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Intégration monolithique de composants bipolaires et de circuits radiofréquences sur substrats mixtes silicium/silicium poreux / Monolithic integration of bipolar devices and radiofrequency circuits on porous silicon/silicon hybrid substratesCapelle, Marie 17 December 2013 (has links)
Le récent essor des systèmes de communication sans fil implique le développement de circuits RF performants, à fort taux d’intégration, bas coût, et adaptés à la production de masse. L’intégration monolithique de systèmes RF sur silicium permet de répondre en partie à ces critères. Cependant, le silicium est responsable de pertes dans le substrat dégradant les performances des composants passifs. Pour adresser cette limite, des caissons isolants de silicium poreux peuvent être réalisés au sein du silicium (substrat mixte). Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de montrer la faisabilité de l’intégration monolithique sur substrat mixte et d’étudier son impact sur les performances de circuits RF. Ce manuscrit décrit l’élaboration des substrats mixtes et donne une comparaison des performances de composants passifs intégrés sur silicium poreux et sur substrats standards. Enfin, l’intégration monolithique de circuits RF est menée sur substrat mixte 6’’. La caractérisation de ces démonstrateurs montre une amélioration des performances par rapport au silicium. De plus, la compatibilité du substrat mixte avec un procédé industriel de microélectronique est validée. / The rapid growth of wireless systems involves the development of highly efficient, large-scale, low-cost and radio frequency (RF) systems. Monolithic integration of RF circuits on silicon can enhance the appeal of this technology further. However, in order to fully realize the next generation of system-on-chip on silicon, the losses which results in to degradation in the performances of passive components need to be addressed. This work investigates locally insulating porous silicon regions on silicon substrates, targeting highly efficient passive components. This thesis begins with a detailed description of porous silicon/silicon hybrid substrate fabrication using a novel mask. The influence of the hybrid substrate on fabricated passive device performances was studied and the results were compared to similar devices on conventional silicon substrates. Finally, monolithic integration of passive and active devices was demonstrated on 6” hybrid substrates, with performance improvements when compared with standard silicon. This work has also shown that hybrid substrates can be fully integrated into industrial scale microelectronic processes.
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Integrated On-chip Magnetic-Based Inductors with Externally Applied DC Magnetic Field for RF and Power ApplicationsJanuary 2014 (has links)
abstract: Inductors are fundamental components that do not scale well. Their physical limitations to scalability along with their inherent losses make them the main obstacle in achieving monolithic system-on-chip platform (SoCP). For past decades researchers focused on integrating magnetic materials into on-chip inductors in the quest of achieving high inductance density and quality factor (QF). The state of the art on-chip inductor is made of an enclosed magnetic thin-film around the current carrying wire for maximum flux amplification. Though the integration of magnetic materials results in enhanced inductor characteristics, this approach has its own challenges and limitations especially in power applications. The current-induced magnetic field (HDC) drives the magnetic film into its saturation state. At saturation, inductance and QF drop to that of air-core inductors, eliminating the benefits of integrating magnetic materials. Increasing the current carrying capability without substantially sacrificing benefits brought on by the magnetic material is an open challenge in power applications. Researchers continue to address this challenge along with the continuous improvement in inductance and QF for RF and power applications.
