This research paper looks at the issues that arise when implementing the regulatory regime governing street trading in the city of Durban. It does three things. First, it provides a comprehensive overview of the context of the street trading policy environment, in an attempt to set out the various discourses surrounding street trading regulation in the eThekwini municipal area from colonial times till the present. Second, the paper looks at the institutional profile of street trading and related issues within the operations of the city bureaucracy as part of the argument that its structural location determines, the attention and support that the sector gets. Consideration of related institutional variables such as location, budgeting, management strategy, and human resources revealed that the paradigm shift proposed by informal economy policy has occurred to some extent. However there are views that the organizational logic and culture of the municipality undermines speedy problem-solving mechanisms. Third, the paper explores issues that have to do with the impact of the changing regulation and institutional environment on the operations and livelihoods of street traders. Regulation is operationalised as registration, spatial allocation, enforcement and system capacity. The related experience of the regulatory regime suggests that implementation remains a problem in transforming a progressive policy intention. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

The processes of globalisation and trade liberalisation promote formal international trade world-wide. The processes have been accompanied by the renewed vigour to improve international competitiveness of the formal enterprises. Amidst these changes, there is a growing interest in the extent of informal sector activity as a form of income generating or subsistence activity within the developed and developing countries. However, little agreement exists in the literature as to what constitutes the informal economy, what activities in addition to monetary exchange make up the informal economy and where these activities are located. The lack of consensus on the proper definition is reflected in the lack of systematic information about all the caveats of this sector. As a result, the informal crossborder trade has failed to attract attention of the academic researchers. Little is known about whether the benefits of globalisation and trade liberalisation trickle down to the lower end of the informal sector. This study explores and describes the problems faced by the Lesotho informal cross-border traders operating between Lesotho and Durban. It provides a profile of their experiences and problems along different stages of their journey. That is between their homes and the border gates, at the border gates on the their way to Durban, on their journey to Durban, in Durban, and the border gates on their return journey to Lesotho. This study examines the relationships between these traders and the traders in Durban. It tracts what happens to their goods once they are imported into Lesotho. The study concludes that trade and non-trade barriers pose a number of serious problems for the informal traders, and therefore hinder the development of international trade in the informal sector. / Thesis (M.Dev. Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

Despite numerous research efforts and a number of 'friendly' national policies on the field of the informal economy in South Africa, there does seem to be a continuous public policy conflict at local government level in this country. The evolution of the informal economy and the policy crisis at local government level seem to be largely shaped by the legacy of colonialism and racial capitalism. This study focuses on three critical policy areas of informal trading, namely; the taxi industry; the shebeens that belong to the category of home based economy; and street traders. These three are the oldest form of informal economic activities pursued by the Africans (indigenous people). The study will investigate the progress of informal trading as a critical policy area for municipalities made thus far since the democratisation of South Africa in 1994. It confronts the lack of progress by this sphere of government. It concludes by exposing the neglect of the three types of informal trading. It also concludes that the development of sound informal economic policies at municipal level is a prerequisite as there are national policies and legislation that need to be adhered to. The study recognises that despite the development of sound informal economic policies being obligatory, there is an underlying social, political, environmental and economic need for this important process. It finally identifies the specific critical areas that need to be addressed and recommends a policy process that is participatory, credible and progressive. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.

