Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2021003 bytes, checksum: 5ad4eefd617aac07ae5ffec54035a65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Traditionally, human values have been measured by explicit forms of measurement, like self-report questionnaires. Nevertheless, it is known that these measures are susceptible to social desirability influence, which tends to mask and skew the results. One of the forms that have been used to control this tendency is by the use of implicit measures, which presuppose a decrease in reactivity of the measurement. In this sense, considering the problems inherent in explicit forms of measurement and the lack of instruments in the area of implicit measures, particularly in regard of values, this study was designed, specifically, to focus on the Functionalist Theory of Human Values (Gouveia, 2003). This study aimed to: construct two measures of human values, based on an adaptation of the IAT (SC-IAT), versions pencil and paper (study 1) and computed (study 2). As specific objectives, we sought to test the structure of the Functionalist Theory of Human Values through implicit measures and correlate them with explicit measurement instruments. Participated in the study 1, 154 college students, which are predominantly women (70%) with an average age of 38 years (sd = 6.75). A Multivariate Analysis of Variance for repeated measures revealed differences between the scores in the congruent and incongruent tasks, thereby indicating the effect implicit in the association. Analysis of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) Confirmatory revealed consistency between the theoretical model and the observed structure (Phi Tucker > 0.90), identifying the values belonging to each of the six sub-functions, which are structured by reason of the dimensions: kind of guidance and type of motivator. Through correlation analysis, we observed a low convergent validity between the SC-IAT-Values and the QVB. Furthermore, was observed the discriminating validity of the instrument within the social desirability scale. Moreover, no correlations were observed between the measured implicit and behavioral variable. The second study, with the participation of 50 students, which are predominantly women (54%) with a average age of 24.8 years (sd = 9.88). Through D score was observed on the implicit effect association. MDS analyzes revealed consistency between the theoretical model and the observed structure (Phi Tucker > 0.90) as well as computed. Through correlation analysis, can t to be observed the convergent validity of the measure with the QVB, however, it presented discriminating validity with the scale of social desirability. Again, no relationship was observed between the measured implicit and behavioral variable. In short, this dissertation has achieved its objectives, building the measure of human values implicit in version pencil and paper and computerized, testing the Functionalist Theory through this, as well as linking it with the explicit measures. / Tradicionalmente, os valores humanos têm sido avaliados por meio de formas explícitas de mensuração, como, questionários de autorrelato. Não obstante, sabe-se que estas medidas são susceptíveis à influência da desejabilidade social, o que tende a mascarar e enviesar os resultados. Uma das formas que vêm sendo utilizada para controlar esta tendência é por meio de mensurações implícitas, que pressupõem uma diminuição da reatividade da medida. Neste sentido, tendo em vista os problemas inerentes às formas explícitas de mensuração e a carência de instrumentos na área de medidas implícitas, em especial no que concerne aos valores, esta dissertação foi pensada. Especificamente, seu foco foi a Teoria Funcionalista dos Valores Humanos, objetivando construir duas medidas de valores humanos, com base em uma adaptação do TAI (SC-IAT), nas versões lápis e papel (Estudo 1) e computadorizada (Estudo 2). Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se testar a hipótese de estrutura dos Valores Humanos por meio das medidas implícitas, bem como correlacioná-las com instrumentos de mensuração explícita. No Estudo 1 participaram 154 estudantes universitários, predominantemente mulheres (70%), com idade média de 38 anos (dp = 6,75). A Análise Multivariada de Variância para medidas repetidas revelou diferenças entre as pontuações nas tarefas congruentes e incongruentes, indicando, assim, o efeito implícito na associação. Análises de Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS) Confirmatório revelaram coerência entre o modelo teórico e a estrutura observada (Phi de Tucker > 0,90), cujas seis subfunções, se estruturam em razão das dimensões tipo de orientação e tipo de motivador. Entretanto, observou-se baixa validade convergente entre o SC-IAT-Valores e o QVB. Por outro lado, observou-se a validade discriminante da medida implícita com aquela de desejabilidade social. Ademais, não foram observadas correlações entre a medida implícita e a variável comportamental. O Estudo 2 contou com a participação de 50 estudantes universitários, majoritariamente mulheres (54%), com idade média de 24,8 anos (dp = 9,88). Por meio do escore D, observou-se o efeito implícito na associação. Análises MDS revelaram coerência entre o modelo teórico e a estrutura observada (Phi de Tucker > 0,90) também na medida computadorizada. Não foi constatada a validade convergente da medida implícita com o QVB, porém foi observada sua validade discriminante com a medida de desejabilidade social. Novamente, não foi possível observar relação entre a medida implícita e a variável comportamental. Em suma, esta dissertação cumpriu com os seus objetivos, construindo a medida implícita de valores humanos na versão lápis e papel e computadorizada, corroborando a hipótese de estrutura dos valores, assim como observando a validade discriminante desta medida.