In this work on-chip inductors incorporating magnetic Co-4%Zr-4%Ta -8%B thin films were fabricated and their characteristics were examined under the influence of an externally applied DC magnetic field. It is well established that spins in magnetic materials tend to align themselves in the same direction as the applied field. The resistance of the inductor resulting from the ferromagnetic film can be changed by manipulating the orientation of magnetization. A reduction in resistance should lead to decreases in losses and an enhancement in the QF. The effect of externally applied DC magnetic field along the easy and hard axes was thoroughly investigated. Depending on the strength and orientation of the externally applied field significant improvements in QF response were gained at the expense of a relative reduction in inductance. Characteristics of magnetic-based inductors degrade with current-induced stress. It was found that applying an externally low DC magnetic field across the on-chip inductor prevents the degradation in inductance and QF responses. Examining the effect of DC magnetic field on current carrying capability under low temperature is suggested. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2014
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Controle alternativo da antracnose no maracujá-amerelo na pós-colheita / Controle alternativo da antracnose no maracujá-amerelo na pós-colheitaLIMA FILHO, Rinaldo Malaquias 03 March 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-03 / Vários fungos causam doenças no maracujá-amarelo na fase de pós-colheita, principalmente Colletotrichum gloeosporioides que provoca lesões nas frutas, prejudicando a comercialização. Entre os métodos alternativos de controle de doenças pós-colheita a indução de resistência sistêmica com elicitores bióticos e abióticos é uma alternativa promissora, da mesma forma que a utilização do 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) para a manutenção da qualidade do fruto e prevenção contra a antracnose. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos dos indutores de resistência Agro-Mos (AGM), acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) e Ecolife (ECL) em maracujá-amarelo contra a antracnose. Foram testados tempos de imersão de 5, 10, 15 e 20 min, assim como as dosagens de 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 μL.L-1 para AGM e ECL, e de 0, 10, 30, 50, 80, 100 mg i.a.L-1 para ASM. Foi avaliado a incidência, severidade, atividade das PR–proteínas (β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, polifenoloxidase) e fatores físico-químicos(acidez total titulável (ATT), sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e pH) nas frutas tratadas. O índice de crescimento micelial e esporulação de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides foi determinado em placas de Petri contendo meio BDA e indutores de resistência nas dosagens supra citadas. Com a finalidade de verificar o efeito do 1-MCP sobre o desenvolvimento da antracnose e fatores físico-químicos, frutas sadias foram submetidas às concentrações de 0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 nL.L-1 durante 12 h, inoculadas com o patógeno e armazenadas durante sete dias à 25 ± 2 ºC. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e a unidade experimental foi composta por uma bandeja contendo 10 frutas. O tempo de imersão não influenciaram a incidência e severidade da antracnose. Os tratamentos AGM e ECL nas dosagens 50 e 100 μL.L-1 reduziram a incidência da antracnose para 85%, mas não influenciou a severidade dadoença. AGM, ASM e ECL foram eficientes na ativação das PR-proteínas causando acúmulo nas frutas tratadas. A maior atividade da β-1,3 glucanase foi detectada em ECL (100 μL.L-1), enquanto as enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase apresentaram maior atividade em AGM (100 μL.L-1). As atividades enzimáticas descreveram perfil semelhante com expressivo acúmulo em torno das menores dosagens dos indutores, decrescendo, em seguida até o último nível testado. Os tratamentos AGM, ASM e ECL não causaram alteração nos teores de SST e pH, porém, AGM e ASM apresentaram redução significativa nos teores de ATT. No estudo do efeito do 1-MCP o crescimento micelial e esporulação foram influenciados diretamente pelos tratamentos com AGM e ECL. O tamanho das lesões foi inversamente proporcional às dosagens testadas, sendo menores