The present work has been focused on the growth of Group III-nitride epitaxial layers and nanostructures on Si (111) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Silicon is regarded as a promising substrate for III-nitrides, since it is available in large quantity, at low cost and compatible to microelectronics device processing. However, three-dimensional island growth is unavoidable for the direct growth of GaN on Si (111) because of the extreme lattice and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch. To overcome these difficulties, by introducing β-Si3N4 buffer layer, the yellow luminescence free GaN can be grow on Si (111) substrate. The overall research work carried out in the present study comprises of five main parts. In the first part, high quality, crack free and smooth surface of GaN and InN epilayers were grown on Si(111) substrate using the substrate nitridation process. Crystalline quality and surface roughness of the GaN and InN layers are extremely sensitive to nitridation conditions such as nitridation temperature and time. Raman and PL studies indicate that the GaN film obtained by the nitridation sequences has less tensile stress and optically good. The optical band gaps of InN are obtained between ~0.73 to 0.78 eV and the blueshift of absorption edge can be induced by background electron concentration. The higher electron concentration brings in the larger blueshift, due to a possible Burstein–Moss effect. InN epilayers were also grown on GaN/Si(111) substrate by varying the growth parameters such as indium flux, substrate temperature and RF power. In the second part, InGaN/Si, GaN/Si3N4/n-Si and InN/Si3N4/n-Si heterostructures were fabricated and temperature dependent electrical transport behaviors were studied. Current density-voltage plots (J-V-T) of InGaN/Si heterostructure revealed that the ideality factor and Schottky barrier height are temperature dependent and the incorrect values of the Richardson’s constant produced, suggests an inhomogeneous barrier at the heterostructure interface. The higher value of the ideality factor compared to the ideal value and its temperature dependence suggest that the current transport is primarily dominated by thermionic field emission rather than thermionic emission. The valence band offset of GaN/β-Si3N4/Si and InGaN/Si heterojunctions were determined by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. InN QDs on Si(111) substrate by droplet epitaxy and S-K growth method were grown in the third part. Single-crystalline structure of InN QDs (droplet epitaxy) was verified by TEM and the chemical bonding configurations of InN QDs were examined by XPS. The interdigitated electrode pattern was created and (I-V) characteristics of InN QDs were studied in a metal–semiconductor–metal configuration in the temperature range of 80–300 K. The I-V characteristics of lateral grown InN QDs were explained by using the trap model. A systematic manipulation of the morphology, optical emission and structural properties of InN/Si (111) QDs (S-K method) is demonstrated by changing the growth kinetics parameters such as flux rate and growth time. The growth kinetics of the QDs has been studied through the scaling method and observed that the distribution of dot sizes, for samples grown under varying conditions, has followed the scaling function. In the fourth part, InN nanorods (NRs) were grown on Si(111) and current transport properties of NRs/Si heterojunctions were studied. The rapid rise and decay of infrared on/off characteristics of InN NRs/Si heterojunction indicate that the device is highly sensitive to the IR light. Self-aligned GaN nanodots were grown on semi-insulating Si(111) substrate. The interdigitated electrode pattern was created on nanodots using photolithography and dark as well as UV photocurrent were studied. Surface band gaps of InN QDs were estimated from scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) I-V curves in the last part. It is found that band gap is strongly dependent on the size of InN QDs. The observed size-dependent STS band gap energy blueshifts as the QD’s diameter or height was reduced.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Physics / Hongxing Jiang / InGaN based, blue and green light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been successfully produced over the past decade. But the progress of these LEDs is often limited by the fundamental problems of InGaN such as differences in lattice constants, thermal expansion coefficients and physical properties between InN and GaN. This difficulty could be addressed by studying pure InN and In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN alloys. In this context Ga-rich In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN (x≤ 0.4) epilayers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN films with x= 0.37 had single phase. Phase separation occurred for x ~ 0.4. To