Background: Glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated by hormones secreted within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The most important are insulin and glucagon produced by beta and alpha cells respectively. Changes in beta cell mass and/or their functional deficit can lead to hyperglycemia, a major hallmark of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). Moreover, a dysregulation in glucagon secretion is thought to also play a major role in patients with diabetes, suggesting a failure in the counterregulatory mechanisms of glucose homeostasis in disease pathogenesis. Dysfunction at the alpha cell level in T1D manifests are blunt glucagon response to low glucose levels, which can cause severe hypoglycemic events in patients with T1D. Furthermore, exaggerated glucagon responses to glucose or amino acid intake significantly contributes to dysglycemia in both T1D and T2D patients. Most of our knowledge about glucagon and alpha cell physiology in the human setting was generated using in vivo systemic assessments or in vitro investigations of isolated human islets or dispersed single cells. Despite the increasing knowledge regarding alpha cells and glucagon biology, the underlying mechanisms of alpha cell dysfunction are still uncertain. Studies on alpha cell physiology were hindered by limited human tissue accessibility, technical methodologies and translational value of findings from rodents to humans. To fill the gap between the currently available in vivo and in vitro approaches and a more precise understanding of mechanisms of diabetes pathogenesis detailed investigation of islet cells within their native environment is needed. Aim The overall objective of this thesis was characterize alpha cell function in diabetes pathogenesis. To this end, the human pancreas slice preparation would to be adapted and advanced for the study of alpha cell physiology. These adjustments would be then used to investigate changes in alpha cell mass and function in T1D and T2D. Methods: Pancreas tissue slices were prepared from donor organs with and without T1D and from tissue donors after pancreatectomy at different stages of T2D. Immunofluorescent staining with subsequent 3D morphometry was used to quantify alpha cell volumes from 120μm thick tissue slices. Furthermore, human tissue slices were subjected to dynamic slice perifusion for the assessment of glucagon and insulin secretion kinetics in response to specific stimuli. Finally, functional and morphometrical analysis was performed on the same tissue slices to enable direct correlation of glucagon secretion and alpha cell volume in a subset of cases in the context of T1D. Results: Here we developed a semi-automatic 3D approach to quantify total endocrine cell volumes within a given volume of pancreas tissue. In addition, we established an in situ method for dynamic insulin release measurements from islets preserved in their native environment. We successfully modified this protocol to allow the measurement of glucagon release in slices from organ donors. After further optimizations, we were additionally able to also measure alpha cell function from surgical specimens after pancreatectomy. To gain insight into alpha cell pathophysiology in T1D we investigated alpha cell volume in donor organs with different disease duration and age at onset. Alpha cell volumes in slices of individuals with T1D did not show a dramatic change (neither increase nor decrease) in comparison to slices generated from non-diabetic (ND) pancreata. Furthermore, functional assessment of glucagon release using a specific stimulation protocol for alpha cells suggests preserved stimulatory capacity of these cells in slices from autoantibody positive donors. Interestingly, this is also the case in the so far studied slices from donors with different durations of diabetes. Nevertheless, normalization of secreted glucagon to the total alpha cell mass within the slice indicated reduced glucagon release in the here investigated two cases of T1D. In the context of T2D, 3D morphometrical analysis revealed that overall endocrine cell volume, including alpha cell volume, is maintained in our cohort of IGT and T2D individuals. Glucagon release can also be measured in tissue procured from patients undergoing pancreatectomy, given the presence of amino acids in the perifusion media and increased trypsin inhibitors. While we provided proof of concept using tissue from ND individuals, we are confident that the approach will give valuable insight in different states of diabetes. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that human pancreas tissue slices represent a complementary platform to study alpha cell pathophysiology in both major types of diabetes. We provide evidence that this approach can be used to study alpha cell pathophysiology in T1D and T2D. Our preliminary data indicates no defect in the stimulatory capacity in slices from Aab+ and T1D donors, however more cases need to be investigated given the heterogeneous nature of the disease. We anticipate that the here proposed protocol for measurement of glucagon release from tissue slices will help us to gain insight in the role of alpha cells in diabetes pathophysiology. / Hintergrund: Die Aufrechterhaltung der Glukosehomöostase wird durch die Hormonsekretion der Langerhans’schen Inseln im Pankreas reguliert. Die wichtigste Rolle hierbei spielen die Insulin-produzierenden Betazellen und die Glukagon-produzierenden Alphazellen. Der Verlust der Betazellmasse und/oder der Funktion kann zur Entwicklung einer Hyperglykämie führen, die ein Hauptmerkmal des Typ 1 (T1D) und Typ 2 (T2D) Diabetes ist. Darüber hinaus wird vermutet, dass auch der Mechanismus der Gegenregulierung durch die Sekretion von Glukagon eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese des Diabetes spielt. Während eine fehlende Glukagonsekretion zu schweren hypoglykämischen Phasen bei Typ 1 Diabetikern führen kann, geht man zusätzlich davon aus, dass eine erhöhte Reaktivität von Alphazellen sowohl auf Glukose als auch Aminosäuren ebenfalls zum Verlust der Glukosehomöostase im T1D und T2D beitragen kann. Trotz der stetig wachsenden Erkenntnisse über die Physiologie der Alphazellen, die vor allem durch systemische Untersuchungen in vivo oder an isolierten Langerhans’schen Inseln und Einzelzellen in vitro durchgeführt wurden, sind die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen für deren Fehlfunktion beim Menschen noch nicht eindeutig aufgeklärt. Dies beruht hauptsächlich auf nur bedingt vorhandenem humanem Gewebe, technischen Schwierigkeiten bei der Isolation der Zellen, sowie der nur bedingten Vergleichbarkeit zu Studien in Nagern. Um diese Wissenslücken zwischen in vivo und in vitro Studien schließen zu können, ist es notwendig detaillierte Untersuchungen der Zellen unter nahezu physiologischen Bedingungen und in der nativen Umgebung der Pankreas in situ durchzuführen, um Alphazell-spezifische Mechanismen in der Diabetespathogenese genauer beleuchten zu können. Ziele: Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, durch Anpassung und Weiterentwicklung der Technik zur Gewinnung von Gewebeschnitten des humanen Pankreas, die Funktion der Alphazellen sowohl unter physiologischen Bedingungen als auch in der Entwicklung des T1D und T2D genauer zu charakterisieren. Methoden: Zur Untersuchungen von Alphazellen in Gewebeschnitten in situ wurden Gewebestücke sowohl von Organspendern mit und ohne T1D, sowie von metabolisch charakterisierter Patienten in verschiedenen Stadien der T2D Pathogenese nach einer Pankreatektomie verwendet. Die aus dem Gewebe gewonnenen 120 μm dicken Schnitte wurden zum einen für immunhistochemischer Färbungen verwendet, die eine 3-dimensionale morphometrische Analyse der Alphazellmasse ermöglichen. Ferner wurden Schnitte zur Ermittlung der Kinetik von Glukagon- und Insulinsekretion nach Stimulation mittels Perifusion benutzt. Schließlich wurden sowohl die morphologischen als auch funktionellen Analysen auf denselben Gewebeschnitten durchgeführt, um die Funktion der Alphazellen mit deren Masse besser korrelieren zu können. Ergebnisse: Zusätzlich zur Mitentwicklung eines halbautomatisierten Verfahrens zur 3D Analyse von endokrinen Zellvolumina in Gewebeschnitten des Pankreas wurde die bereits vorhandene Methode zur Messung der