Notre travail de recherche concerne l’étude de la commande à base de modèles pour une sous-classe de systèmes dynamiques hybrides (SDH). L’outil de modélisation choisi est l’automate hybride rectangulaire (AHR) pour sa puissance d’analyse. Nous proposons ainsi une méthode pour la synthèse de la commande des SDH modélisés par des AHR. Cette méthode repose sur l’application d’une procédure amont/aval de commande hors-ligne qui détermine d’une façon maximale permissive les nouvelles gardes de transition de l’automate respectant des spécifications de commande imposées par l’utilisateur. Tous les calculs réalisés reposent sur la détermination de la durée de séjour, valeur contrainte par l’espace atteignable du sommet correspondant. La garde portant à la fois sur l’état continu et sur l’événement discret, la commande se fait par ce dernier car il s’agit du seul élément contrôlable. Nous nous intéressons alors à la construction du contrôleur temporisé autorisant l’occurrence des événements contrôlables du système dans un intervalle d’horloge défini au sens de la maximale permissivité. / In this thesis, we study the control of a class of hybrid dynamic systems (HDS). The chosen modeling tool is the rectangular hybrid automaton (RHA) for his analysis power. We propose a method for the control synthesis of HDS modeled with RHA. This method consists on the application of a downstream/upstream offline control procedure that determines in a maximal permissive way the new automaton transition guards respecting the desired control specifications. All computations are based on the determination of the duration of stay, a value constrained by the reachable space of the corresponding location. Since the guard refers to both continuous state and discrete event, the control is made by the latter because it is the controllable element. Then we are interested in the construction of the timed controller authorizing the system controllable event occurrence in a clock interval defined in a maximal permissive way.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / The research in this thesis deals with the application of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practices in the modelling of power systems. More particularly, we have presented the modelling hybrid photovoltaic wind integrated in an electrical distribution network using SysML (System Modelling Language) which is a modelling language in support of MBSE. MBSE refers to a formalised practice of systems development through the application of modelling principles, methods, languages and tools to the entire lifecycle of a system. Generally speaking, the modelling of power systems is performed using software such as Matlab Simulink, DigSilent, PowerWorld etc. These software programs allow modelling of a system considering only a specific viewpoint, depending on the objective that is to be assessed. The advantage of the SysML over the above mentioned modelling languages lies from the fact that SysML includes different viewpoints of a system. These views are known as the Four Pillars of SysML. Pillar One refers to the requirements of a system and includes all the functional and non-functional requirements. Pillar Two deals with the structure representation of a system by considering all its subsystems and their different connections. Pillar Three considers the behaviour of a system and includes its activities, sequences and different states. The last Pillar includes the detailed characteristics, physical laws and constraints on the system. The main objectives of this research are the development of models which will include: the system’s requirements; the system’s structure representation in term of different entities involved and the relationship between them; the system’s behaviours in terms of activities in different cases considered and transitions from one state to another as well as the interaction between the system and all the stakeholders. Keywords: Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), System Modelling Language (SysML), Renewable Energy systems, Hybrid power systems, photovoltaic systems, wind power systems.