understand the issue of phase separation in Ga-rich In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN, studies on growth of pure InN and In-rich In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN alloys were carried out. InN and In-rich In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN (x~0.97- 0.40) epilayers were grown on AlN/Al[subscript]2O[subscript]3 templates. A Hall mobility of 1400 cm[superscript]2/Vs with a carrier concentration of 7x1018cm[superscript]-3 was observed for InN epilayers grown on AlN templates. Photoluminescence (PL)emission spectra revealed a band to band emission peak at ~0.75 eV for InN. This peak shifted to 1.15 eV when In content was varied from 1.0 to 0.63 in In-rich In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN epilayers. After growth parameter optimization of In- rich In[subscript]xGa[subscript]1-xN alloys with (x= 0.97-0.40) were successfully grown without phase separation. Effects of Mg doping on the PL properties of InN epilayers grown on GaN/Al[subscript]2O[subscript]3 templates were investigated. An emission line at ~ 0.76 eV, which was absent in undoped InN epilayers and was about 60 meV below the band edge emission peak at ~ 0.82 eV, was observed to be the dominant emission in Mg-doped InN epilayers. PL peak position and the temperature dependent emission intensity corroborated each other and suggested that Mg acceptor level in InN is about 60 meV above the valance band maximum. Strain effects on the emission properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were studied using a single blue LED wafer possessing a continuous variation in compressive strain. EL emission peak position of LEDs varies linearly with the biaxial strain; a coefficient of 19 meV/GPa, characterizes the relationship between the band gap energy and biaxial stress of In[subscript]0.2Ga[subscript]0.8N/GaN MQWs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Harley Anderson de Souza.pdf: 3543478 bytes, checksum: 5ea6954f2ac93dbc3cc592905a9e6eb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-26 / Present study analyzes Natural Conditionants responsible to decay rock paintings in caverns. Two archaeological sites named GO-JA-03 and GO-JA-04 were selected. Chosen areas are situated on a Particular Reserve of Natural Patrimony (RPPN), Inn of Araras (Macaw Inn) on Serranópolis, a city located 450 Km distant from Goiânia, at Southwest of Goiás, Brazil. Both archaeological sites are ancient rock paints representations of Botucatu Rock Formation. First site is a cave with 80 meters length to 64 meters height and 6 to 14 deep known as Grotto of Araras. Second site is a small cave with 10 meters length to 8 meters height named Grotto of Paredão (Great Wall Cave). Serranópolis City area roused researchers and archaeology students due to rock paintings and figures that covers sandstones caves and present ancient human occupation, dated from 11 thousand years B.P. to XX century. These sites are one of the most important and riches from Brazil to study human arrival and hunters populations from Holocene period. These areas are 500 to 900 meters height from sea level and have rock shelters localized in Botucatu Sandstone that represents thick archaeological layers and walls decorated with paintings and figures (SCHMITZ et al, 2004). It analyzes it of the processes of intemperism in the shelters of the Inn of Araras evidences that the physical, chemical factors and biological they must be seen in set, a time that has association of these factors, being able to be treated as factors of intemperismo. The existing forms of physical imtemperism are relief of pressure, crystallization and thermal expansion. The disintegration of the rock is a factor of extreme relevance as for ruspestres paintings, a time that is represented in a film of the easily erodivel rock. The breakings originated for the temperature variation, easily identified in the area of the Inn of Araras, are one of the main factors of comprometimento of rupestres paintings and the stability of the shewlters. This breakings make possible occurrence of movements for gravity, of falls of block (blocks that if they unfasten of the bulk in free fall), falling of blocks (it is characterized for the rotation of the block in fall) and desplacamento (characterize for the unfastening of chips or plates of rocks). The characteristic rections of the chemical intemperism as hidratação, dissolution, hydrolysis, oxidation and acidólise are not treated separately, but yes in set. The pluvial waters, in the context of the shelters can destroy paintings or to mask the original pigmentação from the leaching processes that promote the formation of spots or horozontes with the colors esmaecidas and claras. The biological factors they are enclosed those related the vegetation, such as seaweed, liquens, mosees, bacteria, raízes and plants and also those related the action of