This Master’s Thesis examines the subject indexing of all Swedish gay fiction published from year 2000 until 2007. This is done from a queer theoretical- and domain analytical perspective. The study is conducted in the catalogue BURKsök created by BTJ which is the largest library media company in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to examine the heterosexual norm in fiction indexing and to study to what extent gay fiction is to be found by subject. Asking research questions about the vocabulary available in the subjects headings list used by BTJ, the description of gay fiction in BURK-sök and the influences this has on the indexing of gay fiction in Swedish public libraries. A quantitative study is conducted by gathering and analysing the subject headings given gay fiction in BURK-sök and a random selection of public libraries using their service. Results show that the indexing of gay fiction in BURK-sök to a large extent do not describe the gay-theme of the book and that the libraries that buy their subject headings from BTJ most often do not change the headings. The study concludes that there is a heterosexual norm in fiction indexing and that this has a negative effect on the retrieval of gay fiction by subject. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the music downloading service Musikwebb regarding its indexing and retrieval effectiveness. This was done by performing various kinds of search in the system. The outcome of these searches were then analysed according to the criteria specificity, precision, recall, exclusivity and authority control. The study showed that Musikwebb had several flaws regarding its retrieval effectiveness. The most prominent cases were the criteria exclusivity and specificity. Several of Musikwebb’s classes could be regarded as almost similar and the average number of songs in each class was over 50 000. As this study shows, having over 50 000 unique entries in a class results in problems regarding the effectiveness of the browsing technique. The developers of Musikwebb are recommended by the author to acquire their licensed material from All Music Guide, including the implementation of the All Music Guide classification system.

Har ni någon bra kärleksroman? : en studie av indexering av skönlitteratur vid stadsbiblioteken i Malmö och Mölndal. Have you got a good love story? : a study of fiction indexing at the public libraries of Malmö and Mölndal.The thesis analyses interviews with users of two Swedish public libraries to find aspectsof fiction important to users and consequently to be considered when indexing fiction.Descriptions of a novel by 50 users at each library are compared to the index terms usedfor these novels. For the analysis, the authors propose a model of their own based onAnnelise Mark Pejtesen's AMP system for fiction indexing. The authors find that usersprefer to mention concrete aspects like actors, time, geographic location and genre.Malmö did not use genres as indexing terms. Otherwise the indexing terms of bothlibraries usually concerned the same aspects.

Bakgrund: Olika forskare har under åren identifierat problem relaterade till inflation, samt även bidragit med förslag på lösningar på dessa. Begreppet Money Illusion är ett välkänt begrepp inom området som tycks vara en del i förklaringen till allmänhetens motvilja att hantera inflationsrelaterade problem. Det är bestämt i Sverige av Riksbanken att inflationen skall vara låg men positiv och inflationsmålet är satt till två procent. Indexerade beräkningsenheter presenteras av Robert Shiller som lösning på kunskaps- och beteendeproblem förknippade med inflation. Han definierar en indexerad beräkningsenhet som ska fungera parallellt med den lokala valutan. Syfte: Syftet är att diskutera förutsättningar för en implementering av nya indexerade beräkningsenheter, som fungerar parallellt med valutan, i Sverige samt att kritiskt granska Robert Shillers teorier om indexerade beräkningsenheter. Genomförande: Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer inom bank- och försäkringsväsendet samt en universitetslektor i nationalekonomi vid Linköpings Universitet. Intervjuerna har utgått från samma intervjumall. Insamlat intervjumaterial har tillsammans med teorier om inflation, indexering och transaktionskostnader legat till grund för analysen. Slutsats: Slutsatsen i uppsatsen är att den låga inflation som råder i Sverige inte ses som ett tillräckligt stort problem för att motivera en mer vida indexering hos privatpersoner. De kostnader som förknippas med indexering, i form av transaktionskostnader, har även underskattats av Robert Shiller vilket gör att hans förespråkande för indexering i låginflationsländer i själva verket högst troligen är en paradox. / Background: Several scientists have, over the years, identified problems related to inflation and contributed with suggestions to solutions. The term Money Illusion is a well-known phenomenon that explains difficulties of separating nominal value from real value. The central bank of Sweden has decided that inflation should be low but positive and the inflation target is set to two percent. Robert Shiller presents Indexed Units of Account as a solution to problems related to inflation depending on knowledge and behavior. He defines an Indexed Unit of Account that is meant to operate in parallel to the local currency. Aim: The aim is to discuss the prerequisites for an implementation of new indexed units of account, which works in tandem with the currency, in Sweden as well as critically examine the theories of indexed units of account made by Robert Shiller. Completion: The thesis is qualitative in nature and is based on semi-structured interviews with people in banking, insurance and a senior lecturer in economics at the University of Linköping. The interviews have assumed the same interview template. Collected interview data, together with theories of inflation, indexing and transaction costs has formed the basis for the analysis. Conclusion: The conclusion in the paper is that the low inflation prevailing in Sweden is not seen as a big enough problem to warrant a more widespread use of indexation by individuals. Robert Shiller has also underestimated the costs associated with indexing, in the form of transaction costs, which most likely means that his advocacy of indexation is a paradox.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to study and analyze the impact of LibraryThing's tagmoderation process and tag cloud limits in the library catalog, and assess the differencesbetween tags on their web page and tags in “LibraryThing for Libraries”.Communication with personnel on LibraryThing regarding their moderation processwas established, and the results were then compared with the collected data in thisstudy. Tags from 20 different books, collected from 2 different library catalogs, onewith a tag limit of 15 and one with 25, and from LibraryThing's web page werecollected and analyzed. The theoretical framework of the thesis was based on J. T.Tennis, and the data were organized using a modified version of Golder & Huberman'sseven different functions found in tags (2006).The results show that LibraryThing's claim that they only remove the inherentlypersonal tags are only partially true, since some other kinds of tags have disappeared aswell. In some cases a certain concept has been included in one book and excluded inanother. Tags concerning opinions or attributes of a book, have often been excluded,these could however serve as valuable forms of recommendations to other people,despite their personal context. The comparison between the library tag clouds limited toeither 15 or 25 tags suggested that tag clouds with an increased number of tags gave amore pronounced picture regarding the contents of the book. However, the number ofproblematic tags with synonymous or redundant information also increased when thesize of the library tag cloud grew.

