Orientador: Ricardo Luis Coltro Antunes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / O exemplar do AEL pertence a Coleção CPDS / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Duraes_BrunoJoseRodrigues_M.pdf: 705344 bytes, checksum: dc3185a640ee253ef90189d7c239f2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo central evidenciar e problematizar as condições precárias de trabalho dos trabalhadores de rua da cidade de Salvador em dois contextos díspares, um do final do século XIX (no contexto da abolição da escravidão) e o outro da atualidade (século XXI), evidenciando importantes elementos de similitudes, bem como, de incongruências. O problema que norteia a investigação proposta divide-se em dois. Pelo lado do século XIX ensejou-se responder a seguinte indagação: As formas de trabalho de rua de Salvador do final do século XIX representaram uma forma de trabalho avançada em relação a forma de trabalho predominante à época, a escrava? Por outro lado, referente às formas de trabalho de rua da atualidade, indagou-se: Serão estas formas de trabalho de rua atuais atrasadas em relação às formas de trabalho assalariado/formal da moderna produção capitalista, representando assim um retrocesso?Para responder a estas questões nos valemos do recurso da historiografia para o século XIX, compondo o cenário de vida e de trabalho das ruas da cidade de Salvador de finais deste século, utilizando de documentos e recortes de jornais históricos. Outrossim, para a atualidade usamos de uma pesquisa qualitativa com 191 trabalhadores de rua espalhados em diversos pontos da cidade de Salvador, e também de notícias em jornais. Estas bases permitiram compor duas paisagens de uma mesma cidade, em situações diferenciadas, mas que retratam formas similares de trabalho, principalmente, por estarem todas localizadas nas ruas da capital baiana. No século XIX os/as trabalhadores/as de rua eram denominadas de ganhadores/ganhadeiras e se encontravam ordenados/as em cantos delimitados na cidade. Hoje, são conhecidos/as como camelôs, vendedores/as ambulantes, informais e estão situados em todos os cantos da cidade, ainda com regulamentações, perseguições e ordenações, e uma máxima vem a tona, a saber, a busca frenética e incansável pela sobrevivência / Abstract: This present study has the main objective of evidence and discuss the precarious labour conditions of street workers on the city of Salvador in two different contexts, one is the end of the XIXth century (in the context of slavery abolition) and other is the present time (XXIth century), evidencing important elements of similarities, as well as, the incongruence. The problem that guides this inquiry is divided in two pieces. On the XIXth century, it was tried to answer the following investigation: the forms of street labour on Salvador's streets at the end of XIXth century had represented an advanced form of labour in comparison with the predominant form of labour at that time, the slave labour? On the other hand, referring to the forms of street labour at the present time, it was inquired: Have these current forms of street labour been less developed in comparison with the forms of formal wage-earning labour on the modern capitalist production, therefore, it represents a retrocession? To answer these questions, it was necessary the use of XIXth century historiography, to compose the scene of everyday life and work on the streets of Salvador at the end of this century, using documents and clippings of historical periodicals. So, on present time, we use a qualitative research with 191 street workers in diverse locations around the city of Salvador, and also clippings of actual periodicals. These bases had allowed composing two pictures of the same city, in differentiated situations, portraying similar forms of labour, all of it located on Salvador¿s streets. In XIXth century, the street workers were called of earners and they were found in delimited corners around the city. Today, they are knowed as ambulants, informal peddlers and sellers, and they are situated in all the corners around the city, still constrained by regulations, persecutions and ordinances, and a principle comes up: the frantic and untiring struggle for survival / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

Orientador: Angela Maria Carneiro Araujo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T06:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_EdmarAparecidodeBarrae_D.pdf: 4218800 bytes, checksum: 502aab55d01ffa10c75ae4ca8af4c957 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: As transformações no mundo do trabalho nos anos 70 e, sobretudo, a partir dos 80 e 90, resultaram em uma crise do fordismo e na consolidação de novas tendências no mundo do trabalho, caracterizadas por processos de redução do número de operários (trabalhadores industriais tradicionais), aumento da terceirização, heterogeneização crescente com a ampliação de mulheres operárias e intensificação da proletarização, caracterizada pelas novas modalidades contratuais que implicam em empregos precários e em tempo parcial. De modo geral, a literatura especializada tem apontado para o fato de que um dos principais impactos da reestruturação produtiva na dinâmica do mercado de trabalho e no cotidiano de vida dos trabalhadores é a crise do ¿trabalho protegido¿ e suas interfaces com o crescimento das atividades ¿informais¿. Nesse sentido, a grande questão que conduziu esta pesquisa se expressa nas seguintes inquietações: estão ocorrendo mudanças na informalidade da região central de Goiânia em função desse quadro de transformações? Em caso positivo, o que há de novo nessa nova informalidade? O que muda no perfil dos ambulantes? Quais novos processos caracterizariam sua inserção na economia? Como as mudanças produtivas, associadas às novas tecnologias, as têm afetado? A crise do emprego, a reestruturação produtiva e a precarização do mercado de trabalho formal