com o aumento da concentração do produto. As maiores lesões ocorreram na testemunha (0 nL.L-1) 1,42 cm e a menor 0,77 cm nas frutas submetidas a maior concentração (600 nL.L-1). O desenvolvimento da doença foi menor nos tratamentos comas doses de 300, 450 e 600 nL.L-1. Não houve alteração no pH, no entanto, verificou-se aumento significativo de SST e ATT na polpa do maracujá tratados com 1-MCP quando comparados com a testemunha. / Vários fungos causam doenças no maracujá-amarelo na fase de pós-colheita, principalmente Colletotrichum gloeosporioides que provoca lesões nas frutas, prejudicando a comercialização. Entre os métodos alternativos de controle de doenças pós-colheita a indução de resistência sistêmica com elicitores bióticos e abióticos é uma alternativa promissora, da mesma forma que a utilização do 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) para a manutenção da qualidade do fruto e prevenção contra a antracnose. Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos dos indutores de resistência Agro-Mos (AGM), acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) e Ecolife (ECL) em maracujá-amarelo contra a antracnose. Foram testados tempos de imersão de 5, 10, 15 e 20 min, assim como as dosagens de 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 μL.L-1 para AGM e ECL, e de 0, 10, 30, 50, 80, 100 mg i.a.L-1 para ASM. Foi avaliado a incidência, severidade, atividade das PR–proteínas (β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, polifenoloxidase) e fatores físico-químicos(acidez total titulável (ATT), sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e pH) nas frutas tratadas. O índice de crescimento micelial e esporulação de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides foi determinado em placas de Petri contendo meio BDA e indutores de resistência nas dosagens supra citadas. Com a finalidade de verificar o efeito do 1-MCP sobre o desenvolvimento da antracnose e fatores físico-químicos, frutas sadias foram submetidas às concentrações de 0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 nL.L-1 durante 12 h, inoculadas com o patógeno e armazenadas durante sete dias à 25 ± 2 ºC. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e a unidade experimental foi composta por uma bandeja contendo 10 frutas. O tempo de imersão não influenciaram a incidência e severidade da antracnose. Os tratamentos AGM e ECL nas dosagens 50 e 100 μL.L-1 reduziram a incidência da antracnose para 85%, mas não influenciou a severidade dadoença. AGM, ASM e ECL foram eficientes na ativação das PR-proteínas causando acúmulo nas frutas tratadas. A maior atividade da β-1,3 glucanase foi detectada em ECL (100 μL.L-1), enquanto as enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase apresentaram maior atividade em AGM (100 μL.L-1). As atividades enzimáticas descreveram perfil semelhante com expressivo acúmulo em torno das menores dosagens dos indutores, decrescendo, em seguida até o último nível testado. Os tratamentos AGM, ASM e ECL não causaram alteração nos teores de SST e pH, porém, AGM e ASM apresentaram redução significativa nos teores de ATT. No estudo do efeito do 1-MCP o crescimento micelial e esporulação foram influenciados diretamente pelos tratamentos com AGM e ECL. O tamanho das lesões foi inversamente proporcional às dosagens testadas, sendo menores com o aumento da concentração do produto. As maiores lesões ocorreram na testemunha (0 nL.L-1) 1,42 cm e a menor 0,77 cm nas frutas submetidas a maior concentração (600 nL.L-1). O desenvolvimento da doença foi menor nos tratamentos comas doses de 300, 450 e 600 nL.L-1. Não houve alteração no pH, no entanto, verificou-se aumento significativo de SST e ATT na polpa do maracujá tratados com 1-MCP quando comparados com a testemunha.