Insulinsekretionskinetik weiterentwickelt. Außerdem erfolgte die Etablierung adäquater Protokolle zur Messung der Glukagonsekretion in humanen Gewebeschnitten, die im Kontext beider Diabetestypen verwendet wurden. Um einen besseren Einblick in die T1D Pathogenese zu erhalten, wurde das Alphazellvolumen- und die Funktion in Gewebeschnitten von Organspendern mit unterschiedlichem Diabetes Verlauf (Alter bei Diagnose, Dauer seit Diagnose) mit nicht-diabetischen, aber Autoantikörper-positiven Spendern und nicht-diabetische Kontrollen verglichen. In Bezug auf das Alphazellvolumen waren zwischen den einzelnen Gruppen keine Unterschiede zu erkennen, die auf Veränderungen in der Entwicklung und Manifestation des T1D hinweisen. Darüber hinaus ergab die funktionelle Analyse, dass die Glukagonsekretion in nicht-diabetischen, Autoantikörper-positiven Spendern erhalten bleibt. Dies konnte zusätzlich auch in den bisher untersuchten Geweben von Typ 1 Diabetikern nachgewiesen werden, obwohl die Volumen-normalisierte Sekretion auf eine geringere Glukagonausschüttung hindeutet. Im Hinblick auf die T2D Pathogenese konnte bei der 3D Morphometrie von Nichtdiabetikern, Patienten mit beeinträchtigter Glukosetoleranz und Typ 2 Diabetikern keinerlei Unterschiede in den endokrinen Zellvolumina festgestellt werden. Durch die Anpassung der Konditionen für die Perifusion von reseziertem Gewebe konnte bei Nichtdiabetikern die erfolgreiche Messung der Glukagonsekretion gezeigt werden und ermöglicht zukünftig auch die Untersuchung einer möglichen Alphazelldysfunktion in der Entwicklung eines T2D. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass die etablierte Plattform zur morphologischen und funktionellen Analyse humaner Pankreasgewebeschnitte in situ eine wichtige Rolle in der Untersuchung der Alphazellen in der Diabetes-Pathogenese spielt. Die bisher erhobenen Daten zur Untersuchung des T1D haben gezeigt, dass die Kapazität der Glukagonsekretion nicht signifikant verändert ist. Aufgrund des heterogenen Krankheitsverlaufs beider Diabetesformen ist es jedoch notwendig Gewebe von einer größeren Anzahl an Spendern/Patienten zu untersuchen, um einen besseren Einblick in die Rolle der Alphazellen in der Entstehung des Diabetes zu erhalten.

No description available.

Thesis (D.Lett.)--Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 1961. / Includes bibliographical references.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes is associated with autoantibodies to different organs that include the gut. The objective of the study was to determine the risk of developing gastric parietal cell autoimmunity in relation to other autoimmunity in individuals with a family history of type 1 diabetes. Methods: Autoantibodies to the parietal cell autoantigen, H+/K+ ATPase subunit A (ATP4A) was measured in 2218 first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes, who were prospectively followed from birth for a median of 14.5 years. All were also tested regularly for the development of islet autoantibodies, transglutaminase autoantibodies, and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. Results: The cumulative risk to develop ATP4A autoantibodies was 8.1% (95% CI, 6.6–9.6) by age 20 years with a maximum incidence observed at age 2 years. Risk was increased in females (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3–2.8; p = 0.0004), relatives with the HLA DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8 genotype (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.9–5.9; p < 0.0001) and in participants who also had thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.5– 5.5; p < 0.0001). Risk for at least one of ATP4A-, islet-, transglutaminase-, or thyroid peroxidase-autoantibodies was 24.7% (95% CI, 22.6–26.7) by age 20 years and was 47.3% (95% CI, 41.3–53.3) in relatives who had an HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8, DR4-DQ8/ DR4-DQ8, or DR3/DR3 genotype (p < 0.0001 vs. other genotypes). Conclusions: Relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who have risk genotypes are at very high risk for the development of autoimmunity against gastric and other organs.

No description available.