contribuem para a constituição de uma nova heterogeneidade? Ainda, o que há de novo na relação desse setor informal da região central de Goiânia-GO com o poder público a partir dos anos 80 e 90? / Abstract: The transformations in the world of the work in the 70s and, over all, from the 80s and 90s, had resulted in a crisis of the ¿Fordism¿ and in the consolidation of new trends in the world of the work, characterized by processes of reduction of the number of laborers (traditional industrial workers), increase of the outsourcing process, increasing heterogeneity with the magnifying of women in labor and intensifying of the proletariat process, characterized by the new contractual modalities that imply in precarious jobs and partial time. In a general way, the specialized literature has pointed to the fact that one of the main impacts of the productive reorganization in the dynamics of the work trade and in the daily life of the workers is the crisis of the "protecting work" and its interfaces with the growth of "the informal" activities. In this direction, the great question that leads this research expresses itself in the following fidgets: are changes in the informality of the central region of Goiânia occurring in function of this kind of transformations? In positive case, what is new in this new informality? What does it change in the profile of the ambulant ones? What would new processes characterize their insertion in the economy? How have the productive changes, associated to the new technologies, affected them? Do the crisis of the job, the productive reorganization and the precarious conditions of the formal work trade contribute for the constitution of a new heterogeneity? And, what is new in the relation of this informal sector of the central region of Goiânia-GO with the public power from the 80s and 90s? / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Orientadores: Silvia Maria Santiago, Heleno Rodrigues Corrêa Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:46:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Balista_SalmaReginaRodrigues_D.pdf: 1242471 bytes, checksum: a390bf729fbf36857fc1e2cfd895467e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Essa pesquisa objetiva analisar a atenção em saúde ao trabalhador do mercado informal pelo SUS, no município de Campinas, SP. No mercado informal podem estar presentes riscos e incidências ainda maiores do que no mercado formal; soma-se a isso a falta de proteção previdenciária, o que os caracteriza como um grupo vulnerável, ao qual devem ser dirigidas ações de saúde. O SUS desempenha papel estratégico de inclusão, na medida em que se constitui em política pública com capilaridade capaz de oferecer a integralidade e a universalização da atenção à saúde dos trabalhadores, com ações individuais e coletivas, e estimular e promover o controle social por parte dos trabalhadores. Os objetivos do estudo são identificar quais as categorias de trabalhadores informais que mais demandam atenção em saúde no SUS Campinas, quais os serviços de saúde mais procurados, que ações de caráter individual e coletivo foram dirigidas aos trabalhadores, quais dificuldades os serviços têm em reconhecer o usuário como trabalhador do mercado informal, em notificar os agravos à saúde desses trabalhadores e em desenvolver ações para a atenção integral desse grupo. Pela complexidade da questão, a abordagem metodológica escolhida foi a triangulação de métodos. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são gestores e trabalhadores de saúde, dirigentes sindicais e trabalhadores informais. Para a coleta de dados, utilizamos inquérito em serviços de saúde com utilização de formulário e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados apontaram a atenção fragmentada; a inexistência de ações de vigilância em saúde voltadas para esse grupo; a forma solitária de construção do itinerário terapêutico pelo trabalhador, passando por vários tipos de serviços de saúde e tendo o serviço de urgência e emergência como importante porta de entrada do sistema; a importância do tempo para seu cuidado; a autonomia dos trabalhadores informais relacionada à sua recuperação para o trabalho; a existência de maior vínculo com profissionais de serviços de referência em reabilitação e saúde do trabalhador; o comprometimento do cuidado integral pela insuficiência da rede de atenção; solidariedade dos profissionais de saúde ao sofrimento / Abstract: This research analyzes the health care worker by SUS, in the informal market, in Campinas/SP. The informal market presents risks and implications even greater than in the formal market, besides that, there is lack of social security protection, which characterizes them as a vulnerable group, to which should be directed health actions. SUS plays the strategic role of inclusion, as it constitutes public policy with capillarity able to offer an integral and universal health care to the workers, with individual and collective actions, and to stimulate and promote social control by workers. The research objectives are to identify which categories of informal workers require more health care in SUS Campinas, which are the most searched health services, which individual and collective actions are done for workers, which difficulties the services have in recognizing the user as workers in the informal market, notifying the health problems of these workers and developing integral care for these workers. Due to the complexity of the issue, the methodological approach chosen was triangulation of methods. The subjects in this research were managers and health workers, union leaders and informal workers. To collect data, we used survey on health services with forms and semi-structured interviews. The results pointed to fragmented care; the lack of health surveillance actions aimed to this group; the lonely way the workers constructs their therapeutic itinerary , going through several types of health services and having the urgency and emergency department as important gateway system; the importance of time to their care; the autonomy of informal workers related to their recovery to work; the greater bond with professional reference services in rehabilitation and occupational health; the commitment of integral care by insufficient care network the solidarity of health professionals to suffering / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

