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Self and world from analytic philosophy to phenomenologyChristensen, Carleton B. January 2008 (has links)
Zugl.: Canberra, Univ., Diss.
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De la description à la prescription : recherches pour une phénoménologie de la normativité à partir de l'oeuvre de Husserl / From description to prescription : elements for a phenomenology of normativity based on Husserl’s philosophyDesmeules, Marie-Helene 22 June 2017 (has links)
Si certains héritiers de la phénoménologie ont cherché à libérer l'apparaître des normes qui lui étaient imposées, il en allait autrement chez Husserl. Les normes étaient d'abord appliquées aux visées de sens elles-mêmes, lesquelles étaient dites « correctes» ou « incorrectes». Autre façon de dire que la phénoménologie ne pouvait faire l'économie des normes : point de description sans prescription, et sans prescription à la description. Dire que le projet phénoménologique est essentiellement descriptif, c’est cependant admettre que les normes s'y tiennent en retrait. Le premier défi d'une phénoménologie des normes est donc de les mettre au jour. De plus, en son versant critique, la phénoménologie des normes doit justifier notre droit de les poser et de les appliquer normativement. À ce titre, elle sera une phénoménologie du caractère normatif des normes . Suivant les traces de Husserl, nous considèrerons d'abord les enjeux normatifs liés à la logique, puis les autres normes reconnues par lui. Ces normes étant assimilées à l'obtention d'une évidence ou d'un certain type d'évidence, elles avaient toutes un usage théorique. Nous ferons cependant l'hypothèse que certaines normes peuvent avoir un usage pratique. Cette hypothèse se heurtera à un obstacle de taille chez Husserl, qui proposait de justifier les devoirs pratiques grâce aux valeurs et non par les normes. Déconstruisant chacun des présupposés normatifs ayant conduit Husserl à recourir aux valeurs en éthique, nous paverons la voie à une éthique phénoménologique, normative et suspensive. / If some of phenomenology's heirs sought to free that which appears from the norms imposed upon it, it was not Husserl's main concern. He applied norms foremost to sense itself, which was then said to be «correct» or «incorrect». This was another way of saying that phenomenology could not avoid norms: no description without prescription, and without prescription to description. To say that the phenomenological project is essentially descriptive is to admit that norms keep out of the limelight in phenomenology. The first challenge of a phenomenology of norms is therefore to shine a spot upon them. Moreover, in its critical orientation, a phenomenology of norms must justify our right to posit and apply them normatively. As such, it is a phenomenology of the normative character of norms. Following Husserl's reflection, I will first consider the normative stakes linked to logic and then the other norms he recognized. As norms were assimilated to evidence or to some type of evidence, they all had a theoretical use. I will assume, however, that some norms may have a practical function. This hypothesis will encounter a major obstacle, as Husserl proposed to justify practical ougths by means of values instead of norms. By deconstructing each of the normative presuppositions that led Husserl to rely on values in ethics, I will pave the way for a phenomenological, normative and suspensive ethic.
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ANALOGIA ENTRE LÓGICA E ÉTICA: A PROPOSTA HUSSERLIANA DE UMA ÉTICA FORMAL / ANALOGY BETWEEN LOGIC AND ETHICS: THE HUSSERLIAN PROPOSE OF FORMAL ETHICSPereira, Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues 30 October 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work is intended for examining the Husserlian propose of formal
ethics in the light of the idea of the analogy between logic and ethics, limited to the
pre-war lectures, focusing especially on the three Vorlesungen über Ethik und
Wertlehre, courses taught by Husserl from 1908 to 1914, and occasionally on
Logical Investigations and Ideas I. From the thesis of the parallelism among
philosophical disciplines, the first chapter presents the most general elements that
constitute the idea of analogy between logic and ethics, which play the role of
analogue guiding principle in order to find parallel structures in the affectivity
sphere. Afterwards, by means of the reconstruction of issues related to the
intention of feelings and will contained in Vorlesungen, it is shown to what extent it
is possible to maintain values as objects, which compound the thematic field of
theoretical and formal ethics. Finally, the last chapter considers the subjects which
constitute formal ethics. Originally it is about the exposition of formal axiology,
which addresses the emotion sphere upon the exhibition of formal laws governing
the valuations and, besides it, of a formal practice regarding the laws of will and
wanting in the strict sense, culminating in the problem of the categorical
imperative. Thus, the idea of analogy and logic is instructive and considerably
limited at the same time. / O objetivo do trabalho é examinar a proposta husserliana de ética formal à luz da
ideia de analogia entre lógica e ética, circunscrita às preleções do período préguerra,
concentrando-se, sobretudo, nos três Cursos sobre ética e teoria do valor,
proferidos por Husserl entre 1908 e 1914, e, ocasionalmente, nas Investigações
Lógicas e também em Ideias I. Partindo da tese do paralelismo entre as
disciplinas filosóficas, o primeiro capítulo apresenta os elementos mais gerais que
perfazem a ideia de analogia entre lógica e ética, a qual desempenha o papel de
fio condutor analógico para a descoberta de estruturas paralelas na esfera da
afetividade. Posteriormente, através de uma reconstrução da problemática
relacionada à intencionalidade do sentimento e da vontade nos Cursos, mostra-se
em que medida é possível falar em termos de valores como objetos, os quais
compõem o domínio temático de uma ética teórica e formal. Finalmente, o último
capítulo examina as disciplinas que constituem a ética formal. Trata-se,
primeiramente, da exposição de uma axiologia formal, que tematiza a esfera do
sentimento mediante a exibição das leis formais que regem as valorações, e,
além desta, de uma prática formal, concernente às leis do domínio da vontade e
do querer em sentido estrito, que culmina no problema do imperativo categórico.