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Analise de desempenho de processadores digitais aplicados ao controle de baixo custo de maquinas eletricas trifasicas / Digital processors performance estimation applied to low cost, three-phase electrical machinesBotega Junior, Mario Luis 18 May 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Ernesto Ruppert Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T07:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um avaliador de desempenho de processadores digitais para utilização em aplicações de controle de motores de indução trifásicos, .especialmente aquelas destinadas a aplicações de baixo custo e adequadas a produtos de consumo. A concepção destes produtos exige que o processador seja corretamente dimensionado uma vez que o custo deste dispositivo é significativo face ao custo total do acionamento. .O método de avaliação aqui proposto utiliza um conjunto de métricas que permite predizer se um dado processador irá atender às restrições de tempo impostas pela aplicação, de forma a escalonar todas as tarefas que a compõe, bem como estimará o tamanho da memória de programa necessária para implementá-la. Os dados de diversos processadores disponíveis comercialmente foram aplicados no método de avaliação aqui proposto e um deles foi utilizado no desenvolvimento de um protótipo experimental, onde se coletaram dados para verificar a eficácia do avaliador. Estes resultados, bem como as divergências entre o real e o avaliado, estão apresentados neste trabalho / Abstract: The aim of this work is to show a digital processor performance simulator, to be used in three-phase induction motor control, specially those which are used in low cost products. The conception of these products demands the correct processor's specification, because its cost is expressive facing the overall drive's cost. The proposed simulation method uses a metrics set which enables to predict if one microprocessor will be in compliance with timing constraints imposed by the application in order to schedule all the software tasks, as well will estimate the necessary program memory size to implement it. Several commercially available microprocessor's data, were used with this simulation method and one of them were chose to be used in an experimental laboratory prototype, in order to collect data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results, as well the divergences between experimental and simulation, are shown in this work / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Integração de blocos RF CMOS com indutores usando tecnologia Flip Chip. / Integration of RF CMOS blocks with inductors using Flip Chip technology.Angélica dos Anjos 10 September 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi feita uma ampla pesquisa sobre blocos de RF, VCOs e LNAs, que fazem parte de transceptores. Esses blocos foram projetados utilizando um indutor externo com um alto Q, com o intuito de melhorar as principais características de desempenho de cada um dos blocos. Com a finalidade de ter um ponto de comparação foram projetados os mesmos blocos implementando todos os indutores integrados (internos). Foi proposta a utilização da tecnologia flip chip para interconectar os indutores externos aos dies dos circuitos, devido às vantagens que ela apresenta. Para implementar os indutores externos propôs-se um processo de fabricação completo, incluindo especificação das etapas de processos e dos materiais utilizados para estes indutores. Adicionalmente foi projetado um conjunto de máscaras para fabricar os indutores externos e fazer a montagem e teste dos circuitos que os utilizam. Para validar o processo proposto e caracterizar os indutores externos foram projetadas diferentes estruturas de teste. O Q do indutor externo é da ordem de 6 vezes maior que do indutor integrado, para a tecnologia escolhida. Foram projetados e fabricados dois VCOs LC: FC-VCO (Flip Chip VCO com o indutor externo), OC-VCO (On Chip VCO com o indutor interno), e dois LNAs CMOS de fonte comum cascode com degeneração indutiva: FC-LNA (Flip Chip LNA com o indutor Lg externo) e OC-LNA (On Chip LNA com todos os indutores internos). O objetivo desses quatro circuitos é demonstrar que o desempenho de circuitos RF pode ser melhorado, usando indutores externos com alto Q, conectados através de flip chip. Para implementação desses circuitos utilizou-se a tecnologia de processo AMS 0,35µm CMOS, para aplicações na banda 2,4GHz ISM, considerando o padrão Bluetooth. Foram medidos apenas os blocos com os indutores internos (OC-VCO e OC-LNA). Para os blocos com os indutores externos (FC-VCO e FC-LNA) foram apresentados os resultados de simulação pós-layout. Através da comparação dos resultados de simulação entre os VCOs foi comprovado que o uso de um indutor externo com alto Q conectado via flip chip pode melhorar significativamente o ruído de fase dos VCOs, atingindo -117dBc/Hz a 1MHz de frequência de offset para o FC-VCO, em 2,45GHz, onde a FOM é 8dB maior que o OC-VCO. Outro ganho foi através da área poupada, o FC-VCO tem uma área cerca de 