to counter communist propaganda. The Korean War remains an understudied era of American history, yet it was incredibly important to the United States and the world. The war influenced the United States to maintain a large standing military prepositioned around the world to protect its interests. Achieving the status quo antebellum validated the containment strategy against communism, which heavily influenced the decision to intervene in Vietnam. The United Nations, ostensibly in charge of allied forces in the Korean War, gained credibility from preventing the loss of South Korea. Despite these important effects of the war on world history, scholars continue to focus on World War II and Vietnam. This study seeks to build on the relative dearth of scholarly material on the Korean War by examining in historical context the manipulation of a symbol that intersected both the military and the home-front to influence behavior.

This dissertation discusses how reputation, virginity and honour are made topical in the stories of the lives of Arab and Kurdish women and connected with understandings of culture and religion. The dissertation is composed of five articles, which contain the principal analysis, and five chapters that discuss the project as a whole; the development of the main topics, and choices concerning methodological, ethical and theoretical approaches. The empirical material of the dissertation consists of interviews with ten Arab and Kurdish women in Sweden, and seven legal cases of honor related violence. The interview material is analysed as a whole – focusing on the importance of reputation in women’s creation of identity, and how this may be related to cultural conceptions of divided femininity (virgin-whore) and honour (article 4). I also conduct an in-depth analysis of one interview, where meaning is created through a story, in which liberty is contrasted with constraint (article 3). In the analysis of the legal cases, I discuss the arguments of verdicts concerning honour related violence, and criticise the courts’ understanding of crimes as demarcated acts (articles 1 &amp; 5). I also analyse the (violent) stories of the actual lives of women found in the legal cases in their contexts (articles 2 &amp; 5). Throughout the dissertation, I aim at a constructivist attempt that sees culture and gender as creative frames of interpretation. This attempt is connected with a hermeneutic perspective, which sees a statement or an act as comprehensible only when interpreted in its context (e.g. in a cultural context of honour). It is also connected with a feminist understanding of men’s violence against women, which relates the meaning of an act of violence to culturally accepted forms of control and cultural conceptions of gender. In the analysis of the empirical material, I show how culture is created as contrast in the lives of women. ’Arab/Kurdish’ and ’Swedish’ appear as exclusive categories, and are connected with cultural conceptions of divided femininity and honour. Within these categories, a woman is either a virgin or a whore, and a woman that has been branded as a whore will be stained forever. Men’s honour will not be restored until she is extinguished. When these cultural conceptions are used in the life of a woman who lives with these highly normative demands, they may be crucial and signify experiences of violence. A woman with bad reputation may be defined as a ”Swedish whore” be her male relatives, contrasted with being an ”Arab/Kurdish virgin”. The honour of these men will not be restored until she is excluded from the family or dies: to be a virgin or a whore may be a life-and-death matter.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship of ambivalent sexism toward women and men and system justification with understanding of honor and attitudes toward violence against women for protecting honor. 351 undergraduate students from METU, Ankara and Gazi University participated in the study (180 females and 166 males). Participants&amp / #8217 / ages ranged from 17 to 30 (M=21.56). Data was collected by a questionnaire consisting of Understanding of Honor Scale / Attitudes toward Violence against Women for Protecting Honor Scale / Ambivalent Sexism Inventory which has two subscales of Hostile Sexism (HS) and Benevolent Sexism (BS) / and Ambivalence toward Men Inventory which has two subscales of Hostility toward Men and Benevolence toward Men (BM) / and Economic System Justification Scale and demographic information. Seperate linear regression analyses for males and females were performed in order to compare their responses. Results showed that among males, higher levels of HS and BM / and lower levels of HM / and among females, higher levels of BM and system justification predicted higher tendency to relate honor with women&amp / #8217 / s virginity and holding men responsible for protecting it. Regarding attitudes toward violence against women for protecting honor, males&amp / #8217 / scores were positively associated with BM, whereas females&amp / #8217 / scores were positively associated with BM and ESJ scores. The thesis aims to contribute to the literature by (1) investigating the concept of honor which has not been delt with in psychology literature / (2) introducing two newly developed scales: Understanding of Honor Scale and Attitudes toward Violence against Women for Protecting Honor Scale / and (3) making use of ambivalence toward men and women, and system justification theory while investigating the topic.

