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1	Construção de uma estrutura metodológica para Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental (ADA) de indústrias sucroenergéticas: um estudo multicasos / Construction of a methodological structure for Environmental Performance Assessment (EPA) of suugarcane industries: a multicases study Thomaz, André Gustavo de Brito [UNESP] 06 September 2017 (has links) Submitted by André Gustavo de Brito Thomaz null (andre.gustavo21@terra.com.br) on 2017-09-26T19:56:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ANDRÉ_GUSTAVO_DE_BRITO_TOMAZ.pdf: 3364862 bytes, checksum: a4a2f4fc8b45e8bd1160e118cd54bcb7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-28T13:23:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thomaz_agb_me_jabo.pdf: 3364862 bytes, checksum: a4a2f4fc8b45e8bd1160e118cd54bcb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T13:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thomaz_agb_me_jabo.pdf: 3364862 bytes, checksum: a4a2f4fc8b45e8bd1160e118cd54bcb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-06 / O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar um estudo multicasos sobre avaliação de desempenho ambiental baseada no potencial de toxicidade humana em três empresas (denominadas por empresa A, B e C) da indústria sucroenergética brasileira. Foi desenvolvido um índice, exclusivo para indústrias do setor sucroenergético, chamado indicador do potencial de toxicidade humana Ipth, onde os cálculos para obtenção do índice são formados por meio da ponderação do potencial de impacto de cada resíduo e subproduto gerado na fabricação de etanol e açúcar, pela cobertura geográfica relativa que podem alcançar e pela avaliação da destinação final realizada pela indústria. Identificou-se que na literatura especializada há poucos trabalhos relacionados à avalição do desempenho ambiental com base no potencial de toxicidade humana de indústrias do setor sucroenergético, bem como metodologias para avaliação do desempenho ambiental destas indústrias com o uso de indicadores de desempenho ambiental. O método desenvolvido pode ser aplicado para medir o impacto ambiental gerado por qualquer indústria do setor sucroenergético. Como resultados, os resíduos/subprodutos que apresentam maior potencial de toxicidade humana são: vinhaça (35,57%), torta de filtro (29,15%), cinzas da queima do bagaço (27,38%), gases provenientes da queima do bagaço (4,73%), representando 96,83% do total. A vinhaça é o subproduto com maior participação relativa na formação do índice Ipth, sendo para a empresa A de 89,73%, para a empresa B de 89,55% e para a empresa C de 89,24%. Apesar da grande quantidade de resíduos e subprodutos gerados, o resultado alcançado é favorável às empresas estudadas. O índice Ipth resultou em 93,97% para a empresa A, em 93,62% para a empresa B e em 93,37% para a empresa C, demonstrando que as empresas A, B e C apresentam, respectivamente, 93,97%, 93,62% e 93,37% de práticas ambientalmente adequadas à destinação dos seus resíduos e subprodutos. / The objective of this research is to present a multi-case study on the evaluation of environmental performance based on human toxicity potential in three companies (denominated by company A, B and C) of the Brazilian sugarcane industry. Was developed an index, exclusively for industries of the sugarcane industry, called the human toxicity potential indicator Ipth, where the calculations for obtaining the index are formed by weighing the impact potential of each residue and by-product generated in the manufacture of ethanol and sugar, by the relative geographic coverage they can achieve And by the evaluation of the final disposal by the industry. It was identified that in the specialized literature there are few studies related to the environmental performance assessment based on the human toxicity potential of sugarcane industry industries, as well as methodologies to evaluate the environmental performance of these industries with the use of environmental performance indicators. The method developed can be applied to measure the environmental impact generated by any industry in the sugarcane sector. As results, the residues / by-products with the highest human toxicity potential are: vinasse (35.57%), filter cake (29.15%), bagasse burning ashes (27.38%), gases from burning Of the bagasse (4.73%), representing 96.83% of the total. Vinasse is the by-product with the highest relative participation in the formation of the Ipth index, with company A of 89.73%, company B of 89.55% and company C of 89.24%. Despite the large amount of waste and by-products generated, the result achieved is favorable to the companies studied. The Ipth index resulted in 93.97% for company A, 93.62% for company B and 93.37% for company C, showing that companies A, B and C have, respectively, 93.97% %, 93.62% and 93.37% of practices that are environmentally appropriate to the destination of their residues and by-products. EDIP Potencial de toxicidade humana Sucroenergia Gestão ambiental Improved process hierarchical analysis Potential human toxicity Sugarcane Environmental management
