Föreliggande studie syftade till att bidra med kunskap till det pedagogiska fältet om barns övergångar från Reggio Emilia- och Montessoriförskolor till förskoleklass som bedriver traditionell pedagogisk undervisning. Detta genom att undersöka vad förskoleklasslärare har för uppfattningar dels om arbetet med barn från dessa pedagogiker och dels vilka spår från pedagogikerna som går att se hos barnen. Undersökningen gjordes utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv, där utgångspunkten är att barnet formas av sina tidigare erfarenheter och lär utifrån de sociala sammanhang det ingår i. Studien byggde på kvalitativa intervjuer med sju förskoleklasslärare från olika skolor i varierande miljöer och socioekonomiska förutsättningar. Med en fenomenografisk ansats låg fokus på de variationer av uppfattningar som fanns bland respondenterna, och utifrån dessa varierande uppfattningar kategoriserades materialet och bearbetades med tematisk analys. Resultaten tydde på skilda uppfattningar mellan förskoleklasslärarna om de upplever skillnad att ta emot och arbeta med barn från Reggio Emilia- och Montessoriförskolor, på vilket sätt de uppfattar att det är skillnad samt huruvida problematiskt eller oproblematiskt det är. Det skilde sig också huruvida intervjupersonerna uppfattar spår av pedagogikerna hos barnen, och de som uppfattade spår kunde se det i följande tre områden: 1. Kunskap, färdigheter och vanor av lärande, 2. Fostran och vanor av verksamhetsform, 3. Personlighet och tänkande. I diskussionen lyftes de viktigaste resultaten som framkommit i studien och ställdes i relation till tidigare forskning, allt utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv, med slutsatser om pedagogiska implikationer.

<p>The purpose of this project is to describe one teacher's non-traditional approach to teaching Mathematics A in municipal adult education. A case study has been carried out over the course of one semester of teaching, involving classroom observations, formal and informal interviews with the teacher and students, surveys and the collection of teaching materials. Each of the aspects of the teaching approach are described and discussed including “book lessons,” “practical lessons,” examinations and group work. The teacher's and students' comments on the teaching approach are recorded along with my comments. The following two questions are also addressed: What is required of the teacher for the implementation of a non-traditional way of working with Mathematics in adult education? and What is the significance of groups in a non-traditional mathematics environment? The non-traditional teaching approach described in this project was able to be linked to a social-constructivist approach to viewing mathematics teaching and learning. With the help of this project, it can be seen that non-traditional approaches to teaching Mathematics can be implemented in the classroom, even in municipal adult education classrooms.</p>

Students today, in the banking system, are the least loyal group. Students are also the most costly group due to the large investments, made by the banks, for them. Banks have generalized all students in one category and have adapted their offering regardless of students’ social statues. As the students banking needs are dependent on their position in their lifecycle, generalizing them in one group is not optimal. The aim of this thesis is to investigate those factors which influence students’ choice of bank. Students are divided into two subcategories namely traditional students and non-traditional students. Non-traditional students are those who are married, cohabiting, having children, or studying part time. Students which do not fall into these four conditions are regarded as traditional students. The difference in banking needs of these two subcategories of students is also investigated. A model, based on the secondary data, was built and subsequently tested on raw data resulting in a quantitative study. The primary data was collected through visitor surveys from students at Lund University. A total of 306 questionnaires were collected during three days whereas 280 of them were used as the basis of the results. The results showed a significant difference between traditional and non-traditional students’ banking needs. The two sub-categories are influenced by different factors when choosing a bank. The results are graphically and numerically presented in graphs and tables respectively. As opposed to previous studies on this field, treating all students as a homogenous group, this thesis have considered students’ social statue also into account. The results of this thesis can therefore be of benefit, for the banks, to understand the different banking needs among students.

