Forskningsfrågor Hur kommer företag att arbeta med showrooms och pop-up butiker i framtiden? Hur ska företag integrera sina olika försäljningskanaler för att behålla en stark position på marknaden? Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur detaljhandeln kommer att utvecklas i framtiden genom användandet av nya kreativa försäljningskanaler, för att nå nya samt redan befintliga kunder. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka vikten av att företagens olika försäljningskanaler är integrerade för att kunna möta kundernas efterfrågan. Syftet är även att skapa en förståelse utifrån hur företag, genom sin kanalintegration, kommer att få konkurrensfördelar på marknaden. Metod Uppsatsen är skriven med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod som har en induktiv ansats med deduktiva inslag. Vi har under studien insamlat empirisk data genom semistrukturerade intervjuer samt två fokusgrupper. Slutsats I denna studie kommer vi fram till att pop-up butiker är ett fenomen som kommer bli allt vanligare, då det är en försäljningskanal som har många fördelar. Studien visar även att showrooms, mot slutkunder, kommer bli allt vanligare. Integrationen av ett företags försäljningskanaler kommer samtidigt bli viktig, för att skapa helhetsupplevelsen för kunder. / Research question How will companies work with showrooms and pop-up stores in the future? How can companies integrate their various sales channels to maintain a strong position in the market? Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the retail industry will evolve in the future- using novel creative sales channels to reach both new and existing customers. Furthermore, the thesis aims to examine the importance of how corporations’ different sales channels are integrated in order to meet customer demand. Another objective is to gain an understanding of how companies, through channel integration, can attain a competitive advantage in the market. Method We used a qualitative research method with an inductive approach but incorporating some deductive elements in order to investigate the above questions. During the study we collected empirical data through semi-structured interviews and from two focus groups. Conclusion Our research suggests that the pop-up store is a phenomenon that will continue to grow because it has many advantages as a sales channel. Moreover, it indicates that showrooms will broaden their target market to include end consumers. The integration of a company's sales channels will also be important to create a cohesive overall experience for customers.

Background: E-commerce is an evolving market; the number of retailers and the growth in online shopping has built up a competitive market. It is therefore essential for companies to continuously develop their online activity to remain and attract new customers. To do so, companies need to create value for the customers and meet their demands: therefore it is of great importance for companies to understand consumers’ buying behavior, and moreover investigate in which factors are related to the consumers’ online purchase intention.   Purpose: The purpose is to explain the relationship between trust, perceived risk, shopping enjoyment, site design quality and online purchase intention.   Hypotheses: The authors of this study set up the following hypotheses: H1+: Trust is positively related to consumers’ online purchase intention. H2-: Perceived risk is negatively related to consumers’ online purchase intention. H3: Shopping enjoyment is related to consumers’ online purchase intention. H4+: Site design quality is positively related to consumers’ online purchase intention. Methodology: Survey study. Conclusion: Hypothesis 1 was supported in this study. Hypothesis 2 was not supported in this study. Hypothesis 3 was supported in this study. Hypothesis 4 was supported in this study.