83% menor que a do OC-VCO. Após as medidas elétricas do OC-VCO obteve-se um desempenho do ruído de fase de -110dBc/Hz@1MHz para 2,45GHz, e -112dBc/Hz@1MHz para 2,4GHz, o qual atende as especificações de projeto. O FC-LNA, que foi implementado com o indutor de porta Lg externo ao die, conectado via flip chip, atingiu uma figura de ruído de 2,39dB, 1,1dB menor que o OC-LNA com o mesmo consumo de potência. A área ocupada pelo FC-LNA é aproximadamente 30% menor do que o OC-LNA. Através das medidas elétricas do OC-LNA verificou-se que o circuito apresenta resultados adequados de S11 (perda de retorno da entrada) e S22 (perda de retorno da saída) na banda de frequências de interesse. No entanto, o valor do ganho apresenta uma redução em relação ao esperado. A proposta do trabalho de unir a tecnologia flip chip ao uso de indutores externos, proporciona circuitos mais compactos e consecutivamente mais baratos, pela economia de área de Si. Adicionalmente, após os indutores externos serem caracterizados, os mesmos indutores podem ser reutilizados independente da tecnologia CMOS utilizada facilitando o projeto dos blocos de RF em processos mais avançados. / This work presents a research about RF blocks that are used in Transceivers, VCOs and LNAs. These blocks were designed using a high-Q RF external inductor in order to improve the main performance characteristics. The same blocks were designed implementing all inductors on-chip (internal) in order to have a point of comparison. It was proposed the use of Flip Chip technology to interconnect the external inductors to the dies of the circuits due to the advantages that this technology offers. A full manufacturing process was proposed to implement the external inductors, including the specification of process steps and materials used for these inductors. Additionally, a set of masks was designed to fabricate the external inductors, to mount and test the circuits that used these inductors. Different test structures were designed to validate the proposed process and to characterize the external inductors. Q factor of the external inductor is around 6 times larger than the inductor integrated into the chosen IC technology. Two LC VCOs and two common-source cascode CMOS LNAs with inductive degeneration were designed and fabricated: FC-VCO (Flip Chip VCO using external inductor), OC-VCO (On Chip VCO using on-chip inductor), FCLNA (Flip Chip LNA using an external Lg inductor) and OC-LNA (On Chip LNA with all inductors implemented on-chip). The purpose of these four circuits is to demonstrate that the performance of RF circuits can be improved by using high-Q external inductors, connected by flip chip. The 0.35µm CMOS AMS technology was used to implement these circuits intended for applications in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, considering the Bluetooth standard. Were measured only the blocks with internal inductors (OC-VCO and OC-LNA). For the blocks with external inductors (FCVCO and FC-LNA) were presented the results of post-layout simulation. The comparison between the VCOs simulations results demonstrates that using an external high-Q inductor connected by flip chip can significantly improve the phase noise of VCOs. FC-VCO reached a phase noise of -117dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency and a FOM 8dB greater than the OC-VCO. Another important improvement was the saved area, the FC-VCO has an area approximately 83% lower than that of OC-VCO. After electrical characterizations of the OC-VCO, phase noise performances of -110dBc/Hz@1MHz for 2.45GHz and -112dBc/Hz@1MHz for 2.4GHz were obtained, that accomplish the design specifications. FC-LNA reached a noise figure of 2.39dB, 1.1dB lower than that of OC-LNA with the same power comsumption. The total area occupied by FC-LNA is around 30% lower than that OC-LNA. Measurement results of the OC-LNA showed that the circuit presents suitable S11 (input return loss) and S22 (output return loss) values in the desired frequency band. However, the gain value presents a reduction compared with the expected values. The proposal to use the flip chip technology together with external inductors, allows more compact and cheap circuits, because Silicon area can be saved. Moreover, after the external inductors being characterized, the same inductors can be reused regardless of the CMOS technology facilitating the design of RF blocks in more advanced processes.