The purpose of this project is to describe one teacher's non-traditional approach to teaching Mathematics A in municipal adult education. A case study has been carried out over the course of one semester of teaching, involving classroom observations, formal and informal interviews with the teacher and students, surveys and the collection of teaching materials. Each of the aspects of the teaching approach are described and discussed including “book lessons,” “practical lessons,” examinations and group work. The teacher's and students' comments on the teaching approach are recorded along with my comments. The following two questions are also addressed: What is required of the teacher for the implementation of a non-traditional way of working with Mathematics in adult education? and What is the significance of groups in a non-traditional mathematics environment? The non-traditional teaching approach described in this project was able to be linked to a social-constructivist approach to viewing mathematics teaching and learning. With the help of this project, it can be seen that non-traditional approaches to teaching Mathematics can be implemented in the classroom, even in municipal adult education classrooms.

Abstract Title: If it doesn’t spread it’s dead - a qualitative study on how young entrepreneurs are positioning themselves in the marketplace and with the help of social media spreading their brand. (If it doesn’t spread it’s dead ­- en kvalitativ studie om hur unga entreprenörer positionerar sig på marknaden, med hjälp av sociala medier sprider sitt varumärke).   Number of pages: 48   Author: Sandra Ahlinder, Anna Hoffman   Tutor: Peder Hård af Segerstad Course: Media and Communications Studies C   Period: Fall 2013 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information   Purpose/Aim: The aim with this study is to investigate how companies use social media as a marketing tool. The study will investigate possible differences between two groups of newly started companies. The first group is companies that has recieved a relatively large amount of media attention and the second group is companies that has received less attention in media. The study will examine the usage of social media in the two groups.   Material/Method: A qualitative method has been used in this study in the the collection of data and in the analysis of the collected material. The collection of data is based on semi-structed interwievs as a qualitative method.  In the analysis of the data a content analysis was applied.   Main results: The study's main results shows that there is a difference between the two groups of companies use of social media as a marketing tool. The difference is evident in the respective phases the companies are subject to. The group of companies that receives a significant larger amount of media attention has a developed structure in their marketing strategies. In contrast, the group with less media attention are still in a startup-phase and do not have the same means to reach that level of awareness and development in their marketing.               Keywords: Sociala medier, Entreprenör, Traditionell marknadsföring, Icke-traditionell markandsföring, Word-of mouth (WOM), Relationship Marketing (RM), Storytelling, Relationsmarknadsföring.

Syfte: Syfte med uppsatsen är att öka vår kunskap om product displacement samt att utreda den påverkan product displacement har på mottagaren sett ur ett marknadsföringsperspektiv. Pararellt undersöks om fenomenet kan vara en fördel eller nackdel i marknadskommunikationen. Utgångspunkten i utredningen är att varumärkesinnehavare själva använder sig av product displacement. Metod: Denna studie har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod och induktiv ansats. Metodvalet har sin utgångspunkt i den bristande teorin då fenomenet product displacement är ett nytt begrepp sett ur ett marknadsföringsperspektiv. Undersökningen bygger på tjugo kvalitativa intervjuer med mottagare av product displacement samt två respondenter med yrkesanknytning inom marknadsföring. Avgränsningar: Denna uppsats behandlar endast product displacements effekter på mottagaren som i vårt fall är begränsat till studenter i ålder 20-25 år. Product displacement behandlas som en möjlig marknadsföringsstrategi förutsatt att varumärkesinnehavare själva använder denna. Slutsatser: Product displacement medför ett överraskningsmoment som genererar känslor för mottagaren. Mottagaren gör associationer till det ursprungliga varumärket och får därmed en ökad brand awareness som i sin tur leder till engagemang i form av bland annat word-of-mouth. / The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the impact that product displacement has on the receiver from a marketing communication perspective. This thesis is built upon that the companies themselves make use of this possible marketing strategy. This study is based on a qualitative method with an inductive approach. The main choice of methods has its origins in the lack of product displacements theory since it is a new concept from a marketing communication perspective. The survey is based on twenty interviews with recipients of the phenomenon and two respondents with professional ties.  This thesis deals only with the effects off the product displacement phenomenon on the receiver, as in our case, is limited to students with 20-25 years of age.