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celia Regina Gaiao.pdf: 1729055 bytes, checksum: dc33c2652f92576dd2f50eff815d4049 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-21 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Mental process and mental experience differ between each other. The first one is the operation of the mind, and the second is the subjective life that emerges from this operation. In social evaluation, the implicit and explicit attitudes express this distinction, where the nature of the given answers can be controlled or unconscious depending on the intention or the purpose from whom directs them. Previous studies show a discrepancy between what is clearly expressed by questionnaires and what is unconsciously verified by computerized test concerning issues related to beliefs, ethnicity, gender, among others (Greenwald et al. 1998 and 2002, Jost et al., 2004 and Nosek & Smyth, 2007).The present study aims to investigate the teacher s unconscious attitudes, who is a basic element in the construction of the knowledge, facing deficient students in regular classroom, through an implicit association test (IAT) on deficiency. For this, an adaptation in IAT developed for Nosek was carried out. Through this test, the author demonstrates the existence of divergences between what is told and what is implicit (consciousness versus unconsciousness). The test is based on ordinance of stimulations, representing four concepts presented in a congruent or an incongruent way. Forty teachers who have in their classroom deficient children had answered to one IAT. This test contained four categories (good, bad, with deficiency and without deficiency) and the participants task is to judge which is the category corresponding to a presented photo or word in the center of the screen; it is made of the following judgment blocks: 1-GOOD-BAD; 2-WITH DEFICIÊNCIA-SEM DEFICIENCY; 3- GOOD parameter and WITHOUT DEFICIENCY versus BAD AND WITH DEFICIENCY; 4- GOOD parameter and WITH DEFICIENCY versus BAD AND WITHOUT DEFICIENCY. MANOVA disclosed significant effect for total of right answers and time of reaction (p<0,0001 e 0,00001, respectively). Analysis post hoc with Fischer LSD test, disclosed significant effect for the judgment of the photos with deficiency in the GOOD and WITH DEFICIENCY block versus BAD AND WITHOUT DEFICIENCY block. In spite of an explicit positioning of non-prejudice regarding deficiencies, the teacher s performance was damaged when the task introduced an element of conflict - GOOD and WITH DEFICIENCY. Such discovery reveals that, even on an unconscious way, the look of the educators differs in a prejudiced way people with deficiency. / Processo mental e experiência mental diferem entre si. O primeiro é a operação da mente, o segundo é a vida subjetiva que emerge dessa operação. Na avaliação social, as atitudes implícitas e explícitas expressam esta distinção, onde a natureza das respostas dadas podem ser controladas ou inconscientes, dependendo da intencionalidade ou do propósito de quem as direciona. Estudos prévios mostram uma discrepância entre o que é explicitado por meio de questionários e o que é verificado inconscientemente por meio de teste computadorizado com relação a questões relacionadas a crenças, etnia, gênero, entre outros (Greenwald et al. 1998 e 2002; Jost et al., 2004 e Nosek & Smyth, 2007). O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as atitudes inconscientes do professor que é um elemento fundamental na construção do conhecimento, frente a seu aluno com deficiência em sala de aula regular, por meio de um teste de associação implícita (TAI) sobre deficiência. Para isso, foi realizada uma adaptação no TAI desenvolvido por Nosek. Por meio desse teste, o autor demonstra a existência de divergências entre o que é verbalizado e o que está implícito (consciente versus inconsciente). O teste é baseado na ordenação de estímulos que representam quatro conceitos apresentados de forma congruente ou incongruente. Quarenta professores que têm em sua sala de aula crianças com deficiência responderam a um TAI. Este teste contem 4 categorias (bom, mau, com deficiência e sem deficiência) e a tarefa dos participantes é de julgar qual a categoria correspondente a uma foto ou uma palavra apresentadas no centro da tela; é composto de blocos de julgamento: 1-Bom-Mau; 2-Com Deficiência-Sem Deficiência; 3- pareamento Bome Sem Deficiência versus Mau e Com Deficiência; 4- pareamento Bom e Com Deficiência versus Mau e Sem Deficiência. Manova revelou efeito significativo para total de acertos e tempo de reação (p<0,0001 e 0,00001, respectivamente). Análise post hoc, com teste Fischer LSD, revelou efeito significativo para a situação de julgamento das fotos de deficiência no bloco Bom e Com Deficiência versus Mau e Sem Deficiência. Apesar de um posicionamento explícito de não-preconceito com relação às deficiências, o desempenho do professor foi prejudicado quando a tarefa introduzia um elemento de conflito Bom e Com Deficiência. Tal achado revela que, mesmo que de forma não-consciente, o olhar dos educadores diferencia de maneira preconceituosa pessoas com deficiência.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