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[en] DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW BRIDGE OF MAXWELL-WIEN / [es] DESARROLLO DE UN NUEVO PUENTE DE MAXWELL-WIEN / [pt] DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA NOVA PONTE DE MAXWELL-WIENANDREIA QUINTANA LIMA DE SOUSA 21 November 2001 (has links)
[pt] Nos Institutos Nacionais de Metrologia para a medição da
grandeza de indutância com alta exatidão usam-se circuitos
especiais, desenvolvidos e montados pelos próprios
laboratórios. Esta dissertação de mestrado descreve o
desenvolvimento e a realização de uma nova construção da
ponte de Maxwell-Wien, usada para a padronização e
disseminação da unidade henry do Instituto Nacional de
Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial -
INMETRO. Na parte teórica do trabalho o conceito do erro
complexo é introduzido e, usando este método mais
generalizado, os erros nos circuitos de medição e o efeito
de impedâncias parasitas internas e externas são
analisados. Métodos de compensação para minimizar estes
erros são tratados. Na parte prática da dissertação, a
partir das características de indutores padrão, os esquemas
mais conhecidos de pontes de Maxwell-Wien são estudados. Os
conceitos de inovação para desenvolver uma nova ponte de
estrutura não tradicional, os métodos aplicados e a
construção realizada são descritos detalhadamente. O
trabalho é completado por um programa de avaliação das
medições, desenvolvido em linguagem C, no ambiente de
LabWindows/CVI (C for Virtual Instrumentation, produto da
National Instruments). Os resultados de calibrações
sistemáticas e de comparações internacionais são resumidos,
comprovando que, apesar das soluções e métodos simples, a
nova ponte está oferecendo boa repititividade e alta
exatidão, atingindo o desempenho das pontes de laboratórios
Primários. / [en] In national institutes of metrology, for the high precision
measurement of inductance special circuits are used,
developed and constructed by the laboratories themselves.
This dissertation for a master degree describes the
development and realisation of a new Maxwell-Wien bridge
that is used for the standardisation and dissemination of
the unit of inductance in the National Institute of
Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality - INMETRO.
In the theoretical part of this work the concept of the
complex error is introduced and, using this generalised
method, the errors of measurement circuits as well as the
effects of internal and external stray impedance are
analysed. Methods of compensation to minimise these errors
are also treated. In the practical part of the
dissertation, starting from the characteristics of standard
inductors, the most known arrangements of Maxwell-Wien
bridges are studied. The innovative concepts to develop a
new bridge of non-traditional structure, the methods
applied and the realised construction are described in
details. The work is completed by a computer program to
evaluate measurement data, developed in language C, in the
environment of LabWindows/CVI, (C for Virtual
Instrumentation, product of National Instruments). The
results of systematic calibrations and that of
international comparisons are resumed, proving that, in
spite of simple solutions and methods, the new bridge is
offering high accuracy and repeatability, attaining the
performance of the bridges of primary laboratories. / [es] En los Institutos Nacionales de Metrologia para la medición
de inductancia con alta exatitud se usan circuitos
especiales, desarrollados y montados por los proprios
laboratorios. Esta disertación de maestría describe el
desarrollo y la realización de una nueva construcción del
puente de Maxwell-Wien, usada para la padronización y
diseminación de la unidad henry del Instituto Nacional de
Metrologia, Normalización y Calidad Industrial - INMETRO.
En la parte teórica del trabajo, se introduce el concepto
de error complejo y, utilizando este método mas
generalizado, se analizan los errores en los circuitos de
medición y el efecto de impedancias parásitas internas y
externas. Son discutidos métodos de compensación para
minimizar estos errores. En la parte práctica de la
disertación se estudian, a partir de las características de
inductores padrón, los esquemas mas conocidos de puentes de
Maxwell-Wien. Se descriven detalladamente los conceptos de
innovación para desarrollar un nuevo puente de extructura
no tradicional, los métodos aplicados y la construcción
realizada. EL trabajo es completado por un programa de
avaliación de las mediciones, desarrollado en lenguaje C,
en el ambiente de LabWindows/CVI (C for Virtual
Instrumentation, producto de la National Instruments). Se
resumen los resultados de calibraciones sistemáticas y de
comparaciones internacionales, comprobando que, apesar de
las soluciones y métodos simples, el nuevo puente ofrece
buena repititividad y alta exatitud, alcanzando el
desempeño de los puentes de laboratorios Primarios.
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Core loss characterization and design optimization of high-frequency power ferrite devices in power electronics applicationsGradzki, Pawel Miroslaw 06 June 2008 (has links)
An impedance-based core loss measurement technique for power ferrites, the modeling and analysis of mechanisms of high-frequency losses, and design methodology for optimization for high-frequency magnetics are presented.