La croissance du secteur informel en Algérie fait de celui-ci une composante structurelle de l’économie. Les controverses, déjà anciennes, sur son rôle (dynamique, marginal, parasitaire) se poursuivent et témoignent de la complexité du phénomène. L’objet de notre thèse consiste à analyser le secteur informel en Algérie, selon la définition du BIT, afin de comprendre s’il s’agit d’un secteur dynamique ou d’un secteur de subsistance. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une enquête représentative auprès d’un échantillon de 522 ménages dans la wilaya de Bejaia, soit près de 1000 actifs occupés. L’analyse en coupe instantanée des données de l’enquête, grâce à l’analyse factorielle des correspondances multiples et la régression logistique, a permis de cerner les caractéristiques saillantes des actifs (salariés et non salariés) du secteur informel et d’établir ainsi différentes typologies (informels purs vs. informels hybrides ; travailleuses à domicile couturières, sous-traitantes de pro duits alimentaires et prestataires de services) qui témoignent de son hétérogénéité (diversité des activités et des acteurs, degrés d’informalité variables, différenciation des revenus). L’analyse de la mobilité socioprofessionnelle des actifs informels met en évidence l’existence au sein du secteur informel d’une forte mobilité intra-sectorielle ascendante et une segmentation entre les micro-entrepreneurs non mobiles et les micro-entrepreneurs mobiles. Globalement, la faiblesse du capital humain, le faible niveau des revenus ainsi que la faiblesse des liens avec le reste de l’économie, tout en confortant la thèse de la segmentation entre les deux secteurs (formel et informel) et au sein du secteur informel lui-même, accréditent l’existence d’un secteur informel de subsistance. / The growing informal sector in Algeria has become a structural component of the economy. The old controversies on its role (dynamic, marginal or parasitic) are still going on and account for the complexity of the phenomenon. The subject matter of our thesis is to analyze the informal sector in Algeria, according to the ILO’s definition, in order to understand whether it is a dynamic or a subsistence sector. In this connection, we conducted a representative survey on a sample of 522 households in the wilaya of Bejaia, i.e. nearly 1000 employed workers. The cross-section analysis of the data, thanks to multivariate analysis (multiple correspondences) and the logistic regression, has identified the salient features of employees and self-employed of the informal sector. Thus, we distinguished various types (pure informal vs. hybrid informal; seamstresses, food sub-contractors and service providers homeworkers), which reflect its heterogeneity as regards the diversity of activitie s and actors, varying degrees of informality and income differentiation. The analysis of the informal workers’ mobility highlights strong intra-sectoral upward mobility within the informal sector and the segmentation between non-mobile and mobile self-employed. Low human capital and low income as well as weak linkages with the overall economy support the assumption of segmentation between the two sectors (formal and informal) as well as within the informal sector itself, but emphasize the existence of a large informal subsistence sector.

Since the Beijing Conference on women in 1995 ‘gender-mainstreaming’ has been the new buzz word within the international development regime. Gender equality is increasingly believed to be a major determinant for socioeconomic development in the Global South. However, the development agenda and the gender strategies for the Global South are still outlined and determined by development professionals at head quarters of the development business in the in the Global North. Heavy critique has been launched against the prevailing international development paradigm, not only for being increasingly centralised and categorised as business, which distances global policy from the lived realities in the Global South, but also for obscuring unequal power relations between men and women behind the political correctness of gender. This study explores how gender and gender power relations are perceived and approached in practical development work in India. Through the example of the Self-Employed Women’s Association, SEWA, my ambition is to give an example of how gender bias and social inequality can be targeted through practical socioeconomic development work in a way that is both context sensitive and sprung from the Global South. SEWA is a women’s organisation, as well as a trade union and a cooperative movement. Aiming at improving employment and social and economic security for the female workers in the informal sectors, SEWA has organised its 800 000 members and social security services into cooperatives to bring about a process of social transformation with women at the centre. My empirical findings show that SEWA approaches gender bias in concrete and particular forms. As gender discrimination and poverty are interconnected, dealing with low-income households’ basic socioeconomic needs will also restructure gender power relations. With a large member-base and with ties to NGOs, corporations and governmental bodies, regionally, nationally and internationally, SEWA has become a powerful actor for social development, even at times when they face heavy resistance due to their feminist principles and commitment to the poor and socially marginalised.