Com este trabalho desejamos apresentar o campo pós-estruturalista e a visão pósmoderna de ciência não asséptica, entendendo que este posicionamento nos possibilita um olhar mais amplo para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem das cientificidades. Como localizar a ciência na rede complexa de construção do conhecimento e qual a relação e aproximação que se pode fazer destes conhecimentos com os estudos da arte? É possível olhar a ciência através dos óculos das Artes Híbridas? É possível construir o conhecimento posto curricularmente de outra maneira? É possível pensar este currículo como um campo de disputas onde os caminhos da ciência foram “purificados” em busca de uma assepsia idealizada? Destacamos os instrumentos utilizados para a composição de uma oficina híbrida que versa sobre a potência das Artes Híbridas no ensino de Química e a relevância de um professor que entende o seu papel como o de intelectual específico. Versamos ainda sobre a produção de todo material artístico utilizado (fotografia, vídeo, literatura, jornalismo, história, política, filosofia, etc.), e a importância das escolhas dos métodos, dos conteúdos, dos conceitos, das abordagens e da materialidade para este educador específico em suas práticas discursivas. Pensar, ainda, na possibilidade e potência de uma produção híbrida dos participantes da oficina, nos entendimentos de Bruno Latour. Analisar estes escritos narrativos que versem sobre a Química da guerra e suas aproximações possíveis com as artes híbridas, entendendo esta produção como monumentos construídos em um campo discursivo a partir de posições e de possibilidades para além das tradicionais, reconstruindo o nó gordio no emaranhado dos saberes. / This work intends to present the post-structuralism camp and the post-modern view of cience, taking this perspective as a broader understanding of science teaching and learning process. How to locate science in the complex web of knowledge construction and what is its relation to the sudy of Arts? Is it possible to look science through the glasses of Hybrid Arts? Is it possible to construct the school curriculum knowledge in a different way? Is it possible to see the school curriculum as a field of disputes where the paths for science are “purified” for an idealised asepsis? I highlight the used instruments for the composition of an hybrid workshop which discusses the power of Hybrid Arts in the teaching of Chemistry and the importance of a teacher that can see himself/herself as a specific intellectual. I discuss the importance of choosing specific methods, contents, concepts, approaches and materials for the specific educator durig his/her discursive practices. It is also important to think about an hybrid prodution, in Bruno Latour’s view, at the end of the workshop, by the participants. And, finally, to analyse these writings, which have journalistic features and discuss the Chemistry of war and its possible relations to Hybrid Arts. I see this productions as monuments which were built in a discursive field, from non-traditional positions and perspectives, reconstructing the Gordian knot in the knowledge interweaving.

Les vésicules hybrides polymère/lipides sont des structures récemment développées dans la littérature. Idéalement, celles-ci peuvent présenter la biocompatibilité et la biofonctionnalité des liposomes, ainsi que la robustesse, la faible perméabilité et la versatilité de fonctionnalisation chimique conférées par les chaînes de copolymères. Cependant, à ce jour, les facteurs régissant la séparation des phases dans ces membranes hybrides ne sont pas bien compris. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié en détail la formation et la séparation de phases dans les membranes de vésicules géantes (GHUVs) et de taille nanométriques(100nm) (LHUVs) constituées de phospholipides en phase fluide ou gel et de copolymères à base de poly (diméthylsiloxane) et de poly (éthylène glycol). Différentes architectures(greffée, tribloc) et masses molaires ont été utilisées. La séparation de phase a été étudiée sur les vésicules géantes à l’échelle micrométrique et nanométrique respectivement par microscopie confocale et imagerie de fluorescence résolue en temps (FLIM), tandis que pour les LHUVs, différentes techniques comme la diffusion de neutrons, la Cryo-microscopie et la spectroscopie de fluorescence résolue dans le temps ont été combinées. Nous avons pu montrer que la fraction lipide/polymère, l'état physique du lipide et la tension de la ligne aux interfaces lipide/polymère modulable par la masse molaire et l'architecture du copolymère sont les facteurs importants régissant la formation et la structuration des vésicules hybrides. Enfin, nous avons montré que les propriétés élastiques de la membrane peuvent être modulées via la composition polymère lipide. / Hybrid copolymer/lipid vesicle are recently developed self-assembled structures that could present biocompatibility and biofunctionality of liposomes, as well as robustness, low permeability and functionality variability conferred by the copolymer chains. However, to date, physical and molecular parameters governing copolymer/lipid phase separation in these hybrid membranes are not well understood. In this work, we studied in detail the formation and phase separation in the membranes of both Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles(GHUVs) and Large Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles (LHUVs) obtained from the mixture of phospholipids in the fluid (liquid disordered) or gel state (solid ordered) with various copolymers based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO) with different architectures (grafted, triblock) and molar masses. For GHUVs, phase separation at the micron scale and nanoscale was evaluated through confocal microscopy, and Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy technique (FLIM) respectively, where as acombination of Small angle neutron scattering (SANS), Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) and Time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) techniques was used for LHUVs. We demonstrate that the lipid/polymer fraction, lipid physical state, and the line tension at lipid polymer/lipid boundaries which can be finely modulated by the molar mass and architecture of the copolymer are important factors that govern the formation and structuration of hybrid vesicles. We also evidence that elasticity ofthe hybrid membrane can be modulated via the lipid polymer composition, through the use of micropipettes techniques.

The diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the current development of electromobility and the description of different types of drives. The first part deals with the basic theory of electric vehicles on batteries, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. The second part provides analysis and data on the offered electric cars. At the end of the work is an evaluation of the situation.

Försvarsmakten har specificerat personalen som sin kanske viktigaste resurs. Tidigare flygvapenchefen poängterade det mycket bra med att i sin värdegrundspolicy uttrycka att vi ”inte har råd att bara rekrytera ur halva befolkningen”. Det han då hade i åtanke var faktumet att vår arbetsgivare brister i att attrahera och behålla medarbetare som är kvinnor. I den kontexten kan man identifiera att Försvarsmakten behöver nyttja sin befintliga personal på bästa sätt. Vi vill undersöka hur flygvapnet kan nära personalens ambitioner att utvecklas till att bli det bästa de kan bli. Vi har med ett öppet sinne sökt svaren till vilka faktorer som påverkar och möjliggör en framgångsrik väg genom den yrkesverksamma delen av livet. De individer i vårt samhälle som vi valt att fokusera på har valt Försvarsmakten som arbetsplats och officer som yrke. Studien har en induktiv ansats, där empirin hämtas från både kvalitativa intervjuer och workshops. Genom hela arbetet har vi inspirerats av grounded theory som metod. Vi som forskare har en förförståelse för ämnet och har på ett naturligt sätt haft en god kontakt med de individer som deltagit i studien. Referensramen har hämtats från olika delar av forskningsfältet. Främst från organisationsteorier och organisationspsykologi. För att se helheten har vi använt Bolman & Deals organisationsteori, Brown & Brooks som utvecklar olika karriärteorier och Mintzberg som kompletterar med strukturmodeller. Från Försvarsmakten har vi tagit befintliga styrdokument och använt, av Försvarsmakten, anlitade företags teoretiska grund för karriärutveckling. För att konstruera vår sammanfattande modell har vi utgått från två etablerade modeller, en av Super (The Life-Career Rainbow: Six Life Roles in Schematic Life Space) och Schein (A Temporal Development Model). Utifrån empirin framträdde tre tydliga teman i vad som officeren fann som viktigast i förutsättningar till att vilja bygga sin karriär. Coaching, där tydlig feedback från chef och kollegor är en viktig ingrediens tillsammans med möjligheter och målinriktning. Livspusslet bygger på att kombinera arbetet med det övriga livet. Familj och fritid ska även fungera på ett balanserat sätt i förhållande till arbetsbelastning. Avtal och Försvarsmaktens geografiska spridning är andra områden som hämmar individen. Strategisk personalplan ses som en av framgångsfaktorerna för att locka och ge individen bra förutsättning för chefskarriären. För att underlätta för både organisation och individ krävs en symbios emellan dessa två. I karriären vi ser som önskvärd finns en långsiktighet och en metodiskt iterativ utveckling av både organisation och individ. Vidare har vi sett att en central personalplanerare får ett perspektiv som gynnar båda intressenterna i detta sammanhang.  Det har varit en spännande resa som har gett oss många intryck att ta med i framtiden. Vi har lärt oss om det faktiska ämnet men minst lika mycket om rollen som forskare och metoder för att tillgodogöra oss information och att förhålla oss till densamma. Vi har funnit en del väntade svar men också en hel del oväntade faktorer som i stort och smått påverkar de respondenter vi mött under vår resa. Vi har fått bekräftat vår uppfattning om ledningsgruppers sammansättning, lärt oss om vikten av mentorering på olika nivåer och hur mycket en organisationsstruktur med tydlighet värderas. Att den sociala delen av livet är viktig har vi egna erfarenheter av men att komma till insikt om samspelet som gör helheten var vi inte riktigt beredda på. Vi har valt att i en modell likna den här helheten vid en hybridkonstruktion där varje del är, likt en hybridbil, en motor samtidigt som en generator. För den med endast ett visst intresse för teknik så kan liknelsen ge en insikt om att varje del tillåts belasta en till del men också att batteriet ibland behöver laddas. Den moderna syn som växt fram hur samspelet fungerar idag har sin grund hos Frone och den integrativa modellen. Han menar att familj kan fungera som buffert mot stress genom att ge stöd och möjlighet till avkoppling lika väl som att familjen kan generera stress som påverkar arbetet Vi har under arbetet skiftat från en tydlig uppfattning om att grundutbildningen ger oss en, i viss mån, förutbestämd förutsättning för vidare karriär. Delvis har den uppfattningen