The high-frequency losses of ferrite materials are characterized employing a large-signal impedance measurement technique. The impedance analyzer controlled through an IEEE-488 interface, measures the impedance of the inductor under test under large signal excitation via a power amplifier. The core loss is a form of a parallel resistance is derived from measured impedance characteristics. A wideband impedance probe, enables core loss characterization up to 100 MHz.
A comprehensive analysis of all major loss mechanisms in ferrites is presented. A new form of residual losses due to a magnetoelectric effect is postulated to account for losses at high frequencies. Two models of losses in ferrites are proposed, one with emphasis on analysis of loss mechanisms, and the other with an emphasis on the design of high-frequency magnetic components. Both models include the important effect of static bias field, which is the case in many power electronics applications. Magnetic losses due to magnetostriction are measured. Dependence of magnetoelastic resonances on the magnetic bias. core material, core shape and size is studied. The influence of diffusion after-effect on core loss under time-varying bias field is investigated.
Thermal stability of high-frequency magnetics is studied. A verification of one- and two- dimensional models of winding losses for solid and litz wire is performed. The optimum design method for high-frequency power transformers and inductors is proposed. / PhD
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High-frequency Quasi-square-wave Flyback RegulatorZhang, Zhemin 02 December 2016 (has links)
Motivated by the recent commercialization of gallium-nitride (GaN) switches, an effort was initiated to determine whether it was feasible to switch the flyback converter at 5 MHz in order to improve the power density of this versatile isolated topology. Soft switching techniques have to be utilized to eliminate the switching loss to maintain high efficiency at multi-megahertz. Compared to the traditional modeling of zero-voltage-switching quasi-square-wave converters, a numerical methodology of parameters design is proposed based on the steady-state model of zero-voltage switching quasi-square-wave flyback converter. The magnetizing inductance is selected to guarantee zero-voltage switching for the entire input and load range with the trade-off design for conduction loss and turn-off loss.
A design methodology is introduced to select a minimum core volume for an inductor or coupled inductors experiencing appreciable core loss. The geometric constant Kgac = MLT/(Ac2WA) is shown to be a power function of the core volume Ve, where Ac is the effective core area, WA is the area of the winding window, and MLT is the mean length per turn for commercial toroidal, ER, and PQ cores, permitting the total loss to be expressed as a direct function of the core volume. The inductor is designed to meet specific loss or thermal constraints. An iterative procedure is described in which two- or three-dimensional proximity effects are first neglected and then subsequently incorporated via finite-element simulation. Interleaved and non-interleaved planar PCB winding structures were also evaluated to minimize leakage inductance, self-capacitance and winding loss. The analysis on the trade-off between magnetic size, frequency, loss and temperature indicated the potential for a higher density flyback converter.
A small-signal equivalent circuit of QSW converter was proposed to design the control loop and to understand the small-signal behavior. By adding a simple damping resistor on the traditional small-signal CCM model, it can predict the pole splitting phenomenon observed in QSW converter. With the analytical expressions of the transfer functions of QSW converters, the impact of key parameters including magnetizing inductance, dead time, input voltage and output power on the small-signal behavior can be analyzed. The closed-loop bandwidth can be pushed much higher with this modified model, and the transient performance is significantly improved.
With the traditional fix dead-time control, a large amount of loss during dead time occurred, especially for the eGaN FETs with high reverse voltage drop. An adaptive dead time control scheme was implemented with simple combinational logic circuitries to adjust the turn on time of the power switches. A variable deadtime control was proposed to further improve the performance of adaptive dead-time control with simplified sensing circuit, and the extra conduction loss caused by propagation delay in adaptive dead-time control can be minimized at multi-megahertz frequency. / Ph. D. / With the fast development of telecom, computer and network systems, high efficient and small volume power supplies are highly desired. A typical method for achieving high power density involves increasing the frequency and implement soft-switching techniques to minimize loss. Thanks to the recent commercialization of the advanced semiconductor gallium-nitride (GaN) switches, it is feasible to design high density power supplies and cost effective power system.