This Master thesis is written in the field of collaborative planning aiming to challenge the collaborative approach on it applicability, especially in the context of the Global South. As a case study it looks on the urban poor community participatory practice, the so called 're-blocking' in Cape Town – an example of insitu informal settlement upgrading. It questions not only to what extent re-blocking displays a successful approach of collaborative planing but also whether it can lead to more inclusive cities in South Africa. The field data was gained through qualitative semi-structured interviews, observations and an analysis of national housing policy documents. The findings evaluate re-blocking as a successful example of collaborative planning in the sense that local communities are truly involved in the process and have a lot of decision making power. Also, re- blocking can be replicable to other cities in South Africa. Yet it faces several risks in community mobilisation and communication and can only be operated on a small scale. Therefore, the thesis concludes that re-blocking itself may not lead to inclusive cities, however as an example of community participation it may change the mindset of the South African society and (local) government towards informal community inclusion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:32:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSR.pdf: 780701 bytes, checksum: 1fc24c68b23cd30e58fbecb7433b93e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work was developed along with informal waste collectors of recyclable solid waste in the urban area of the city of São Carlos SP. An effort has been performed with the aim of combining ecological studies with the garbage problematic and social exclusion the informal waste collection brings. The adequacy of concepts of the ecological theory (ecological niche, foraging models) to the case of the waste collectors studied allowed placing the role of individuals in the ecosystem and inferring on the resource utilization forms and their implications for the environment. The methodological procedures used combined direct observations and free interviews with structured questionnaires (socioeconomic and informal collection production data). Most informal waste collectors (80%) present generalist collection strategy, also presenting, however, high dependence degree on some types of waste such as aluminum, paper and ferrous materials. The behavior of the informal waste collectors is similar to behavior predicted for foragers by the optimal foraging theory. The contribution of the informal collection for recycling market is of order of 97.3 kg/day/collector, being hidden by its stealth situation and the gains they profit are found at minimum levels as possible in order to allow they subsistence. One of the effects of this activity on the environment is its performance as negative feedback on one component the garbage which causes environmental deterioration. One believes that the recognition of the collection social and environmental importance and its removal from informality are the first step to change the stealth situation that informal waste collectors are submitted to. / O trabalho foi desenvolvido junto aos catadores autônomos de resíduos sólidos recicláveis da área urbana do município de São Carlos SP. Foi realizado um esforço no sentido de aliar estudos ecológicos com as problemáticas do lixo e da exclusão social presentes na coleta informal. A adequação de concepções teóricas da ecologia biológica (nicho ecológico, modelo de forrageamento) ao caso dos catadores de resíduo estudados permitiu situar os indivíduos no seu papel dentro do ecossistema e inferir sobre formas de utilização do recurso e suas implicações para o ambiente. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados combinaram observações diretas e entrevistas livres e estruturadas com questionários estruturados (dados sócioeconômicos e de produção da coleta informal). A maioria dos catadores (80%) possui estratégia de coleta generalista, apresentando, contudo, alto grau de dependência de alguns tipos de resíduo, tais como alumínio, papel e metais ferrosos. O comportamento dos catadores é semelhante ao previsto para forrageadores pela teoria do forrageamento ótimo. A contribuição da coleta informal para o mercado de reciclagem, da ordem de 97,3 kg/dia/catador, é mascarada por sua situação de clandestinidade, sendo que os ganhos auferidos pelos catadores estão nos níveis mínimos possíveis para permitir sua subsistência. Um dos efeitos da atividade para o ambiente é seu funcionamento como retroalimentação negativa sobre um componente o lixo - que causa a deterioração ambiental. Acredita-se que o reconhecimento da importância social e ambiental da coleta e sua retirada da informalidade sejam o início da reversão do quadro de marginalização a que os catadores estão submetidos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this multi-cases study was to analise the influence of formal structure in the emergence of Informal Social Networks in public and private organizations. The study was carried out in a public and a private school in order to determine the implications, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals inserted in the two contrasting situations. Regarding the nature of the investigation, this is a qualitative and quantitative research and the nature of the study outlines a descriptive approach. To define the organizational structure and the formal relationships of the schools we analyzed documents, performed interviews and made observations. For the mapping and characterization of Informal Social Networks of Information, Friendship and Trust, we used the questionnaire by Kuipers (1999) and Silva (2003), and results were obtained by Ucinet 6.0 software in parallel with NetDraw. Sixty-six employees of the public school were identified as types of flowers and seventy-three employees of the private school were called by names of Brazilian trees. In order to understand the reasons that justify the citation of a specific actor, a semi-structured interview based on Sozen (2012) was performed with all participants. The data analysis was divided into three categories: dependence, motives, and consequences of non-relationship. This way, we could observe the relationship between macro-structural and micro-behavioral power based on the counting of words using the NVivo and SAS