The variety of middle-class speakers in St. John’s conforms to some degree to mainland Canadian-English pronunciation norms, but in complex and distinctive ways (Clarke, 1985, 1991, 2010; D’Arcy, 2005; Hollett, 2006). One as yet unresolved question is whether speakers of this variety participate in the Canadian Shift (cf. Clarke, 2012; Chambers, 2012), a chain shift of the lax front vowels that has been confirmed for many different regions of Canada (e.g. Roeder and Gardner, 2013, for Thunder Bay and Toronto, Sadlier-Brown and Tamminga, 2008, for Halifax and Vancouver). While acoustic phonetic analyses of St. John’s English are rare, some claims have been made that urban St. John’s speakers do not participate in the shift, based on two or six speakers (Labov, Ash & Boberg, 2006; Boberg 2010). Other researchers with larger data sets suggest that younger St. John’s speakers participate in mainland Canadians innovations to different degrees than mainlanders (e.g. Hollett, 2006). The Canadian Shift has not been uniformly defined, but agreement exists that with the low-back merger in place, BATH/TRAP retracts and consequently DRESS lowers. Clarke et al. (1995), unlike Labov et al. (2006), assert that KIT is subsequently lowered. Boberg (2005, 2010), however, emphasizes retraction of KIT and DRESS and suggests unrelated parallel shifts instead. In this PhD thesis, I demonstrate the presence of the Canadian Shift in St. John’s, NL, conforming to Clarke et al.’s (1995) original proposal. In my stratified randomly-sampled data (approx. 10,000 vowels, 34 interviewees, stratified as to age, gender, socioeconomic status, and “local-ness”), results from Euclidean distance measures, correlation coefficients, and linear, as well as logistic, mixed-effects regression show that (1) young St. John’s speakers clearly participate in the shift; and that (2) age has the strongest and a linear effect. Continuous modeling of age yields even more significant results for participation in a classic chain shift (6% decrease in lowering per added year). My findings also confirm that the change seems to have entered the system via formal styles (cf. Clarke, 1991, 2010, for TRAP in St. John’s). Traditionally, the linguistic homogeneity on a phonetic level of the Canadian middle class has been explained by Canada’s settlement and migration patterns of the North American Loyalists from Ontario to the west (cf. Chambers, 2009). Newfoundland’s settlement is distinct, in that the British and the Irish were the only two relevant sources. If settlement were the only crucial reason for a shared pronunciation of Canada’s middle class from Vancouver to St. John’s, the Canadian Shift should be absent in the latter region. I suggest three reasons for middle-class St. John’s’ participation in the Canadian Shift: 1) Newfoundland’s 300-year-old rural-urban divide as a result of its isolation, through which British/Irish features are attributed to rural und lower social class speakers; 2) the development of the oil industry since the 1990’s, through which social networks changed according to the perception of social distance/closeness; and 3) the importance of the linguistic marketplace, which is high in St. John’s due to 1) and 2).

The variety of middle-class speakers in St. John’s conforms to some degree to mainland Canadian-English pronunciation norms, but in complex and distinctive ways (Clarke, 1985, 1991, 2010; D’Arcy, 2005; Hollett, 2006). One as yet unresolved question is whether speakers of this variety participate in the Canadian Shift (cf. Clarke, 2012; Chambers, 2012), a chain shift of the lax front vowels that has been confirmed for many different regions of Canada (e.g. Roeder and Gardner, 2013, for Thunder Bay and Toronto, Sadlier-Brown and Tamminga, 2008, for Halifax and Vancouver). While acoustic phonetic analyses of St. John’s English are rare, some claims have been made that urban St. John’s speakers do not participate in the shift, based on two or six speakers (Labov, Ash & Boberg, 2006; Boberg 2010). Other researchers with larger data sets suggest that younger St. John’s speakers participate in mainland Canadians innovations to different degrees than mainlanders (e.g. Hollett, 2006). The Canadian Shift has not been uniformly defined, but agreement exists that with the low-back merger in place, BATH/TRAP retracts and consequently DRESS lowers. Clarke et al. (1995), unlike Labov et al. (2006), assert that KIT is subsequently lowered. Boberg (2005, 2010), however, emphasizes retraction of KIT and DRESS and suggests unrelated parallel shifts instead. In this PhD thesis, I demonstrate the presence of the Canadian Shift in St. John’s, NL, conforming to Clarke et al.’s (1995) original proposal. In my stratified randomly-sampled data (approx. 