2	Development of Sensitive In Vitro Assays to Assess the Ocular Toxicity Potential of Chemicals and Ophthalmic Products McCanna, David January 2009 (has links) The utilization of in vitro tests with a tiered testing strategy for detection of mild ocular irritants can reduce the use of animals for testing, provide mechanistic data on toxic effects, and reduce the uncertainty associated with dose selection for clinical trials. The first section of this thesis describes how in vitro methods can be used to improve the prediction of the toxicity of chemicals and ophthalmic products. The proper utilization of in vitro methods can accurately predict toxic threshold levels and reduce animal use in product development. Sections two, three and four describe the development of new sensitive in vitro methods for predicting ocular toxicity. Maintaining the barrier function of the cornea is critical for the prevention of the penetration of infections microorganisms and irritating chemicals into the eye. Chapter 2 describes the development of a method for assessing the effects of chemicals on tight junctions using a human corneal epithelial and canine kidney epithelial cell line. In Chapter 3 a method that uses a primary organ culture for assessing single instillation and multiple instillation toxic effects is described. The ScanTox system was shown to be an ideal system to monitor the toxic effects over time as multiple readings can be taken of treated bovine lenses using the nondestructive method of assessing for the lens optical quality. Confirmations of toxic effects were made with the utilization of the viability dye alamarBlue. Chapter 4 describes the development of sensitive in vitro assays for detecting ocular toxicity by measuring the effects of chemicals on the mitochondrial integrity of bovine cornea, bovine lens epithelium and corneal epithelial cells, using fluorescent dyes. The goal of this research was to develop an in vitro test battery that can be used to accurately predict the ocular toxicity of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. By comparing the toxicity seen in vivo animals and humans with the toxicity response in these new in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that these in vitro methods can be utilized in a tiered testing strategy in the development of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. in vitro Alternative Methods alamarBlue rhodamine tight junctions bovine lens viability toxicity mitochondria mitochondria integrity benzalkonium chloride sodium dodecyl sulphate sodium lauryl sulfate scanning electron microscopy Draize Draize maximal average scores zonula occludens cosmetic directive PETA humane society animal league ICCVAM ECVAM JaCVAM BCOP bovine cornea ocular irritants ocular irritation ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cells vitro confocal confocal microscopy metabolic activity optical quality reactive oxygen species contact lens contact lens care solutions barrier function microbial keratitis mulitipurpose solutions tight junction cell damage claudin ZO-1 occludin MDCK Madin Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cornea human cornea human corneal epithelium epithelial cell line human corneal epithelial cell line sodium fluorescein sodium fluorescein permeability fluorescein permeability ocular surface cell monolayer Araki-Sasaki cell physiology risk assessment safety assessment ScanTox scanning laser lens epithelium corneal cells in vitro model ophthalmic formulations multiple instillation back vertex animal testing rabbit testing alternatives to animal testing cultured bovine lens toxicity of chemicals irritation irritants laser scanner organ culture delayed toxicity toxins hydrogen peroxide cornea toxicity cornea toxicity models prediction of human toxicity no observable adverse effect level lowest observable adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL toxicity thresholds safety factors cornea uncertainty factors preservatives disinfectants ophthalmic products preclinical preclinical testing epithelial barrier drug penetration clinical confocal microscopy animal rights rabbit cornea human cornea human clinical effects toxic animal rights activist sensitive measures toxic effect toxicity threshold agar overlay agar diffusion agar overlay method agar diffusion method cytochrome cytochrome c apoptosis necrotic apoptotic necrosis caspase rhodamine 123 resazuran resorufin cell death cell viability metabolic dye microsomal microsomal enzymes cytotoxicity cytotoxic cytotoxic effect MTT XTT WST-1 plasma membrane mitochondrial mitochondrial morphology ocular toxicity potential ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cell line confocal analysis corneal epithelium cell fluorescence alamarBlue assay rhodamine dye animal welfare toxic injury degraded mitochondria epithelial monolayer disinfectants membrane integrity eye toxicity eye viability dye toxicity in humans human toxicity effects on the mitochondria mitochondrial toxicity in vitro battery in vitro test battery ophthalmic eye drop direct contact product safety cytotoxicity potential molecular molecular biology refine reduce replace sensitivity and relevance sensitivity relevance rabbit ocular irritation test product development cytotoxicity models cytotoxicity alternative methods replacements for animal testing three r's beagle tiered testing tiered testing strategy replacements animal testing mechanistic toxicity cornea mitochondria dose response threshold Vision Science and Biology