animals (insects, bats, birds and rodents). The microbianos processes can provoke the degradation of the rocks, modifying amongst other factors, the solidity and the permeability of the rock. The identified factors of the intemperism in grottos are boarded in biological, chemical and physical as the intensity of occurrence. In function of the tourist potencial of the region, wll have to be developedactions come back toward the protection grottos and rupestrian painting,associating them it the structural conditioning of the area, demanding a boarding to muitidiscipline and specific financial tesources toward the preservating of grottos. The measures of protection to be acquired for the preservation of grottos must be developed by a team to muiltidiscipline, counting on the support of the public power and still of the private sector. / Esta dissertação propõe-se a realizar uma análise dos condicionantes naturais responsáveis pelo desgaste de pinturas rupestres e dos abrigos sob rocha. Na área da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Pousada das Araras, no município de Serranópolis, Sudoeste de Goiás, distante cerca de 450 Km de Goiânia. Foram escolhidos dois sítios arqueológicos, denominados GO-JA-03 e GO-JA-04, com representações rupestres em abrigos de rocha da Formação Botucatu. O primeiro sítio, conhecido como Gruta das Araras , é um abrigo de cerca de 80 metros de extensão e aproximadamente 64 metros de altura, com profundidade entre 6 a 14 metros, que cobre praticamente todo o lado leste da base da torre. O segundo sítio conhecido como Gruta do Paredão , é um pequeno abrigo de cerca de 10 metros de abertura por 8 metros de altura. A área do município de Serranópolis despertou a atenção de estudiosos em decorrência da variedade de pinturas e gravuras rupestres que cobrem os paredões de arenito e ainda por apresentar uma ocupação humana antiga, que data de aproximadamente 11.000 anos A.P. até o início do século XX. É uma das áreas arqueológicas mais ricas e importantes do Brasil para o estudo da chegada do homem e das populações caçadoras do período Holoceno. Como altitudes entre 500 e 950 metros, a área possui abrigos rochosos, localizados no arenito Botucatu, que apresentam espessas camadas arqueológicas e paredes decoradas com pinturas e gravuras (SCHMITZ et al., 2004). A analise dos processos de intemperismo nos abrigos da Pousada das Araras evidencia que os fatores físicos, químicos e biológicos devem ser vistos em conjunto, uma vez que há associação destes fatores, podendo ser tratados como fatores de intemperismo. As formas de intemperismo físico existentes são alívio de pressão, cristalização e expansão térmica. A desintegração da rocha é um fator de extrema relevância no que se refere às pinturas rupestres, uma vez que está representada em uma película da rocha facilmente erodível. As fraturas originadas pela variação de temperatura, facilmente identificadas na área da Pousada das Araras, são um dos principais fatores de comprometimento das pinturas rupestres e da estabilidade dos abrigos. Estas fraturas possibilitam a ocorrência de movimentos por gravidade, de quedas de bloco (blocos que se desprendem do maciço em queda livre), tombamento de blocos (caracteriza-se pela rotação do bloco em queda) e desplacamento (caracteriza-se pelo desprendimento de lascas ou placas de rochas). As reações características do intemperismo químico como hidratação, dissolução, hidrólise, oxidação e acidólise não são tratadas separadamente, mas sim em conjunto. As águas pluviais, no contexto dos abrigos podem destruir as pinturas ou mascarar a pigmentação original a partir dos processos de lixiviação que promove a formação de manchas ou horizontes com as cores mais esmaecidas e claras. Nos fatores biológicos estão incluídos aqueles relacionados à vegetação, tais como algas, liquens, musgos, bactérias, raízes e plantas e também aqueles relacionados a ação de animais (insetos, morcegos, aves e roedores). Os processos microbianos podem provocar a degradação das rochas, alterando dentre outros fatores, a solidez e a permeabilidade da rocha. Os fatores do intemperismo identificados nas grutas estão abordados em grupos biológicos, químicos e físicos, conforme a intensidade das ocorrências. Em função do potencial turístico da região, deverão ser desenvolvidas ações voltadas para a proteção das grutas e das pinturas rupestres, associando-as ao condicionamento estrutural da área (padrão de fraturamento), exigindo uma abordagem multidisciplinar e recursos financeiros específicos para a preservação das grutas. As medidas de proteção a serem adotadas para a preservação das grutas devem ser desenvolvidas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, contando com o apoio do poder público (Prefeitura Municipal de Serranópolis e Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional) e ainda do setor privado (Pousada das Araras e empresas patrocinadoras).