A ideia de analogia com a lógica, ao mesmo tempo em que se revela instrutiva,
mostra-se consideravelmente limitada.
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Intuição categorial e questão do ser: aproximações entre Edmund Husserl e o jovem Martin Heidegger / Categorial intuition and question of being: approximations between Edmund Husserl and the young Martin HeideggerGustavo Santos Giacomini 05 October 2017 (has links)
No presente trabalho propomos aproximar criticamente as filosofias de Edmund Husserl e Martin Heidegger, no que concerne às concepções de intencionalidade, intuição categorial e a questão do ser. Com isso, o objetivo é apontar que a questão do ser articulada em Ser e Tempo é consequência de um processo investigativo do jovem Heidegger no qual a fenomenologia husserliana desempenha papel fundamental. Para isso, versamos mostrar conceitualmente como algumas das noções propostas por Husserl em particular a de intuição categorial são empregadas nas problematizações do jovem Heidegger. Desse modo, almejamos mostrar que a questão do ser formulada por Heidegger deve muito à noção de intencionalidade de origem husserliana. / In the present study we propose to approximate critically the philosophies of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, regarding the conception of intentionality, categorial intuition and the question of being. Therewith, the aim is to point that the question of being articulated in Being and Time is a consequence of an investigative process of the young Heidegger, in which the husserlian\'s phenomenology performs a main role. Thereunto, we plan to show conceptually how some of the notions proposed by Husserl in particular the categorial intuition are employed in the thesis of the young Heidegger. Thereby, we intend to show that the question of being formulated by Heidegger owes much to the husserlian\'s notion of intentionality.
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A constituição do espaço na fenomenologia de Husserl / The constitution of space in Husserl s phenomenologyBARCO, Aron Pilotto 17 September 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-17 / The aim of this dissertation is to study the constutive theory of space as developed in Edmund s Husserl work Ding und Raum, which include his most complete description of spatial experience. The theory is drawn from the analysis of material thinghood con-stitution, accounted as the most basic level of objectivity. In it, Husserl presents the the-sis that spatiality is co-given in the perception of bodies, specifically for its ability to move, whose multiplicity of possible positions coalesce into a field of possibilities ex-perienced as three-dimensional space. The present study aims to explore this theory as a stage in the context of transcendental phenomenology development that maintains con-nections with the earliest Husserl s incursions in problems concerning geometry and mathematical theory of multiplicities, and also explore some consequences and internal problems of the theory. / O objetivo da dissertação é o estudo da teoria constitutiva do espaço como desenvolvida por Edmund Husserl na obra Ding und Raum, onde consta sua mais completa descrição sobre a experiência espacial. A teoria é extraída da análise da constituição da coisa ma-terial, tida como a objetividade de nível mais básico. Nela, Husserl apresenta a tese de que a espacialidade é co-doada na percepção dos corpos, especificadamente por sua ca-pacidade de movimento, cuja multiplicidade de posições possíveis coalescem em um campo de possibilidades vivenciado como o espaço tridimensional. O presente estudo visa explorar essa teoria como uma etapa no contexto de desenvolvimento da fenomeno-logia transcendental que mantém conexões com as primeiras incursões de Husserl em problemas da geometria e da teoria matemática das multiplicidades, e também explorar algumas consequências e problemas internos da teoria.