3	Development of Sensitive In Vitro Assays to Assess the Ocular Toxicity Potential of Chemicals and Ophthalmic Products McCanna, David January 2009 (has links) The utilization of in vitro tests with a tiered testing strategy for detection of mild ocular irritants can reduce the use of animals for testing, provide mechanistic data on toxic effects, and reduce the uncertainty associated with dose selection for clinical trials. The first section of this thesis describes how in vitro methods can be used to improve the prediction of the toxicity of chemicals and ophthalmic products. The proper utilization of in vitro methods can accurately predict toxic threshold levels and reduce animal use in product development. Sections two, three and four describe the development of new sensitive in vitro methods for predicting ocular toxicity. Maintaining the barrier function of the cornea is critical for the prevention of the penetration of infections microorganisms and irritating chemicals into the eye. Chapter 2 describes the development of a method for assessing the effects of chemicals on tight junctions using a human corneal epithelial and canine kidney epithelial cell line. In Chapter 3 a method that uses a primary organ culture for assessing single instillation and multiple instillation toxic effects is described. The ScanTox system was shown to be an ideal system to monitor the toxic effects over time as multiple readings can be taken of treated bovine lenses using the nondestructive method of assessing for the lens optical quality. Confirmations of toxic effects were made with the utilization of the viability dye alamarBlue. Chapter 4 describes the development of sensitive in vitro assays for detecting ocular toxicity by measuring the effects of chemicals on the mitochondrial integrity of bovine cornea, bovine lens epithelium and corneal epithelial cells, using fluorescent dyes. The goal of this research was to develop an in vitro test battery that can be used to accurately predict the ocular toxicity of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. By comparing the toxicity seen in vivo animals and humans with the toxicity response in these new in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that these in vitro methods can be utilized in a tiered testing strategy in the development of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. in vitro Alternative Methods alamarBlue rhodamine tight junctions bovine lens viability toxicity mitochondria mitochondria integrity benzalkonium chloride sodium dodecyl sulphate sodium lauryl sulfate scanning electron microscopy Draize Draize maximal average scores zonula occludens cosmetic directive PETA humane society animal league ICCVAM ECVAM JaCVAM BCOP bovine cornea ocular irritants ocular irritation ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cells vitro confocal confocal microscopy metabolic activity optical quality reactive oxygen species contact lens contact lens care solutions barrier function microbial keratitis mulitipurpose solutions tight junction cell damage claudin ZO-1 occludin MDCK Madin Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cornea human cornea human corneal epithelium epithelial cell line human corneal epithelial cell line sodium fluorescein sodium fluorescein permeability fluorescein permeability ocular surface cell monolayer Araki-Sasaki cell physiology risk assessment safety assessment ScanTox scanning laser lens epithelium corneal cells in vitro model ophthalmic formulations multiple instillation back vertex animal testing rabbit testing alternatives to animal testing cultured bovine lens toxicity of chemicals irritation irritants laser scanner organ culture delayed toxicity toxins hydrogen peroxide cornea toxicity cornea toxicity models prediction of human toxicity no observable adverse effect level lowest observable adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL toxicity thresholds safety factors cornea uncertainty factors preservatives disinfectants ophthalmic products preclinical preclinical testing epithelial barrier drug penetration clinical confocal microscopy animal rights rabbit cornea human cornea human clinical effects toxic animal rights activist sensitive measures toxic effect toxicity threshold agar overlay agar diffusion agar overlay method agar diffusion method cytochrome cytochrome c apoptosis necrotic apoptotic necrosis caspase rhodamine 123 resazuran resorufin cell death cell viability metabolic dye microsomal microsomal enzymes cytotoxicity cytotoxic cytotoxic effect MTT XTT WST-1 plasma membrane mitochondrial mitochondrial morphology ocular toxicity potential ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cell line confocal analysis corneal epithelium cell fluorescence alamarBlue assay rhodamine dye animal welfare toxic injury degraded mitochondria epithelial monolayer disinfectants membrane integrity eye toxicity eye viability dye toxicity in humans human toxicity effects on the mitochondria mitochondrial toxicity in vitro battery in vitro test battery ophthalmic eye drop direct contact product safety cytotoxicity potential molecular molecular biology refine reduce replace sensitivity and relevance sensitivity relevance rabbit ocular irritation test product development cytotoxicity models cytotoxicity alternative methods replacements for animal testing three r's beagle tiered testing tiered testing strategy replacements animal testing mechanistic toxicity cornea mitochondria dose response threshold Vision Science and Biology

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