Background: The hospitality industry, especially the hotel business, is a relatively new, and rapidly growing industry in Lithuania. The last two decades resulted in a significant expansion of the local hotel market, as well as of operations of international hotel chains. Thus, competition among actors in the industry, along with the companies’ need to differentiate their offerings from those of competitors, has risen. Branding strategies are increasingly used by companies for achieving better positioning on the market, as well as for gaining a competitive advantage and customers’ loyalty. Knowing that global brands play an important role for firms’ visibility on the market, it is important to recognize, and understand the factors influencing marketing management- and branding-related activities. To accomplish this, an in-depth understanding behind the structure and branding strategies of international hotel chains should be developed. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand the rationale behind the structure, and operations of international hotel operators in Lithuania, with a focus on the hotels’ branding strategies. Furthermore, the thesis aims to investigate how companies use their brand identity to position themselves in the market. Methodology: This thesis relies on a qualitative research, with a main focus on discovery, and aim to expand current knowledge in the field of hospitality management and branding within the Lithuanian hotel industry. The study consists of an in-depth case study of three international hotel chains operating in Lithuania. The empirical data was gathered from semi-structured, and e-mail interviews with the chosen hotels’ representatives, as well as from secondary data such as annual reports and official websites.   Conclusion: Three key findings are presented in this thesis. First of all, the authors identify business travelers as the main target group of the selected international hotel operators in Vilnius. Secondly, the examined hotel operators are recognized to standardize their structure and operations, but at the same time to customize their marketing strategies to the local market. Finally, the findings indicate that some hotels completely incorporate the brand identity of the chain, which they belong to, while others develop their own brand identity, relying only partly on the identity of the chain. Contributions: This thesis positively contributes to the academic community, as it expands the theoretical knowledge about the Lithuanian hotels industry, with a main focus on the branding- and marketing activities of international hotel chains. The findings provide a practical insight on how companies are positioned in the market in relation to their competitors. Moreover, with an extensive choice of accommodation available in the market, the comparison of hotels is beneficial in helping customers choosing the best alternative according to their needs.

This study focuses on interpreting the archaeological evidence from the Huddleston House farmstead, in Wayne County, Indiana. Four generations of Huddleston families called the farmstead their home. A diachronic perspective is used to reconstruct the historic landscape and economic changes over time. This thesis uses statistical analysis of data contained within primary documents to gain historical context. Fluctuating economic conditions and the passing of the frontier greatly influenced local and regional roles within the larger global economy. This thesis explains the effects these changes had on farm families like the Huddlestons. Local economic trends are established through documentary analysis. Exploring the level of congruence between the Huddleston family and the local trend, and then using that information to interpret the archaeological evidence was the goal of this research. In addition, archaeological evidence is used to link specific households to specific deposits. / Theory and methods -- Regional culture history and literature review -- Huddleston extended family history -- Historical context : nineteenth century regional and global agricultural trend -- Historical context : reconstructing local econmic trends -- Archaeological analysis -- Secondary analysis and interpretatio. / Department of Anthropology

En raison de leurs applications prometteuses dans les domaines de l'optoélectronique et de l'électronique, les semiconducteurs III-V à base d'azote: les nitrures (AlN, GaN, InN) et leurs alliages (InAlN, InGaN, AlGaN), font l'objet, depuis les années 1990, d'une activité intense en recherche et développement. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié les propriétés structurales des couches d'InN et de l'alliage InAlN dans les hétérostructures InAlN/AlN/GaN et InAlN/GaN en combinant les techniques AFM, IBA, DRXHR, Raman et MET. L'étude des couches d'InN a été menée par DRX afin de déterminer la contrainte résiduelle, et on a cherché à faire une corrélation avec la morphologie des surfaces par AFM. Les contraintes résiduelles obtenues par DRX ont été comparées aux résultats de spectroscopie Raman, et on a pu montrer que toutes les couches avaient une contrainte résiduelle qui n'est pas purement bi-axiale. Les hétérostructures InAlN pour transistors à haute mobilité électronique (HEMTs) sont des couches ultraminces de quelques monocouches atomiques à plusieurs dizaines de nanomètres d'épaisseur. De plus, leur structure peut être assez complexe dans le but d'optimiser le gaz d'électrons généré dans le canal du transistor. Dans l'idéal, on utilise une concentration en indium autour de 17%, qui est celle de l'accord de paramètres cristallins avec le GaN. Nos travaux ont mis en évidence qu'il n'est pas facile de contrôler la composition locale; en effet la structure et morphologie des couches sont très sensibles aux conditions de croissance.