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Consciência e ego no pensamento do jovem Sartre / Conscience et ego dans la pensée du jeune SartreRêgo, Augusto Seixas Brandão 29 August 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Le présent travail a pour intention d'analyser les concept de conscience et d'ego tels que développés par le philosophe Jean-Paul Sartre dans ses oeuvres de jeunesse, plus spécifiquement dans l'opuscule la transcendance de l'ego. Une brève présentation historique de l'atmosphère intellectuelle de l'époque de Sartre montre l'importance de la réception de l'oeuvre de Husserl en France mais aussi les obstacles que celle-ci implique relativement à la question du contact immédiat avec le concret. Ce contact, rendu possible par l'idée d'intetionalité développée par Husserl, sera graduellement surmonté au nom d'un transcendantalisme auquel il se référe en tant que phénoménologue. Afin de revenir au concret, Sartre abandonnera l'idéalisme transcendantal au profit d'une relation avec le monde non intellectualiste, qui permettra la réflexion à partir d'une conscience pré-réflexive. Ce type de conscience pourra être perçue dans divers concepts de Sartre développés à la même époque, comme, entre autres, la magie, la mauvaise foi, la temporalité. Notre hypothése d'interprétation avance l'idée selon laquelle la dynamique entre la conscience et l'égo oriente l'argumentation de Sartre dans cette période où l'ego, passant du réfléchi à l'irréflechi, perd son "intimité" et où la conscience reprend sa loi absolue selon notre auteur: l'immédiat. / Na presente dissertação pretendemos analisar o conceito de consciência e de ego no pensamento desenvolvido pelo filósofo Jean-Paul Sartre em seus trabalhos de juventude, nomeadamente no opúsculo A Transcendência do ego. Uma breve exposição histórica do ambiente intelectual francês à época de Sartre esclarece a importância do advento da obra de Husserl na França, bem como os obstáculos que ela impõe no que concerne a um contato imediato com o concreto. Tal contato, possibilitado pela ideia de intencionalidade desenvolvida por Husserl, gradativamente será obliterado em nome de um transcendentalismo ao qual como fenomenólogo ele se adéqua. Para retomar o concreto, Sartre lançará mão do idealismo transcendental, vai elaborar uma filosofia da relação não intelectualista com o mundo para fundamentar a reflexão a partir de uma consciência pré-reflexiva. Esse tipo de consciência se fará perceber em diversos conceitos de Sartre também desenvolvidos neste período, como a mágica, a má-fé, a temporalidade, dentre outros. A dinâmica entre a consciência e o ego orienta a argumentação de Sartre, eis nossa hipótese interpretativa, neste período em que o ego, resvalando do plano refletido para o irrefletido, perde sua “intimidade” e a consciência retoma o que para nosso autor configura sua lei absoluta: o imediato.
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O CORPO NA OBRA IDEIAS II DE HUSSERL: ESQUECIMENTO, SENSAÇÕES, PONTO-ZERO. / THE BODY IN HUSSERL S WORK IDEIAS II: OBLIVION, SENSATIONS, ZERO-POINT.Sousa, Leandro Righi de 26 August 2016 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study aims to present the general way in which Husserl understand the meaning of body as body-live from the bias of the sensations as well as the general sense of the body as zero-point (Nullpunkt), positioning this study from paragraphs §36-37 and §41 of the work Ideas II. In the first chapter we present the historical and philosophical reasons for the theme investigation, the etymological and philosophical origins of the term Leib and general aspects of the "body" in Ideas II work. In a second time, we drove a study on the constitution of the body as the body alive from the bias of sensations. In the third chapter of this work, we study the meaning of zero-point (Nullpunkt) body and the way the body from its zero (Null) position is originally the show look of things (Ding). / O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral apresentar o modo como Husserl compreende o sentido de corpo como corpo-vivo a partir do viés das sensações, bem como, o sentido de corpo como ponto-zero (Nullpunkt), posicionando esse trabalho nos parágrafos §36-37 e §41 da obra Ideias II. No primeiro capítulo apresentaremos as razões histórico-filosóficas que justificam a investigação da referida temática, as origens etimológicas e filosóficas do termo Leib e os aspectos gerais do corpo na obra Ideias II. Em um segundo momento, dirigiremos um estudo sobre a constituição do corpo como corpo-vivo a partir do viés das sensações. No terceiro capítulo deste trabalho, estuda-se o sentido de corpo como ponto-zero (Nullpunkt) e o modo como o corpo a partir de sua posição zero (Null) constitui originariamente o aparecer visual das coisas (Ding).
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Intersubjektivita a postmoderní společnost: K fenomenologii druhého / Intersubjectivity and postmodern society: On the phenomenology of the OtherTlapa, Tomáš January 2020 (has links)
The main topic of the doctoral dissertation Intersubjectivity and postmodern society: On the phenomenology of the Other is the problem of intersubjectivity. The work discusses the question of the other with the particular part of phenomenological thinking which does ask how we experience the other. Our starting point stems from the context of postmodern society, which we discusse in the first chapter ("The paradox of atomicity"). The aim of the second chapter ("Tacitness") is to enable us to phrase the question of the other properly. The third chapter ("Searching for the other in dialogue with Edmund Husserl") at first introduces selected fundamental concepts of the Husserl's phenomenology related to our topic (e.g. epoché) and then discusses the understanding of the other in Husserl's works Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy - Second Book and Cartesian Meditations. The fourth chapter ("Breaches of harmony") is focused on such types of experience that problematize and disturb the altogether harmonic world of Husserlian intersubjectivity. We deal with the phenomenology of the blindness (Jana Moravcová) and the phenomenology of emotions (Jean-Paul Sartre). The fifth chapter ("Strange, weired eyes") uses the them of exile in the poetry of Josef Straka to...