softwares. Through the degree of centralization of Informal Social Networks it was possible to identify the central actors and their roles according to the classification of Cross and Prusak (2002). The main findings revealed that the networks of both schools analyzed showed a high potential for relationships to be developed. The size and density of the Informal Social Networks of Information and Trust were higher in the private school, whereas the Informal Social Networks of Friendship was higher in the public school. Although the public school used more informal contacts, the private school had a larger number of groups and cohesive subgroups. We, therefore, verified the influence of the formal structure in the formation of informal relationships, mainly in the private school; however, the strengthening of connections is not only sustained by the duties of the position, but also by the personal qualities of those actors. / O presente estudo de multicasos teve como objetivo analisar a influência da estrutura formal no surgimento de Redes Sociais Informais em organizações pública e privada. Optou-se pela pesquisa ser em escolas dos setores público e privado a fim de constatar as implicações, atitudes e condutas dos indivíduos inseridos nas duas situações contrastantes. Dessa forma, no que tange o caráter da investigação, trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa e quanto à natureza do estudo delineia uma abordagem descritiva. Para definir a estrutura organizacional e as relações formais das escolas foram utilizadas as análises de documentos, entrevistas e observações da pesquisadora. Para o mapeamento e caracterização das Redes Sociais Informais de Informação, Amizade e Confiança foi aplicado o questionário de Kuipers (1999) e Silva (2003), sendo os resultados obtidos pelo software Ucinet 6.0 em paralelo com o NetDraw, cujos sessenta e seis colaboradores da Escola Pública foram codificados por tipos de flores, e os setenta e três funcionários da Escola Privada denominados por árvores de nacionalidade brasileira. A fim de compreender as razões que justificam a citação de determinado ator, foi realizada entrevista semi-estruturada, baseada em Sozen (2012), com todos os participantes. A análise dos dados foi dividida em três categorias, sendo elas, dependência, motivos e consequências do não relacionamento, de modo a observar as relações de poder macro-estrutural e micro-comportamental existentes por meio da contagem de palavras por meio dos softwares NVivo e SAS. A partir dos graus de centralidades das Redes Sociais Informais identificaram-se os atores centrais e os papéis desempenhados de acordo com a classificação de Cross e Prusak (2002). Os principais resultados encontrados expõem que as redes das duas escolas analisadas denotam um alto potencial de relacionamento a ser desenvolvido. O tamanho e densidade das Redes Sociais Informais de Informação e Confiança foram maiores na Escola Privada, e a Rede Social Informal de Amizade foi superior na Escola Pública. Apesar de a Escola Pública utilizar mais contatos informais, a Escola Privada apresenta um maior número de grupos e subgrupos coesos. Confirma-se, portanto, a influência da estrutura formal na formação das relações informais, principalmente na Escola Privada, todavia, o fortalecimento dos laços não está sustentado apenas pelas atribuições do cargo, mas também pelas qualidades pessoais desses atores.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoilmaDO.pdf: 1497670 bytes, checksum: 6afa777694c5f707addc8aed7c410256 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study aid to understand the work conditions of street vendors located on the sidewalks of two malls in Brazil Northeast Natal / RN - Both malls Natal Shopping and Via Direta, to analyze their inclusion in the informal economy and to study the supposed autonomy provided by work as self-employment in its both aspects economic and social analyzing the importance on the condition of "masters of their own business" has for the street vendors, as an alternative to not submission to the figure of the boss, that represents the exploitation of one class over another. The theoretical and methodological aspects that support this study was aimed in discussion on the restructuring of production, considering its effects on the world of work, pointing to unemployment as one of the potencies element of excluded processes that exciting workers to engage in the informal market. Informality is presented as a survival strategy and as integrating part of the reproduction of capital. This research was conducted under a critical perspective, whish has been utilized quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results of this study format questions that provided during the research process the socio-economic characterization of workers, main cause of this study, and how street vendors expres their status of workers as self-employed for their work, and the perception that they have on their form of inclusion in the informal market. / O presente estudo objetiva apreender as condi??es de trabalho dos vendedores ambulantes situados nas cal?adas de dois shoppings de Natal/RN Natal Shopping e Via Direta, analisar a sua inser??o na informalidade e estudar o alcance da suposta autonomia proporcionada pelo trabalho por conta pr?pria, em seus aspectos econ?micos e sociais analisando a import?ncia que a condi??o de donos de seus pr?prios neg?cios tem para os camel?s, como alternativa ? n?o submiss?o ? figura do patr?o, que representa a explora??o de uma classe sobre a outra. Os aspectos te?ricometodol?gicos que d?o suporte a este estudo se pautaram na discuss?o sobre a reestrutura??o produtiva, considerando seus efeitos para o mundo do trabalho, apontando o desemprego como um dos elementos potenciadores dos processos excludentes que instigam os trabalhadores a se inserirem no mercado informal. A informalidade apresenta-se como estrat?gia de sobreviv?ncia e como parte integrante da reprodu??o do capital. Esta pesquisa foi realizada sob uma perspectiva cr?tica, tendo sido utilizadas abordagens quanti-qualitativas. Os resultados desse estudo formatam indaga??es que proporcionaram ao longo do processo de pesquisa a caracteriza??o s?cio-econ?mico dos trabalhadores, sujeitos deste estudo, e de como os vendedores expressam a sua condi??o de trabalhadores por conta pr?pria, e a percep??o que os mesmos possuem sobre sua forma de inser??o no mercado informal.