abstract: Social categories such as race and gender are associated by people with certain characteristics (e.g. males are angry), which unconsciously affects how people evaluate and react to a person of specific social categories. This phenomenon, referred to as implicit bias, has been the interest of many social psychologists. However, the implicit bias research has been focusing on only one social category at a time, despite humans being entities of multiple social categories. The research also neglects the behavioral contexts in which implicit biases are triggered and rely on a broad definition for the locus of the bias regulation mechanism. These limitations raise questions on whether the current bias reduction strategies are effective. The current dissertation sought to address these limitations by introducing an ecologically valid and multidimensional method. In Chapters 1 and 2, the mouse-tracking task was integrated into the implicit association task to examine how implicit biases were moderated in different behavioral contexts. The results demonstrated that the manifestation of implicit biases depended on the behavioral context as well as the distinctive identity created by the combinations of different social categories. Chapter 3 laid groundwork for testing working memory as the processing capacity for the bias regulation mechanism. The result suggested that the hand-motion tracking indices of working memory load could be used to infer the capacity of an individual to suppress the influence of implicit bias. In Chapter 4, the mouse-tracking paradigm was integrated into the Stroop task with implicit associations serving as the Stroop targets. The implicit associations produced various effects including the conflict adaptation effect, like the Stroop targets, which suggested that implicit associations and Stroop stimuli are handled by overlapping cognitive mechanisms. Throughout these efforts, the current dissertation, first, demonstrated that a more ecologically valid and multidimensional approach is required to understand biased behaviors in detail. Furthermore, the current dissertation suggested the cognitive control mechanism as a finer definition for the locus of the bias regulation mechanism, which could be leveraged to offer solutions that are more adaptive and effective in the environment where collaboration and harmony are more important than ever. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Human Systems Engineering 2019

Implicit feedback is a form a relevance feedback that is inferred from how users interact with an information retrieval system such as an online search engine. This degree project report describes a method of using implicit feedback to establish relevance judgments and rank products based on their relevance to a specified attribute. The report contains an overview of the benefits and limitations of implicit feedback, as well as a description on how those limitations can be mitigated. A prototype that interpreted user actions as relevance votes and calculat-ed a fair relevance score based on these votes with the help of an algo-rithm was developed. This system was then tested on a website with real users during a limited period of time. The results from the test period were evaluated and the system was concluded to be far from perfect, but that improvements could be made by making adjustments to the algo-rithm. The system performed better when looking at the algorithm’s pre-cision rather than its sensitivity. / Implicit feedback är en sorts relevansfeedback som sammanställs utifrån användares interaktion med ett informationsökningsssystem. Denna examensarbetesrapport beskriver ett sätt att använda implicit feedback för att skapa en bedömning av en produkts relevans till ett angivet attribut. Rapporten innehåller också en överblick av fördelarna och nackdelarna med implicit feedback, samt en beskrivning av hur dessa nackdelar kan hanteras. En prototyp som översatte användarbeteende till olika relevansröster och beräknade ett relevansvärde baserat på dessa relevansröster med hjälp av en algoritm, utvecklades. Denna prototyp testades sedan på en hemsida med verkliga användare under en begränsad tid. Resultatet från denna testperiod analyserades och gav slutsatsen att prototypen inte var perfekt, men att resultaten kunde förbättras med hjälp av finjusteringar av algoritmen. Prototypens precision, med avseende på vilka produkter algoritmen valde ut som relevanta, var dock bättre än dess sensitivitet.