To discover areas within the Swedish indexing system for children’s and youth literature that could limit the possibility to find books about a certain subject or of a particular type, and to identify factors that could complicate the development of Swedish subject headings and the genre/form system for children is the aim with this study. The research area is explored by analyzing information about the indexing process of books for children and youths in Sweden today, and information about the development of the specific indexing system. Specialist librarians connected to Svenska barnboksinstitutet have contributed to the empirical data and Mai’s domain-centered approach to indexing is used as a theoretical framework. Some areas within the indexing system that could have a negative impact on the quality and consistency of the indexing and thus reduce the searchability are shown. Using Lancaster’s suggestions about what could effect the indexing quality it is discussed that the indexing vocabulary, the document, the indexer and the “process” could contribute to the problems. Another finding that could cause inconsistency is the occurrence of subdomains within the nationwide domain. Factors that could complicate the development of the indexing system are also identified. These factors can be linked to historical and contemporary, cultural, linguistic and societal aspects, but also to the specific target group. The findings indicate that maintaining a system with updated, neutral indexing terms adapted to the needs of the target group requires a continuous and coordinated work, responsiveness, awareness of societal change, and linguistic sensitivity

This thesis aims to answer the following questions: What type of vocabulary is used in the humanities? What does this implicate when it comes to indexing in the humanities? How do humanities scholars seek information and what type of information do they need? What consequences does this have when it comes to the development of humanities databases? How is the MLA International Bibliography organized? How does its indexing system – CIFT – work? How does the MLA International Bibliography correspond with the needs of the humanities scholar? The study shows that the type of vocabulary used in the humanities differs significantly from that used in the sciences. Therefore, information retrieval is often said to be problematic in the humanities when compared to the sciences. This is, however, not completely true. If consideration is taken to the different type of vocabulary used in the humanities, subject access proves to be more straightforward than has been generally recognized. The study also shows that humanities scholars have slightly other information needs than scientists. For example, they use different types of publications in their research. On a whole, the MLA International Bibliography corresponds well with the different needs of humanities scholars. The vocabulary used in its thesaurus is based on the type of vocabulary actually used by them. The database also includes references to various publication types. Even so, the MLA International Bibliography could do with a few improvements in order to enhance its value to the research community. The inclusion of abstracts, more references to internationally published material and improved currency when it comes to time lapse between primary source and online version are areas that needs to be improved. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Visma Labs AB or Visma wanted to conduct experiments to see if file metadata could be indexed for searching files on a public cloud storage. Given that storing files in a public cloud storage is cheaper than the current storage solution, the implementation could save Visma money otherwise spent on expensive storage costs. The thesis is therefore to find and evaluate an approach chosen for indexing file metadata and searching files on a public cloud storage with the chosen distributed search engine Elasticsearch. The architecture of the proposed solution is similar to a file service and was implemented using several containerized services for it to function. The results show that the file service solution is indeed feasible but would need further tuning and more resources to function according to the demands of Visma. / Visma Labs AB eller Visma ville genomföra experiment för att se om filmetadata skulle kunna indexeras för att söka efter filer på ett publikt moln. Med tanke på att lagring av filer på ett publikt moln är billigare än den nuvarande lagringslösningen, kan implementeringen spara Visma pengar som spenderas på dyra lagringskostnader. Denna studie är därför till för att hitta och utvärdera ett tillvägagångssätt valt för att indexera filmetadata och söka filer på ett offentligt molnlagring med den utvalda distribuerade sökmotorn Elasticsearch. Arkitekturen för den föreslagna lösningen har likenelser av en filtjänst och implementerades med flera containeriserade tjänster för att den ska fungera. Resultaten visar att filservicelösningen verkligen är möjlig men skulle behöva ytterligare modifikationer och fler resurser att fungera enligt Vismas krav.