bekräftats men inte på det sättet som vi förutspådde. Vi förväntade oss att finna strukturella tydligheter som med historik och ”gammal hävd” gjorde att en pilot i Flygvapnet på något sätt har en enklare och tydligare väg uppåt i hierarkin. Det stämmer, men det finns saker bakom kulisserna som vi inte var medvetna om. Det handlar om att välja medarbetare som liknar en själv och vi har sett det med all önskvärd tydlighet på fler olika platser och nivåer inte bara med just den kategorin. Det finns mer bakom, det finns processer som en chef bör medvetandegöras. Det finns påverkansfaktorer som inte går att bortse från då de i så fall omöjliggör för en stor del av vår personal att bidra på det sätt de har kapacitet till. Vi anser att vår organisation inte har lyxen att INTE ta till vara på de resurser vi har. / The Armed Forces have specified personnel as their perhaps most important resource. As the former Air Force Supreme Commander very well pointed in expressing “we can´t afford to recruit from half of the population". What he had in mind was the fact that the Swedish Armed Forces are not very good at attracting and retaining female employees. However, in this context it is possible to identify that the defense force needs to utilize its entire existing staff in the best possible way. We want to investigate how the Air Force can enthuse the personnel's ambitions and develop them to become all they can be. We have with an open mind sought the answers to what affects and enables a successful path through the professional part of life. The individuals in our society that we have chosen to focus on have chosen the Swedish Armed Forces as a workplace and Officer as a profession. The case study has an inductive approach, where the empiricism is derived from both qualitative interviews and workshops. Throughout the work we have been inspired by grounded theory as a method. We as researchers have had a certain understanding of the subject and naturally have had good contact with the individuals who participated in the study. The frame of reference has been taken from various parts of the research field. Mainly from organizational theories and organizational psychology. To see the whole, we have used Bolman & Deal organizational theory, Brown & Brooks who develop different career theories and Mintzberg who supplement with structural models. From the Armed Forces, we have taken existing governance documents and used, by the Armed Forces, the companies' theoretical basis for career development. To construct our model, we have based on two established models, one of Super (The Life-Career Rainbow: Six Life Roles in Schematic Life Space) and Schein (A Temporal Development Model). Based on the empiricism, three clear themes emerged in what the officer found to be most important in the conditions for wanting to build his career. Coaching, where clear feedback from the manager and colleagues is an important ingredient along with opportunities and goals. In the Life Puzzle it is important to get together work with the rest of life. Family and leisure should also function in a balanced way in relation to workload. Agreements and the Armed Forces' geographical distribution are other areas that hamper the individual. Strategic personnel plan is seen as one of the success factors for attracting and giving the individual a good basis for the managerial career. To facilitate both organization and individual, a symbiosis between these two is required. In the career model we have built there is a long-term perspective and a methodically iterative development of both organization and individual. Furthermore, we have seen that a central staff planner has a perspective that benefits both stakeholders in this context. It has been an exciting journey that has given us a lot, we have learned about the actual subject but also about the role of researcher and provided us with information and means to relate to it. We have found some expected answers, but also a lot of unexpected factors that affect the respondents. We have confirmed our view on the composition of management groups and learned about the importance of mentoring at different levels and how much an organizational structure is clearly valued. The social part of life is important but we have now also an understanding of the interaction that makes the whole. We have chosen to create a model to resemble this in a hybrid design where each part is, like a hybrid car, an engine at the same time as a generator. For those with only a certain interest in technology, we think that the parable gives an insight that each part can be allowed to propel but also that it sometimes needs to charge its battery. The modern view that has