8-band k.p theory was applied to bulk GaN and InN. The optical transitionintensity was computed and results show > 80-90% degree of polarization inthe direction of compression. Polarization switching is observed when strainwas reversed from compressive to tensile. 6 band k.p theory was used tostudy InGaN quantum dot/GaN elliptical pyramid structures. The opticaltransition intensity was calculated for different elongations of the pyramid.Elongation of the pyramid gives rise to a small polarization in the directionof the pyramid elongation. The optical transition intensity was calculatedfor elongated quantum dots and was strongly in uencing the polarization inthe direction of the quantum dot elongation, with a degree of polarization of >90%.

Ce mémoire se compose d’une analyse narrative de deux nouvelles fantastiques par Guy de Maupassant : L’Auberge et la seconde version du Horla. La narration du premier de ces contes est extradiégétique, ce qui signifie que le narrateur se trouve en dehors de l’univers fictif. Le deuxième texte, en revanche, est un exemple d’une narration intradiégétique – le narrateur est donc un personnage du récit. Le but principal de l’étude est d’examiner comment le discours du narrateur, selon qu’il est extradiégétique ou intradiégétique, influence la perception des récits et des protagonistes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous identifions d’abord quelques stratégies narratives qui sont employées dans les nouvelles afin d’évoquer l’hésitation du lecteur et ainsi créer l’effet fantastique. Nous observons que, suivant le mode de la narration, extradiégétique ou intradiégétique, les stratégies narratives utilisées sont de différentes natures. Elles coopèrent toutefois pour créer un sentiment d’hésitation au lecteur et conduisent donc celui-ci à considérer l’existence du surnaturel dans le monde diégétique. Enfin, nous montrons de plus près comment le discours du narrateur influence la manière dont le lecteur considère le comportement des personnages principaux ainsi que leur santé mentale. Nous voyons que dans tous les deux textes, il n’y a aucun doute que le protagoniste devient finalement fou. Cependant, tandis que le savoir du narrateur omniscient aide enfin le lecteur à résoudre le mystère fantastique dans L’Auberge, le mystère n’est jamais résolu dans Le Horla. Cela semble être attribué à la perception et au savoir limité du narrateur intradiégétique. / This essay consists of a structural narrative analysis of two fantastic short stories by Guy de Maupassant: The Inn and the second version of The Horla. In the first of these stories the narration is extradiegetic, meaning that the narrator is positioned outside the fictional world. The second text, on the other hand, is an example of an intradiegetic narration – the narrator is thus a character in the story. The overall aim of the study is to investigate how the discourse of the narrator, whether he is extradiegetic or intradiegetic, influences the perception of the stories and the protagonists. In order to meet this aim, we start by identifying some narrative strategies which are applied in the stories in order to evoke the reader’s hesitation and, thereby, create the fantastic effect. Depending on whether the narration is extradiegetic or intradiegetic, it is observed that these strategies differ from each other. Nevertheless, they work together to awaken the reader’s hesitation, leading him thus to consider the existence of the supernatural in the diegetic world. Finally, it is revealed how the discourse of the narrator influences the way the reader perceives the behavior of the protagonists as well as their sanity. In both texts, there is no doubt that the protagonist eventually loses his mind. However, while the knowledge of the omniscient narrator finally helps the reader to solve the fantastic mystery in The Inn, the mystery is never resolved in The Horla. This seems to be a consequence of the limited perception and knowledge of the intradiegetic narrator.