Sverige är ett land som är bra på att ta hand om det avfall som uppstår. Mängden matavfall ökar hela tiden och händer ingenting snarast så kommer det finnas dubbelt så mycket om 20 år. Om en hållbar utveckling ska uppnås så måste mängden avfall som kastas minskas drastiskt. Naturvårdsverket har på uppdrag av regeringen föreslagit att matavfallet ska minska med 20 procent fram till år 2020, till skillnad mot år 2010. Sverige kastar 1,9 miljoner ton matavfall varje år. En stor del av detta är mat som faktiskt hade kunnat ätas, om det hanterats annorlunda. Matsvinn är ett globalt problem som uppstår i hela världen men även i hela livsmedelskedjan. Olika studier visar på att stora mängder mat kasseras i onödan varje dag. Det är olika svårt att minska matsvinnet i de olika stegen i livsmedelskedjan. Svårighetsgraden beror på hur mycket matsvinn de olika stegen erhåller. Ju längre produkterna har färdats i kedjan, desto mer energi och resurser har gått till spillo. Denna studie syftar på att ta reda på hur livsmedelsbutiker hanterar matsvinn men även kundernas medvetenhet kring ämnet. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med de ansvariga på frukt och grönt och ”på- stan-intervjuer” med kunder har genomförts i tre olika livsmedelsbutiker för att få fram en bild i hur matsvinn hanteras både hemma och i butiker. Resultatet visade på att livsmedelsbutikerna är medvetna kring ämnet och har förebyggande åtgärder i rutin för att hålla nere svinnet men att de ändå kan bli bättre. Samtidigt vill butikerna sälja så mycket varor som möjligt vilket skapar en komplex värld. Kunderna i de studerade butikerna visar på att de flesta tänker på hur mycket matsvinn de har hemma men att de sen inte vill eller kan intresserad sig för livsmedelsbutikernas svinn. Studien visade även på att det finns skillnader mellan kön- och åldersgrupper bland kunderna vilket är ett intressant resultat. / Sweden is a country that is good at taking care of the waste that arises. The amount of food waste is increasing continuously and if nothing happens soon there will be twice as much in 20 years. If sustainable development is to be achieved, the amount of thrown waste must be reduced. Naturvårdsverket (environmental protection agency) has suggested by commission of the government that food waste will decrease by 20 percent by 2020, unlike in 2010. Sweden throws 1.9 million tons of food waste every year. A large part of this is food that actually could have been eaten, if handled differently. Food loss is a global issue, which occurs in the whole world but also in the entire food chain. Various studies show that large quantities of food are discarded unnecessarily every day. It ́s different to reduce food loss in different steps in the food chain, depending on the food loss receiving in the various steps. The longer the products have been in the chain, the more energy and resources have been wasted. This study aims to find out how grocery stores handle food loss but also customers awareness around the topic. Semi-structured interviews with the responsible for the studied section, and "at-town interviews” with the costumers, have been conducted in three different grocery stores to obtain an image of how food loss is managed both at home and in stores. The results showed that food stores are conscious about the subject and have preventive measures in the routine to keep down losses, but they can always be better. At the same time stores will sell as much merchandise as possible which creating a complex world. Customers in the studied stores shows that most people thinking of food loss at home but that they don’t want to or can be interested for the grocery stores wastage. The study also shows that there is a difference between gender and ages, which is a rather interesting result.

Localization is critical to a number of wireless network applications. In many situations GPS is not suitable. This dissertation (i) develops novel localization schemes for wireless networks by explicitly incorporating mobility information and (ii) applies localization to physical analytics i.e., understanding shoppers' behavior within retail spaces by leveraging inertial sensors, Wi-Fi and vision enabled by smart glasses. More specifically, we first focus on multi-hop mobile networks, analyze real mobility traces and observe that they exhibit temporal stability and low-rank structure. Motivated by these observations, we develop novel localization algorithms to effectively capture and also adapt to different degrees of these properties. Using extensive simulations and testbed experiments, we demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of our new schemes. Second, we focus on localizing a single mobile node, which may not be connected with multiple nodes (e.g., without network connectivity or only connected with an access point). We propose trajectory-based localization using Wi-Fi or magnetic field measurements. We show that these measurements have the potential to uniquely identify a trajectory. We then develop a novel approach that leverages multi-level wavelet coefficients to first identify the trajectory and then localize to a point on the trajectory. We show that this approach is highly accurate and power efficient using indoor and outdoor experiments. Finally, localization is a critical step in enabling a lot of applications --- an important one is physical analytics. Physical analytics has the potential to provide deep-insight into shoppers' interests and activities and therefore better advertisements, recommendations and a better shopping experience. To enable physical analytics, we build ThirdEye system which first achieves zero-effort localization by leveraging emergent devices like the Google-Glass to build AutoLayout that fuses video, Wi-Fi, and inertial sensor data, to simultaneously localize the shoppers while also constructing and updating the product layout in a virtual coordinate space. Further, ThirdEye comprises of a range of schemes that use a combination of vision and inertial sensing to study mobile users' behavior while shopping, namely: walking, dwelling, gazing and reaching-out. We show the effectiveness of ThirdEye through an evaluation in two large retail stores in the United States. / text

M. Tech. Business Administration / This study was motivated by the lack of adequate convenience retail shopping facilities for the residents of the study area, comprising Thatchfield Residential Estate, The Reeds, Heuweloord and a small portion of Rooihuiskraal. Tenants generate the income for a shopping centre and therefore the value of this type of retail property to the owners depends on the forecast of consumer demand for the products or services sold by tenants. Through balanced tenancy, the stores in a planned shopping centre complement each other in the quality and variety of their products offerings, and the type and number of stores are linked to the overall need of the population of the catchment area.