Several challenges including optimization of power converter, high frequency magnetics and implementation of control architecture have been addressed in this dissertation which helps to realize this compact power system. With the implementation of proposed circuit model and seminumerical design procedures for magnetics, a 30W high-frequency isolated DC/DC converter with planar inductor is fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis, which also demonstrates much improved performances.
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Textile Integrated Induction : Investigation of Textile Inductors for Wireless Power TransferYring, Malin January 2016 (has links)
This research has its basis in developments within the field of inductive powering and wireless power transfer, WPT, and more specifically one the branch within this field, which is called magnetic resonance coupling. This principle enables efficient power transfer from a transmitting unit to a receiving unit at a distance of some times the unit diameter. The developments within magnetic resonant coupling are together with the possibilities and challenges of today’s smart textile industry the starting point to investigate a novel textile-based product concept for WPT by combining both technologies. Multiple textile samples, consisting of cotton and electrically conductive copper yarns, were produced by weaving technique, additional assembling of electronic components were performed manually and several measurements were carried out to investigate the sample characteristics and the sample performance in terms of power transfer. The produced samples showed to behave similarly to conventional inductors and were able to transfer power over some distance.
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Commandes adaptées pour les convertisseurs statiques multiphases à inductances couplées / Control strategies suitable for parallel converters with coupled inductorsLe Bolloch, Mathieu 13 December 2010 (has links)
L'apparition de convertisseurs multicellulaires parallèles entrelacés et magnétiquement couplés a conduit ces dernières années à améliorer les performances des convertisseurs (en termes de densité de puissance, d'efficacité, de dynamique,...). Le pendant de ces améliorations successives résulte en une nécessité d'équilibrage précis des courants de phase, ce qui entraîne une complexification de la commande des ces convertisseurs. Une première étape de détermination de la fonction de transfert d'une boucle d'équilibrage des courants nous permet de déterminer la nature des correcteurs d'équilibrage de ces courants. Cette étude nous permet d'appréhender des systèmes plus complexes avec différentes topologies de couplage magnétique entre les bras du convertisseur parallèle. Suite à une étude bibliographique mettant en avant le manque de précision des techniques actuelles de mesure des courants de bras, nous proposons une technique d'émulation analogique précise de ces courants ne nécessitant qu'un seul capteur. Deux prototypes ont été réalisés et permettent de valider cette technique. Enfin, face à l'intérêt grandissant que portent les industriels pour des architectures modulaires, deux innovations permettant de s'affranchir d'un circuit spécifique de supervision sont proposées. Dans un premier temps, une technique modulaire d'équilibrage des courants est proposée et validée expérimentalement : elle permet, entre autres, une mesure différentielle précise des courants de bras. Ensuite, une méthode de génération modulaire de porteuses triangulaires auto-alignées est proposée et validée grâce à la réalisation d'une maquette de test. L'association de ces deux techniques nous permet de proposer une architecture entièrement modulaire ne nécessitant plus de circuit de commande superviseur. / Development of interleaved power converters with coupled inductors has enhanced converters performances (better power density, eciency, transient response. . .). Such improvements lead to the necessity of a precise current-sharing in the converter legs, and consequently to much more complex control strategy for those converters. First step is to determine current sharing loop transfer function in order to choose the kind of sharing corrector and calculate its parameters. State-space representation is used to consider any coupling topology. Because ux induced in coupled inductors must be controlled with accuracy, a bibliography study emphasizes the lack of precision in present current-sensing techniques. Then, a precise analogical emulation of currents in every leg, based on only one current sensor, is proposed. Two prototypes have been developed and validate this approach. Finally, because of growing interest of industrial in modular architectures, two innovations which avoid the use of central specic circuit are presented. First, a masterless and modular current sharing technique is proposed and tested : it allows a very precise dierential current measurement and regulation. Then a modular generation of self-aligned triangular carrier for interleaved converters is proposed and conrmed by test. The association of both techniques leads to a full masterless and modular approach for the control circuit of parallel converter with coupled inductors.
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