In the early twentieth century Sears, Roebuck and Company entered into the pre-cut housing market and offered complete houses to the public through their catalogues. This thesis discusses the history of Sears, Roebuck and Company's Modern Homes Division and preservation problems of this form of early twentieth century housing.Methedology included identification of Sears, Roebuck and Company's Modern Homes in St. Joseph County, Indiana through public response to a newspaper article and through the study of St. Joseph County mortgage records. Identified houses were matched to available catalogue illustrations from the Sears, Roebuck and Company Archives. The location and age of Sears houses in St. Joseph County is discussed.Using Sears houses in St. Joseph County as models, a study of the common preservation problems and solutions for early twentieth century houses has been made. The results of the preservation study and history of Sears houses in St. Joseph County will be available for use by the St. Joseph County Historic Preservation Commission to help homeowners understand the history of their Sears houses and how to preserve them. / Department of Architecture

L’étude des rapports entre père et fille dans la post modernité dans une société patriarcale comme celle de la Syrie représente l’aspect fondamental de cette thèse,et a comme objectif de connaître de quelle manière ses rapports s’établissent, quelles sont leurs caractéristiques et leurs conséquences sur l’adolescent en générale, et plus spécifiquement sur les adolescentes. Quels sont les effets des transformations du monde actuel sur la construction subjective et sur l’expression de la souffrance inhérente à la condition humaine dans le nouvel ordre symbolique qu’imposent aux relations interhumaines le libéralisme galopant de l’économie mondialisée et la technologisation des échanges entre parlêtres (Lesourd, 2007a, p. 11-12). Ce qui me pousse à aller plus loin dans mon investigation sur l’influence de la modernité sur le rapport père-fille est ce que j’ai observé pour ma part : le nombre de tentatives de suicide est remarquablement élevé ces dernières années dans le monde arabe, dans la population féminine comme un mode de réponse aux difficultés vécues par les jeunes filles et les femmes. Ces tentatives de suicide sont d'après moi une conséquence de la disparition des pères et de l’autorité qui est selon Serge LESOURD abusivement opposée aux parents, tenus responsables de la violence de leurs enfants. Selon lui « les pères n’ont pas démissionné, en revanche, le système de référence qui leur donnait du poids a été modifié en Occident » (Lesourd, 2003, p.36). Je pense que c'est également le cas en Orient. Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties, composées, d'une part, de réflexions théoriques et, d'autre part, d’exemples cliniques de la construction de l'identité sexuelle chez les adolescentes syriennes. Cette étude de clinique projective a été effectuée dans le cadre de la recherche CoPsyEnfant menée par l’URP/SCLS de Strasbourg. / This thesis seeks to study the relationship between fathers and daughters in a postmodern patriarchal society. Choosing the Syrian society as its main case study, the paper aims to crystallize a better understanding of how such relationships are established as well as exploring their characteristics, consequences, and effects on adolescence in general, and on teenagers in particular. It also focuses on the transformation effects from the current world, depending on subjective construction, expressions of suffering inherent to human conditions in the new symbolic order that imposes liberalism on interpersonal relations, galloping globalized economy ; and the technologization of exchange among the speaking-beings/parlêtres (Lesourd, 2007a, p. 11-12).The aforementioned factors this paper analyzes encourage further investigation into the influence of modernity on father-daughter bonds. Such investigation is particularly important in light of the remarkable and increasing number of suicide attempts among young girls and women in the Arab region, likely in response to difficulties they face.These suicide attempts, we argue, are a result of fathers’ absence, and the authority which could be abusively opposed to parents as per Serge LESOURD, holding them responsible for violence by their children. Lesourd argues that “fathers did not quit, on the contrary, the reference system which had given them weight, has been modified in the occident” (Lesourd, 2003, p.36). We believe that the case in the Arab world is similar to the one described by Lesourd.The paper is divided into two parts : the first contains theoretical reflections while the second contains clinical examples about the construction of Syrian female teenagers’ sexual identity. This clinical projective study was carried out as part of CoPsyEnfant research, conducted by l’URP/SCLS in Strasbourg.

The presented diploma project places emphasis on introducing the Order of the Knight Cross in context of the Czech history of the half of the twentieth century. This order took its place in the Czech history not as a symbol of liberating wars, which it was in time of its birth, but as an implement of totalitarian regime. Apart from the description of the development of the order itself, this project aims at presenting the holders of the Knight Cross as the highest level of the Iron Cross which was given to soldiers of German defence power of Czechoslovak origin during the second world war. This project also includes short personal stories of these veteran soldiers of " Czechoslovak " origin enhanced with a lot of personal information. The integral part of this dissertation is also the explanation of importance of symbol of the Iron Cross and its position in the society of the time of the Third Reich. There is also shown its coherent story on which it is possible to illustrate its own transformation under the terms of historical development. The dissertation is divided into several parts. The introductory part covers a brief history of the Order of the Iron Cross from its birth to the end of the second world war. The next chapter deals with the birth and the importance of the Knight Cross and its...