Retail stores are understudied given the energy, occupant health, and potential sales impacts associated with poor indoor air quality (IAQ). There is also evidence of elevated pollutants in retail environments. This thesis is an exploration of the indoor air quality of retail stores. The first section of this thesis is a literature review on field investigations of the indoor air quality in retail buildings. Sixteen investigations report different measurements in 17 specific types of retail environments. Measurements vary depending on the specific investigation, but include VOCs, SVOCs, particles, microbiological species, and radon. When reported, indoor to outdoor ratios of almost all pollutants are greater than unity, suggesting the importance of indoor sources in retail environments. The second section of this thesis is an analysis of the whole store net emission factor for different retail environments. From the types of pollutants found in the retail store investigations, VOCs were the only pollutant group studied frequently enough to merit this analysis. The final section is an analysis of the potential for pollutant remediation strategies. Two methods, increasing air change rate and air cleaning, are considered with an analysis of the energy penalties associated with each. / text

Σκοπός της έρευνας που διενεργήσαμε ήταν να προσδιορίσουμε τα κίνητρα και το προφίλ εκείνων των καταναλωτών που επιλέγουν να αγοράζουν τα δερμοκαλλυντικά και τα προϊόντα περιποίησης προσώπου και σώματος τους από τα πολυκαταστήματα και όχι από τα super markets, τα φαρμακεία ή άλλα μικρότερα καταστήματα. Προκειμένου να εξάγουμε ασφαλή συμπεράσματα δημιουργήσαμε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο το οποίο και μοιράσαμε σε 240 άτομα. Τις απαντήσεις που πήραμε τις επεξεργαστήκαμε με το πρόγραμμα Statistic Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Οι απαντήσεις αυτές μας βοήθησαν να κατανοήσουμε τι συμβαίνει στη αγορά σήμερα. Ανατρέξαμε στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία ώστε να συλλέξουμε πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα κίνητρα των καταναλωτών για αγορές και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο δομούνται τα καταστήματα προκειμένου να γίνονται ελκυστικότερα στους καταναλωτές. Θεωρούμε ότι μια τέτοια μελέτη θα ενδιαφέρει τόσο τις εταιρείες καλλυντικών, όσο και τους ιδιοκτήτες πολυκαταστημάτων, μικρότερων καταστημάτων ακόμη και φαρμακείων μιας και για όλα τα ανωτέρω, τα καλλυντικά αποτελούν μεγάλο μέρος του όγκου των πωλήσεών τους. / -

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1987.

Megastores are the latest phenomenon in the retail industry's evolution. This new form of retailing can be categorized by three main retail types: category killers, superstores and membership clubs. The arrival of megastores into British Columbia brings with it a variety of issues including economic, environmental, employment, aesthetic, social and planning. North American examples described in current literature detail these issues but do not directly address the role of the planner vis a vis megastores. Given that megastores are changing the retail geography and community development patterns of British Columbia, planners must have a comprehensive knowledge of their quantitative and qualitative impacts. To assist in an understanding of these impacts, two British Columbian megastore host communities are considered - Prince George and Courtenay. These case studies are assessed according to impacts delineated from the North American examples to determine the applicability of other research findings. Findings from this thesis show that megastores will become an important issue for British Columbia's planners and decision-makers in the years to come. The short history of megastores in the evolution of retailing make it difficult to evaluate their impacts. While some of the impacts found in the literature hold true for the British Columbian case studies, others do not. This divergence be attributable to the focus of available literature or the difference in exposure time to the megastore phenomenon. Further observation, research and analysis will be required to provide municipality specific data on which elected officials can base decisions.

Neighbourhood trade-stores, or small scale retail outlets specialising in domestic provisions sold in small quantities, are common features of residential landscapes in developing countries. While these shops are fixtures in the everyday micro-geographies of urban places, little is known as to how they are economically and socially bound up with the neighbourhoods in which they are situated and, in turn, how these linkages influence the day-to-day life circumstances of local people. Through such a local-level investigation utilising multiple qualitative methods, I examine the intra-neighbourhood economic and social roles of small trade-stores in an urban neighbourhood in Cochabamba, Bolivia. My analysis reveals that trade-stores were a key influence on the welfare of neighbourhood residents. Economically, these shops functioned as safeguards for family economies by providing multidimensional material support. Socially, trade-stores acted as mechanisms for informal social control, nodes of local information exchange, and sources of local social opportunities and social support.