<p>Purpose  <br />The purpose of this paper is from a consumer perspective analysis whether or not blogs are affecting a customer’s purchase behaviour to a larger extent compared to traditional marketing methods through TV commercials. Additionally, within the scope of this try to identify the type of consumers that are more influenced to a purchase decision by blog contents compared to others.<br /><br />Methods <br />Through a quantitative approach this study will examine the effectiveness of advertising in blogs. A survey was used in order to collect data where the respondents corresponded to the population in Sweden in the ages 15-79. Initially the size of the blog audience was estimated and thereafter it was examined how many of these that were affected towards a purchase decision by blogs. Finally a profile of these highly interesting individuals was presented based on demographic variables. In parallel the traditional marketing channel – TV commercials – was analysed in the same manner. Subsequently, to be able to map out the effectiveness of blogs a distinct comparison to TV commercials were made.<br /><br />Conclusions<br />More than half of the population is reading blogs to some extent and a tenth of these are reading blogs regularly. The success of blogs can largely be attributed to the fact that the usage of the Internet is growing in today’s society and to interact with new media is enticing. The majority, 82 % are avoiding TV commercials by either switching channels or leaving the TV set. 30 % are affected in their purchase behaviour by recommendations received via blogs while a mere 8 % admit that they are influenced by TV commercials. Based on these conclusions it is determined that blogs are a fairly effective marketing channel. The ideal target group for blog marketing is women between the ages 15-29 that are single, living in a large city in the middle of Sweden, with an unknown occupation and prefer fashion and music blogs.</p> / <p>Syfte<br />Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån konsumentperspektivet utforska huruvida och i så fall varför bloggar påverkar konsumentens köpbeteende i större utsträckning än den traditionella marknadsföringsmetoden via TV-reklam, samt att inom ramen för detta söka identifiera de konsumenter som påverkas mest till köpbeslut av bloggars innehåll.</p><p>Metod<br />Genom ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt belyser studien effektiviteten av reklam via bloggar. En enkätundersökning har använts som datainsamlingsmetod där populationen motsvarar Sveriges befolkning i åldern 15-79 år. Till att börja med uppskattades storleken på bloggpubliken och därefter utforskades hur många av dessa som påverkas till köpbeslut av bloggar. Sist presenterades en profil av dessa högintressanta individer utifrån demografiska variabler. Parallellt har den traditionella marknadsföringskanalen TV-reklam bearbetats på samma tillvägagångssätt. För att kunna klarlägga bloggars effektivitet har därmed en distinkt jämförelse med TV-reklam gjorts.<br /><br />Slutsatser<br />Mer än hälften av populationen läser bloggar i någon grad varav en tiondel läser bloggar regelbundet. Bloggars framgång kan till stor del bero på att Internetanvändningen ökar i dagens samhälle och att interagera med nya medium attraherar. Majoriteten, 82 % undviker TV-reklam genom att antingen byta kanal eller gå ifrån TV-apparaten. 30 % påverkas i sina köpbeteenden av rekommendationer förmedlade via bloggar medan knappt 8 % medger att TV-reklam påverkar dem. Utifrån dessa konklusioner kan konstateras att bloggar är en tämligen effektiv marknadsföringskanal. Den ultimata målgruppen för bloggmarknadsföring är kvinna, mellan 15-29 år, singel, bor i en storstad i Svealand, med en icke bekant sysselsättning som helst läser mode- och musikbloggar.</p>