emerged how the interaction works today has its foundation in Frone and the integrative model. He believes that family can act as a buffer against stress by providing support and opportunities for relaxation as well as that the family can generate more stress that affects the work. During the duration of the work, we have shifted from a clear perception that the basic training and undergraduate education gives us a certain predetermined condition for further career. In part, this view has been confirmed, but not in the way we assumed. We expected to find structural clarity that, with history and "old claims", made a pilot in the Air Force somehow have a clearer path up the hierarchy. That's correct, but there are things behind the scenes that we weren't aware of. This is a story about choosing employees who are similar to yourself and we have seen it. We have seen it with all the desirable clarity in several different places and levels, not just with that particular category. There is more behind the scenes, there are processes that a manager should make conscious. There are influencing factors that cannot be ignored as they in this case make it impossible for a large part of our staff to contribute in the way they have capacity. We believe that our organization does not have the luxury of NOT utilizing the resources we have.

<div>With the upsurge of greenhouse gas emissions and rapid depletion of fossil fuels, the pressure on the transportation industry to develop new vehicles with improved fuel economy without sacrificing performance is on the rise. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), which employ an internal combustion engine as well as an electric motor as power sources, are becoming increasingly popular alternatives to traditional engine only vehicles. However, the presence of multiple power sources makes HEVs more complex. A significant task in developing an HEV is designing a power management strategy, defined as a control system tasked with the responsibility of efficiently splitting the power/torque demand from the separate energy sources. Five different types of power management strategies, which were developed previously, are reviewed in this work, including dynamic programming, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, proportional state-of-charge algorithm, regression modeling and long short term memory modeling. The effects of these power management strategies on the vehicle performance are studied using a simplified model of the vehicle. This work also proposes an original power management strategy development using a genetic algorithm. This power management strategy is compared to dynamic programming and several similarities and differences are observed in the results of dynamic programming and genetic algorithm. For a particular drive cycle, the implementation of the genetic algorithm strategy on the vehicle model leads to a vehicle speed profile that almost matches the original speed profile of that drive cycle.</div>

Content 01. Prototypen im Design Anwendung im Designprozess Einordnung und Kategorisierung 02. Hybride Prototypen Beschreibung Potenziale Einordnung Fragestellungen 03. Aktuelle Projekte Interdisziplinäres Sommerprojekt 2015 VR Concept Cab Interfaceprototypen Agrar 04. Untersuchungen Anwendung Forschung

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The purpose of this thesis to to investigate if the complex and ambiguous means of a hybrid warfare strategy in the context of the ‘armed attack’ threshold. The ‘armed attack’ threshold sits within the UN Charter article 51 and it constitutes the legal provision that the right to self-defence, both unilaterally and collectively, is only triggered in the event of an ‘armed attack’. It is therefore important to determine if this threshold can through the ambiguous and complex structure of hybrid warfare be circumvented or obfuscated to prevent, delay or weaken a State’s ability to act in self- defence or by other means. To examine this problem, this thesis approached it by describing the concept of hybrid warfare and the legal framework that constitute the ‘armed attack’ notion in the context of self-defence. And by, to the extent possible analysed if the hybrid warfare means; cyber warfare, information warfare and the use or support of proxy forces could individually amount to an ‘armed attack’ by viewing how these means were used in Ukraine by Russia. This thesis argues, that a hybrid adversary can through the inherently complex and ambiguous nature of hybrid warfare and its means, obfuscate its attribution under certain circumstance to prevent, limit or delay the ability of a State to act in self-defence or by other means.