A partir de uma investigação empírica, esta pesquisa apresenta dados referentes à formação e atuação da Associação de Recicladores e Catadores de Esteio, a ARCA. Além disso, considerações sobre um processo de educação informal que se institui, inclusão social, relações humanas e trajetórias de vida até à ARCA reúnem-se neste trabalho. Outrossim, apontamentos sobre a problemática de consumo e de resíduos sólidos no planeta, tentam contextualizar a participação especial dos sujeitos naquilo que encaminha para a ruptura de paradigmas ambientalmente destrutivos. Também são descritos aspectos referentes à religiosidade, as relações de gênero, a família e afetos como forma de chamamento reflexivo sobre aquilo que se categoriza por cultural e/ou humano. / From an empirical inquiry, this research presents some information referring to the formation and performance of people, which their job is recycle and catch things, that is, garbage. They are from Esteio, the ARCA. Moreover, considerations about an informal education process which establishes itself, social inclusion, human relations and the history of lives till the ARCA are in this paper. In the same way, registers on a problematical related to the consumption and solids remains in the planet, try contextualize the especial participation of the guys that are being driven to the broken of paradigms environmentally baneful. What is more, are mentioned aspects related to religious, acquaintance of gender, the family and affects as a reflected whoop on what’s being characterized by human and or cultural.

End of Life Vehicles (ELVs) can act as a source of secondary raw materials at the same time can pose a severe threat to our ecosystem if the ELVs are handled unscientifically. Globally, abundant research is being carried out on obsolete vehicles to harness energy and to reduce negative impacts on the environment. India, characterized by an informal ELV handling sector has achieved material recovery and recycling efficiency up to some extent but lacks in the incorporation of eco-friendly management of ELVs, and this issue needs to be addressed along with the problems of social and economic sustainability of the firm. The research work is intended to study the prevailing status of ELV handling in India. The current situation is represented by comparing ELV handling capacities of various firms and future ELVs. Also, an assessment of shared responsibility of critical stakeholders is depicted using a radar chart, and relative importance of their involvement is represented. Research also presents a comparative study of ELV legislative policies of different countries. Linear regression is applied to predict the values of ELVs in major Indian cities. Suitable methodologies are employed to collect the required data, and the findings are discussed using illustrative graphs and tables.

p. 1-251 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-19T18:28:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 333333.pdf: 6884318 bytes, checksum: 23244a948ddce56c0ba112daccf34bcf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T18:20:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 333333.pdf: 6884318 bytes, checksum: 23244a948ddce56c0ba112daccf34bcf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T18:20:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333333.pdf: 6884318 bytes, checksum: 23244a948ddce56c0ba112daccf34bcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / O presente trabalho relata a aplicação da base conceitual e metodológica dos estudos sobre redes sociais informais (RSI) para propor, acompanhar e avaliar experiências de mudança organizacional. O trabalho, desenvolvido em uma empresa baiana que atua na área de tecnologia da informação - com 12 anos de mercado e com cerca de 60 colaboradores diretos - envolveu três etapas que corresponderam a um experimento. Na primeira, foi aplicado um questionário, para mapear as redes sociais informais. Na segunda etapa, apoiado nas informações levantadas e com a utilização dos diagramas gerados pelo software UCINET 6.0, em uma pesquisa histórica investigativa da empresa e no perfil profissional dos colaboradores, um conjunto de intervenções foi planejado. Durante o período de 12 meses, esse conjunto de mudanças foi introduzido na empresa. Na terceira etapa, uma nova bateria de questionário foi aplicada, objetivando avaliar as mudanças introduzidas, seus impactos nas RSI e como tais redes poderiam ajudar a compreender as dificuldades, ritmos e resultados dos processos de mudança. Ficou evidente, na primeira etapa, que os mecanismos de desdobramento dos assuntos estratégicos e da implementação das mudanças organizacionais não vinham reverberando na intensidade necessária para envolver a empresa como um todo. Após as intervenções pudemos constatar que todas as RSI estudadas apresentaram aumento na densidade e diminuição na distância entre os atores, bem como uma maior percepção, entendimento e expectativas do cenário das mudanças organizacionais, por parte dos atores, quando comparamos os resultados das etapas. Enfim, o estudo aponta claramente como o conhecimento das RSI pode possibilitar uma maior eficácia nos processos de mudanças organizacionais, ao tempo em que fornece uma metodologia para vincular os estudos desses dois fenômenos organizacionais. / Salvador