Trends towards ‘informalization’ are looming large in the world today. African cities have long been characterised by the presence of an ‘informal sector’ but are now experiencing new waves of ‘informalization’. Policies of liberalisation and structural adjustment are both changing the conditions under which urban dwellers make a living and encouraging states to abdicate from responsibilities for popular welfare. In this context, urbanites increasingly rely on informal ways of income earning and of social security provisioning. This book is about processes of ‘informalization’ in the West African city of Bissau in Guinea-Bissau. It begins with a historical account of the way conditions of informality have evolved through the encounter of locally specific forms of informal relations with colonialism and the socialist era. This is followed by an analysis of how disadvantaged groups who rely on informal ways of provisioning are faring in the context of contemporary changes. The study looks at both the informal income-generating activities and the social networks that urbanites engage in to sustain their income activities and their consumption. It seeks to assess whether these groups are coping with these wider changes or are becoming marginalised from networks of assistance and from activities that provide sufficient incomes. The social relations pervading access to support and livelihood resources as well as the informal rules governing such access are in focus. Forms of regulation in the informal sphere are also discussed. / <p>This thesis won the prize of “Best doctoral thesis in the Social Sciences at Stockholm University in 2001-2002”. Författaren är numera verksam vid Nordiska Afrikainstitutet</p>

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2017. / This study explored humanistic management philosophy in governance with specific reference to Port Shepstone minibus taxi industry, KwaZulu-Natal. The study arose from a concern that there is no governance model which addresses the challenges of small businesses. Informal businesses like minibus taxi industry are facing a phletora of challenges, namely fatal accidents, corruption and fraud, disregard of stakeholders, taxi wars, poor service delivery and failure by the government to formalise the sector. The study discusses humanistic management philosophy in governance using Ubuntu theory as the theoretical framework. The researcher adopted the mixed method methodology which is embedded in the post- positivist research paradigm. The post-positivist research paradigm explains the way things are and views objectivity as an ideal that can never be achieved, however research should be conducted with greater awareness of subjectivity. By combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies (Triangulation mixed method approach), it assisted the study to strike a balance and avoid being subjective on issues of humanistic management leadership, humanistic management strategy, humanistic management culture and humanistic management ethics. The research methods used in this study include questionnaires, interviews and observations. The findings from qualitative and quantitative data were integrated to come up with a generalisation. The findings of the study showed that there are limitations in the implementation of humanistic management philosophy for minibus taxi industry governance. Although the minibus taxi leaders were aware of their humanistic management leadership role and responsibilities, they were not applying them. The Minibus taxi industry leadership were applying non humanistic management leadership styles. Moreover, humanistic management strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation were not being done. Humanistic management ethics were found to be a challenge within the minibus taxi industry when governing their businesses. The study revealed that the minibus taxi industry was adopting a different culture from their community which affected their humanistic management culture and the reputation of the minibus taxi industry governance. This was not inline with the Ubuntu principles practised by the society in which the minibus taxi industry operated. Possible areas for future research were highlighted and recommendations were made, for example the researcher recommends minibus taxi operators should be educated on humanistic management philosophy in governance which makes their businesses legitimate in society’s view. Minibus taxi operators should be encouraged to use stakeholder approach in the humanistic management strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. Support and monitoring systems should be in place for proper implementation of code of conducts. Whistleblowers should be protected by the taxi associations and the police force. A humanistic management culture should be developed and implemented with the incorporation of community inputs. The taxi association should develop and enforce a human resource policy to safeguard the interests of the minibus taxi industry employees. The study identified a possible alternative model for the implementation of humanistic management philosophy in governance. The model can be applied to all informal and formal sectors. / D

M.Tech. (Architectural Technology) / The City of Johannesburg has no formal recycling strategy and waste is simply dumped as collected in designated landfill sites. Yet these landfill sites, reportedly, will be good for no more than another eight years. Throughout the city there is an informal network of waste collectors commonly known as trolley pushers who, together with the private buy-back and recycle centres, form the only real system of recycling in Johannesburg. There is no infrastructure for the trolley pushers, men and women who perform a vital function. There are no dedicated spaces and very little tolerance from the residents of Johannesburg. The trolley pushers sleep amongst their collection of waste, or travel far to start each day in the very early hours of the morning. They roll their improvised trolleys full of goods in the street among the traffic of commuters, hindering and being hindered. They store their messy waste, when they can in unsafe and public spaces, such as under bridges and on the side of some roads. Storage is such a problem for trolley pushers that often they’re forced to sell their goods as soon as they collect them, when the fluctuating prices may be too low. They are always essentially at the mercy of the privately-owned buyback centres. Their days are long and they have no ablution facilities, no designated space to catch their breath, eat, obtain drinking water, network or socialise. This project is about changing that by facilitating the informal recycling sector, providing the convenient infrastructure without formalising the process. The term ‘convenient’ in this context encompasses spaces close to the buy-back centre, with low tech, low maintenance, mixed-use facilities. These facilities include secure sorting and storage spaces, sleeping, ablution and social spaces. The essence of this project is to encourage, empower and improve work and income potential in the informal waste recycling sector through simple, appropriate architectural interventions that are essentially selfmaintaining.