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Vie humaine et historicité. Un parcours dans la phénoménologie de Jan Patočka / Human life and historicity. Un itinerary through Patočka's phenomenologyScarabelli, Matteo 20 November 2015 (has links)
Aux sorts de l’Europe et de son humanité philosophique était liée, aux yeux Husserl, la possibilité de la perte ou de la conquête du sens pour l’humanité universelle. Mais pour Patočka, si l’Europe est bien une idée, elle est aussi une réalité historique et un héritage conséquent. Ainsi, l’universalisation de l’Europe sous la forme d’un savoir dépourvu d’historicité telle que la rationalité scientifique, est un héritage qui représente aussi la fin de l’Europe comme réalité historique et aussi la perte du principe qui l’a engendrée. Le sentiment de contradiction dû à la perte de sens de la rationalité européenne constitue, pour Patočka, le signe d’une expérience du monde qui ne connaît plus l’unité entre la vie et la compréhension du monde qui la soutient. La crise du sens de l’humanité européenne, aujourd’hui planétaire, est donc une crise du monde de la vie. Ainsi, c’est à partir d’une élucidation phénoménologique de la vie humaine au monde que Patočka accomplie une réforme profonde de la phénoménologie transcendantale, qui met au profit et répète sur une base nouvelle l’analytique existentiale heideggérienne de l’être-au-monde dans sa forme la plus avancée. D’abord, il s’agit de ressaisir le monde comme principe ultime de la phénoménalité, et ensuite de réinterpréter l’être du Dasein comme une existence qui n’est pas d’emblée historique, mais qui est à même de le devenir dans un mouvement de réalisation incarné et intersubjectif dont il faut élucider les conditions pré-historiques. La crise de l’Europe et de l’humanité contemporaine n’est pas un destin, mais la possibilité d’un nouveau chemin vers la conquête de l’historicité de la vie humaine, voire vers son redressement contre sa forme de vie “anhistorique”. / According to Husserl, the Joss or the discovery of meaning for the whole humanity, was linked to the destiny of Europe and to its philosophical humanity. On the contrary Patočka states that even if Europe is an idea, this idea is provided with an historical reality and a consistent inheritance. For this reason, the universalization of Europe as knowledge without historicity-as it happens for the scientific rationality-is a consequence representing both the end of Europe as historical reality and the Joss of its founding idea. The loss of meaning of European rationality engenders a feeling of contradiction: for Patočka it is the evidence of an experience of the world stranger to the unity existing between life and the understanding of world it belongs to. Thus, the crisis concerning the meaning of European humanity and, nowadays the entire planet, is a crisis in the world of life. Clarifying from a phenomenological point of view the human life in the world, Patočka reforms deeply the transcendental phenomenology. By doing so he exploits and repeats with a new base the Heidegger's existential analytics concerning the being-in-the-world in its most developed form. First, it is necessary to take possession of the world as the supreme principle of phenomenalism, then a reinterpretation of the being of Dasein must occur: as an existence which is not automatically historical, but can become so in a movement of intersubjective incarnation. The crisis of Europe and contemporary humanity is not a destiny, on the contrary, this is the possibility of a new way to discover the historicity of human life, in order to affirm it against its anti-historical form.
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En accès et en marge de la subjectivité, de l'intersubjectivité transcendantales et du problème constitutifFortin, Pierrette 27 January 2022 (has links)
Ce travail s'interroge sur les fondements de la phénoménologie husserlienne en exposant la genèse de la subjectivité transcendantale pour ensuite développer plus longuement la théorie phénoménologique de l'intersubjectivité. A l'intérieur de la sphère intersubjective, l'alter ego apparaît à l'ego par le mode de l'intropathie permettant le passage au monde de l'expérience étrangère. La primordialité d'autrui pour la découverte et la compréhension de l'ego lui-même, centre de nos préoccupations, devient donc thématique. Est mis à jour l'interdépendance des vies dans un monde environnant commun englobant une communauté des monades, qui fonde l'édification de la sphère sociale et culturelle grâce à des relations réciproques de communication. - La problématique constitutive de l'horizon intersubjectif permet de connaître le labeur préparatoire correspondant du fondateur du criticisme phénoménologique.
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