Plus de 40 ans après la découverte de la technologie des hybridomes, une soixantaine d’anticorps monoclonaux thérapeutiques IgG ou assimilés sont aujourd’hui commercialisés. Leur succès découle de leur humanisation, en particulier celle de la portion Fc qui dérive de différents variants humains naturels, isotypes et allotypes. Depuis quelques années, apparaissent sur le marché de nombreux anticorps comportant des portions Fc artificiellement modifiées dans le but de moduler diverses propriétés pharmacologiques (propriétés cytolytiques, demi-vie, stabilité, etc.), dont certaines ont été particulièrement étudiées suite aux travaux de notre équipe. Les variants Fc sont protégés par des technologies brevetées dont on connaît mal l’étendue, qui ne font pas nécessairement l’objet de publications scientifiques, et dont la raison d’être reste méconnue des chercheurs et plus encore des professionnels de santé. Nous avons donc entrepris de réaliser une cartographie et une analyse fine des brevets traitant des modifications dans la portion Fc des IgG. Cette analyse a été menée de front avec une étude bibliographique détaillée, car les données scientifiques décrites dans les brevets sont toujours à considérer avec prudence, les demandes de brevets n’étant pas revues par des pairs. Nous avons eu l’occasion d’ailleurs d’épingler certaines dérives, comme celle de considérer qu’il pourrait y avoir plus de 4 sous-classes d’IgG dans l’espèce humaine (jusqu’à 19 dans certaines revendications…). / More than 40 years after the discovery of the hybridoma technology, around sixty therapeutic monoclonal antibodies based on IgG or assimilated are marketed today. Their success comes from their humanization, especially of the Fc portion derived from various natural human variants, isotypes and allotypes. For some years, many antibodies artificially modified in their Fc portions have emerged, in order to alter various pharmacological properties (cytolitic properties, half-life, stability, etc.), some of them having been particularly studied following the works of our team. Fc variants are covered by patented technologies of which little is known about the extent, which are not necessarily the subject of scientific publications, and whose purpose remains unknown for researchers and even more for health professionals. We therefore undertook to realize a landscape and a detailed analysis of patents dealing with modifications in the Fc portion of IgG. This analysis has been conducted in front with a detailed literature survey, since the scientific data described in patents must be treated with caution, as patent application are not peer reviewed. We actually point certain abuses, such as to consider that there might be more than four human IgG subclasses (up to 19 in some claims…).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia Cristina Petri.pdf: 1199355 bytes, checksum: 25e61b6271a78f1de2adf44d1e344a7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / I propose a reflection on the question of work in coffee plantations in São Paulo and how the discussions, which have sought alternantives for the rural labor with the end of slavery, were conducted. We can not say that immigration was a consensus among the farmers, by contrast, throughout the period that it was present, immigration was the target of criticism from different parts of society. The time clipping has, in Immigration Promoted Society, a mounting of the whole apparatus around the arrival of immigrants, through the correspondence sent by their relatives and friends. is in chronological Society Promoting Immigration This aspect is what makes difference between the immigrant project from the other ones which were set previously, or even in the period of its operation, that is, even being the link of the significant immigrant influx, Promoter is going to take as prerogative an indication to immigrate. Only listed families, that were under the auspices of the project, therefore, is a grant program for immigration, only through it is that the subsidy was paid, both for those who immigrated under his responsibility, as the spontaneous who requesting reimbursement or even those who traveled with the encouragement of the general government / Proponho uma reflexão sobre a questão do trabalho na lavoura cafeeira paulista e como foram conduzidos os debates que buscavam alternativas para o trabalho rural com fim da escravidão. Não podemos afirmar que a imigração foi um consenso entre os produtores rurais, pelo contrário, durante todo o período que esteve presente foi alvo de críticas de diferentes setores da sociedade. O recorte cronológico tem na Sociedade Promotora de Imigração a montagem de todo aparato em torno da vinda dos imigrantes, através das correspondencias enviadas pelos seus parentes e amigos. Esse aspecto é o que diferencia seu projeto imigrantista dos que foram estabelecidos anteriormente ou, até, no período de seu funcionamento, ou seja, mesmo sendo o elo da significativa corrente imigratória a Promotora vai adotar como prerrogativa a indicação para imigrar. Somente famílias, indicadas, é que estavam sob a tutela do projeto, portanto, é um programa de subvenção para a imigração, somente por meio dela é que o subsídio era pago, tanto para aqueles que imigravam sob sua responsabilidade, como os espontâneos que solicitavam reembolso ou mesmo aqueles que viajavam com o incentivo do governo geral