M.Com. (Marketing Management) / The majority of resources in the distribution channels for the perishable market in South Africa, have mostly been directed towards the formal sector. Since macro statistics showed that the informal sector's growth rate is 5 % to the 0,5 % per annum for the formal sector, companies have started to allocate resources towards distribution channels in the informal sector. Distribution channels in the informal sector are mainly characterised by two factors: Firstly a lack of knowledge concerning distribution channel management and strategies by the perishable market and in particular the organisation that was selected as focus, namely Sacca, and secondly, a lack of workable systems and infrastructure. The purpose of this study is, firstly to determine the level of distribution channel management in the perishable market of Southern Africa. This will enable organisations to formulate a framework for a distribution channel strategy to develop the informal sector. Secondly, to determine the potential of such a distribution channel into the informal sector. The methodology used to meet the above mentioned objectives consisted of a literature survey that defined the study and set out the current state of knowledge on the subject. Secondly field visits were conducted with business leaders from Sacca and with leaders in the field of informal sector studies to collect specific information on selected issues. Personal observation followed with a comparative analysis of Sacca in the areas of channel management and strategies were carried out. The major findings of the study are, firstly that traditional channel management is still being practised by the majority of organisations. Organisations are not correctly positioned to create the necessary structure whereof responsibility is a part. Secondly trends can be identify to make it easier for the organisation to enter the market. Thirdly organisations have limited knowledge about the informal sector's structure, opportunities and threats. Lastly that the importance of a distribution channel strategy framework can never be overestimated.

The main objective of the study was to analyze the potential tax collection from the informal rental housing market in Zambia, using household level rental housing data collected for the Lusaka Urban District by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) as a basis for computation and extrapolation to the national level. This data was used to analyze household monthly expenditure on housing (rent), the total number of households in rented accommodation, and the tax regime applicable on rental income, to estimate the potential tax revenue that could be realized from this emerging sector. The estimates indicate that about K9.7 billion revenue could be collected on income from rental housing in Lusaka Urban District alone and a total of K83 billion nationally per annum. This represents about 0.4 percent of the country’s GDP in 2007. Compliance needs to be improved and legislation revised to ensure that the landlords are compelled to remit tax to the Zambia Revenue Authority. The current legislation makes enforcement and compliance difficult as it places the statutory tax burden on tenants, who are very mobile. It is, therefore, recommended that the landlord is made responsible for the payment of taxes due on rental income and that any compliance requirements be enforced against the real estate/property that is generating the income. This study also examines the performance of the presumptive taxation regime in Zambia The study uses data from the Zambia Revenue Authority on revenue collection from presumptive taxes which were introduced to capture income from the informal sectors. The presumptive taxes already introduced in Zambia include: base tax, advance income tax and turnover tax for minibuses and taxi operators. To analyze the performance of the presumptive tax regime, the study utilizes data on imports made by those not registered for taxes, to estimate how much revenue could be generated by imposing a 3 percent turnover tax on the value of their imports at importation. The analysis shows that the Zambia Revenue Authority increased revenue collection from K5.3 billion in 2004 to K33.5 billion in 2007. This improvement in revenue collection is far below the potential, however, which is estimated at over K501 billion on imports of unregistered traders alone. To collect this revenue and expand the tax base, the tax authority needs to improve the administration of advance income tax on unregistered importers, and raise the advance income tax rate to a level where the importer is indifferent between paying the advance tax at the border and paying turnover tax inland.