Den här studiens syfte att är analysera den implicita ecklesiologi som kommer till uttryck i Engelbrektskyrkans kyrkobyggnad, kyrkorum och materialitet, sådan den var när den byggdes. Utgångspunkten är att kyrkobyggnaden, -rummet och kyrkans materialitet bär på ecklesiologisk information, som genom att synliggöras ger en bild av den syn på vad kyrkan är och bör vara som var rådande vid tiden för kyrkans byggande. Genom en begränsad fältstudie, litteraturstudie och en semi-strukturerad intervju avtäcks och analyseras den implicita ecklesiologi som kyrkan bär på. Studiens slutsats är ett synliggörande av en ecklesiologi där kyrkan är den plats som möjliggör mötet mellan Gud och människa. I Engelbrektskyrkan möter människan bilden av en undervisande, segrande och kärleksfull Kristus som har famnen öppen för sina barn. Både den bild av Kristus och den bild av kyrkan som framträder är bilden av det starka, vackra som inte är sårbart. Genom analysen av de konkreta uttrycken för kyrkan framträder också en ecklesiologi där ett statskyrkoideal bryter mot ett folkkyrkoideal.

This study treats participants' attitudes and interpretations of participation in communion within the denomination Church of Sweden. This study has had an inductive approach by conducting interviews and questionnaires during the spring of 2023. Interviews were conducted with 6 informants and questionnaires were handed out at one worship with mass on 2 April, which generated 68 answered questionnaires. The questions this study has sought to answer are: - Which attitudes do worship participants have towards walking procession and kneeling when participating in communion? - Which interpretations do worship participants have regarding walking procession and kneeling when participating in communion? The result which in itself is an inductive processing of the material was analyzed by two main theoretical standpoints. The first was implicit ecclesiology and theology and the second was participation. What emerged was that there are a variety of attitudes and interpretations regarding both walking procession and kneeling, when participating in communion. The result points towards that participating in communion overall is a rite people appreciate and have a variety of interpretations regarding. The majority of the informants tend to show a more positive attitude towards walking procession when participating in communion contra kneeling. The material is constricted regarding only having handed out questionnaires at oneworship occasion with a walking procession. For future studies within this field, it would be sufficient to also hand out questionnaires at worship occasions where kneeling, when participating in communion, is the normative practice.

The racial dynamic between teachers and students in the United States is increasing. The population of racial minority students continues to grow while the teacher population stays predominantly White. Equity and inclusion, often the foreground in an educational setting, are now being undervalued when needed the most. This study examined and compared pre-service and in-service teachers' implicit attitudes toward racial minority students while also looking at their self-efficacy beliefs in teaching diverse classrooms. Participants included nine pre-service teachers from a four-year university and nine PreK-3 in-service teachers. All participants were from the Southeastern part of the United States. To test the hypothesis that pre-service teachers will have more negative implicit attitudes toward racial minority students, this study used an Implicit Association Test. Although the t-test result comparing both groups, pre-service teachers versus in-service teachers, showed insignificant differences, raw data from participants' Implicit Association Tests showed that more pre-service teachers showed a slight bias towards students from racial majority groups. Results support recommendations and implications for practitioners to better understand how biases may occur in classrooms and how pre-service teachers can be better prepared to teach in diverse classrooms. Keywords: implicit attitudes, implicit bias, racial dynamics, racial minority students, early childhood education

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