Introduction. This thesis seeks to investigate the construction and application of subject headings within Queerlit; a database designed to collocate Swedish works of fiction containing LGBTQI motifs. The aim of the study is to identify which principles guide the use of subject headings within Queerlit. The findings of this study can in turn provide insights as to the practical and epistemological challenges that can arise in the subject indexing of LGBTQI materials in general.  Theory & Method. The theoretical underpinnings of the study are social constructionism and queer theory. A Foucauldian understanding of the concept of discourse has been applied during analysis. The study also makes use of theories concerning categorization of sexuality and gender as described by Sedgwick and Halberstam, along with the LIS concepts of aboutness and meaning. The method used is discourse analysis, which has been applied to Queerlit’s subject heading list, as well as the indexing of two novels included in Queerlit.  Results & Analysis. The analysis has shown that the subject heading list contains several discourses pertaining to LGBTQI. In identifying these discourses, it is shown that Queerlit emphasizes sex and sexuality, while expressing ambivalence concerning temporality and intersectionalism. As for the analysis of the indexing of the two novels, the study has demonstrated that subjective interpretation is a vital part of identifying LGBTQI motifs, and that the indexing of older literature is influenced by presentism.  Conclusion. The findings prove that LGBTQI materials provide a particular set of challenges for the practice of subject heading indexing. This is largely due to the fact that LGBTQI concepts tend to be fluid, unstable, and heavily dependent on context, both within literature and intellectual thought, whereas thesauri by necessity treat documents and the language within them as stable and definitive.  This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

The construction industry has faced major challenges in recent years. A number of different circumstances have had a great impact on the global economy, one of the largest being Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine, but also the Covid-19 pandemic, the impending energy crisis and the increasing inflation. The effects of these events have had an impact on delayed deliveries as well as labor and materials in construction projects. In a fixed-price contract, it is usually the contractor who bears the risk for cost changes. The regulation in 6:3 AB 04 and ABT 06 exists to balance unforeseeable cost changes, in that unpredictable cost changes can lead to the fixed price being adjusted. The purpose of the regulation is to make it possible for the employer to obtain tenders that are comparable. Otherwise, the contractor’s risk calculation would partly be based on arbitrariness. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze in which situations a party can request a price adjustment in accordance with 6:3 AB 04 and ABT 06 and shed light on other possible regulations regarding cost changes by examining the corresponding Norwegian and Danish standard contracts. Furthermore, the thesis examines how the parties in commercial constructions negotiate contracts when they are not satisfied with the solution prescribed in the standard agreements, i.e. how the parties can adjust the risks with an index. This is done by applying legal dogmatic method in combination with comparative method. The thesis also contains elements from sociology of law, regarding how the industry has adapted today’s challenges in index clauses in construction agreements.  This thesis explains in greater detail the different components of 6:3 AB 04 and ABT 06 in order to clarify in which situations the regulation can be applied. The conclusion is that 6:3 consists of a number of unclear components, which require a legal assessment that determines whether the regulation can be applied. However, certain components have been able to be clarified, such as the relationship between the relevant circumstance and foreseeability, which point in time that is decisive for the foreseeability assessment and how several different cost changes can affect the materiality. An index might be useful while examining 6:3 since an index can be used as an aid in determining abnormal price changes and in the materiality assessment.  The thesis compares the Swedish regulation with the Norwegian and Danish regulations, which leads to the conclusion that there is no Nordic cooperation regarding price adjustment due to cost changes. The Norwegian standard contracts are based on an indexation regulation, otherwise there is no possibility for a party to request a price adjustment, except regarding government fees. Similar to the Norwegian regulation, the Danish standard contracts are also based on an indexation regulation, which regulates the price from one year after the tender. The Danish standard contracts also contain a provision that can provide price adjustment as a result of cost increases for materials and fuel if the increases reach certain percentages. While the Danish regulation contains more concrete components, the Swedish regulation is more flexible and includes several different types of cost changes.  Finally, an increased interest has been noted regarding index clauses in Swedish constructions. The thesis discusses the impact of the choice of index regulation. Whether the index handles current cost changes in such a way that the contractor receives full coverage for his expenses, depends to a large extent on which index is chosen and how the index clause is formulated.