Purpose  <br />The purpose of this paper is from a consumer perspective analysis whether or not blogs are affecting a customer’s purchase behaviour to a larger extent compared to traditional marketing methods through TV commercials. Additionally, within the scope of this try to identify the type of consumers that are more influenced to a purchase decision by blog contents compared to others.<br /><br />Methods <br />Through a quantitative approach this study will examine the effectiveness of advertising in blogs. A survey was used in order to collect data where the respondents corresponded to the population in Sweden in the ages 15-79. Initially the size of the blog audience was estimated and thereafter it was examined how many of these that were affected towards a purchase decision by blogs. Finally a profile of these highly interesting individuals was presented based on demographic variables. In parallel the traditional marketing channel – TV commercials – was analysed in the same manner. Subsequently, to be able to map out the effectiveness of blogs a distinct comparison to TV commercials were made.<br /><br />Conclusions<br />More than half of the population is reading blogs to some extent and a tenth of these are reading blogs regularly. The success of blogs can largely be attributed to the fact that the usage of the Internet is growing in today’s society and to interact with new media is enticing. The majority, 82 % are avoiding TV commercials by either switching channels or leaving the TV set. 30 % are affected in their purchase behaviour by recommendations received via blogs while a mere 8 % admit that they are influenced by TV commercials. Based on these conclusions it is determined that blogs are a fairly effective marketing channel. The ideal target group for blog marketing is women between the ages 15-29 that are single, living in a large city in the middle of Sweden, with an unknown occupation and prefer fashion and music blogs. / Syfte<br />Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån konsumentperspektivet utforska huruvida och i så fall varför bloggar påverkar konsumentens köpbeteende i större utsträckning än den traditionella marknadsföringsmetoden via TV-reklam, samt att inom ramen för detta söka identifiera de konsumenter som påverkas mest till köpbeslut av bloggars innehåll. Metod<br />Genom ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt belyser studien effektiviteten av reklam via bloggar. En enkätundersökning har använts som datainsamlingsmetod där populationen motsvarar Sveriges befolkning i åldern 15-79 år. Till att börja med uppskattades storleken på bloggpubliken och därefter utforskades hur många av dessa som påverkas till köpbeslut av bloggar. Sist presenterades en profil av dessa högintressanta individer utifrån demografiska variabler. Parallellt har den traditionella marknadsföringskanalen TV-reklam bearbetats på samma tillvägagångssätt. För att kunna klarlägga bloggars effektivitet har därmed en distinkt jämförelse med TV-reklam gjorts.<br /><br />Slutsatser<br />Mer än hälften av populationen läser bloggar i någon grad varav en tiondel läser bloggar regelbundet. Bloggars framgång kan till stor del bero på att Internetanvändningen ökar i dagens samhälle och att interagera med nya medium attraherar. Majoriteten, 82 % undviker TV-reklam genom att antingen byta kanal eller gå ifrån TV-apparaten. 30 % påverkas i sina köpbeteenden av rekommendationer förmedlade via bloggar medan knappt 8 % medger att TV-reklam påverkar dem. Utifrån dessa konklusioner kan konstateras att bloggar är en tämligen effektiv marknadsföringskanal. Den ultimata målgruppen för bloggmarknadsföring är kvinna, mellan 15-29 år, singel, bor i en storstad i Svealand, med en icke bekant sysselsättning som helst läser mode- och musikbloggar.

The aim of this investigative thesis was to further study the use of financial bootstrapping in medium to large sized enterprises. The thesis furthermore aimed to investigate if there are any prerequisite bootstrapping methods used in correlation to annual turnover, industry as well as to conduct research to whether enterprises are aware of their current use of financial bootstrapping. The study can conclude that financial bootstrapping is used among medium to large sized enterprises. Furthermore, the study can also conclude that there exists a correlation between desired bootstrapping methods used and annual turnover. A correlation to the current lifecycle phase currently presided in, in regard to a specific financial bootstrapping method used could not be solely concluded as well as industry-based preferences in regards to specific bootstrapping methods could not be established. The thesis overall conclusion is that further research is needed to conclude if there exist any industry-based preferences towards usage of specific bootstrapping methods, as well as further research should be aware of problems this study has identified in order to better prepare future study in the aimed field. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka tillämpandet av finansiell bootstrapping bland medelstora och stora bolag. Studien ämnade även att vidareutforska huruvida det råder omsättnings &amp; branschspecifika bootstrappingsmetoder samt förtydliga om det återfinns företag som själva inte framhäver sitt tillämpande. Resultaten visade att finansiell bootstrapping tillämpas bland medelstora och stora bolag samt att det råder vissa omsättningsspecifika bootstrappingsmetoder. Slutsatsen är att trots gynnsamma resultat krävs det vidareforskning inom ämnet för att ytterligare kunna påvisa branschspecifika bootstrappingsmetoder som dessutom kan generaliseras till en bredare population. Forskarna kan även konkludera att det krävs ett beaktande till rådande problematik denna studie påträffat för att öka framtida validitet ytterligare i genomförda studier.