10,000 vowels, 34 interviewees, stratified as to age, gender, socioeconomic status, and “local-ness”), results from Euclidean distance measures, correlation coefficients, and linear, as well as logistic, mixed-effects regression show that (1) young St. John’s speakers clearly participate in the shift; and that (2) age has the strongest and a linear effect. Continuous modeling of age yields even more significant results for participation in a classic chain shift (6% decrease in lowering per added year). My findings also confirm that the change seems to have entered the system via formal styles (cf. Clarke, 1991, 2010, for TRAP in St. John’s). Traditionally, the linguistic homogeneity on a phonetic level of the Canadian middle class has been explained by Canada’s settlement and migration patterns of the North American Loyalists from Ontario to the west (cf. Chambers, 2009). Newfoundland’s settlement is distinct, in that the British and the Irish were the only two relevant sources. If settlement were the only crucial reason for a shared pronunciation of Canada’s middle class from Vancouver to St. John’s, the Canadian Shift should be absent in the latter region. I suggest three reasons for middle-class St. John’s’ participation in the Canadian Shift: 1) Newfoundland’s 300-year-old rural-urban divide as a result of its isolation, through which British/Irish features are attributed to rural und lower social class speakers; 2) the development of the oil industry since the 1990’s, through which social networks changed according to the perception of social distance/closeness; and 3) the importance of the linguistic marketplace, which is high in St. John’s due to 1) and 2).:List of Tables viii List of Figures x 0 Prologue – Variationist Sociolinguistics 1 1 Introduction 27 2 English-speaking Canada and its Vowel Shifts 31 3 Newfoundland and its Englishes 77 4 Data and Methodology 107 5 Analysis and Discussion 243 6 Conclusion 363 Bibliography 375 Appendices 409 A Interview Questionnaire 409 B Normality Tests per Speaker and Age Group 423 C Vowel Plot of Median Formant Values 433 D Results for the Assumptions of T-tests 435 E Results from Decision Trees and Optimal Binning 439 F Results from Regression Analyses 449 G Résumé 457 H Deutsche Zusammenfassung der Dissertation 461 I Eidestattliche Erklärung zur Eigenständigkeit 469

Die steigende Nachfrage nach Synchrotronstrahlungsanlagen hat zu einem stetig wachsenden Angebot auf der ganzen Welt geführt. Die wissenschaftliche Nutzergemeinde der Speicherring-basierten Lichtquellen benötigt immer höhere Brightness und viele sind auch an speziellen Zeitstrukturen der Strahlung, wie kurzen Pulslängen und bestimmten Wiederholungsraten, interessiert. Dies hat zu einer kontinuierlichen Verbesserung bestehender und zum Bau vieler neuer Anlagen geführt. Das Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) betreibt den Berlin Electron Storage Ring Society for SYnchrotron Radiation (BESSY) II, eine Lichtquelle dritter Generation. Der Betrieb der Speicherring basierten Lichtquelle BESSY II nahe der transversalen, optischen Resonanz dritter Ordnung mit Transverse Resonance Island Buckets (TRIBs) Optik ermöglicht die Speicherung von Strom auf einer zweiten, stabilen Umlaufbahn. Der zweite Orbit windet sich im transversalen x-x′-Phasenraum über drei Umläufe um den Kernorbit und hat somit etwa den dreifachen Arbeitspunkt des Kernstrahls. Der stabile Inselorbit bietet die Möglichkeit, die Elektronen für jeden der 400, von der 500 MHz BESSY II Radio Frequency (RF) Kavität definierten, Buckets, fast beliebig zwischen dem Kern und den drei zugehörigen TRIBs zu verteilen. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Bunchtrennung. Durch Bevölkerung eines Orbits mit wenigen Elektronenpaketen, kann dieser dediziert für zeitaufgelöste Experimente genutzt werden. Es erhalten alle Strahlrohre mit hinreichender Akzeptanz die Möglichkeit, zeitaufgelöste Experimente durchzuführen. Die Bunchtrennung wird durch Ausrichtung der Strahlrohre auf den gewünschten Orbit erreicht. Somit stellt dieser Betriebsmodus eine Möglichkeit dar, die Timing-Fähigkeiten der BESSY II-Anlage und Speicherringbasierter Lichtquellen im Allgemeinen weiter auszubauen. / The increasing demand for synchrotron radiation facilities has led to a continuously increasing offer around the world. The scientific user community of storage-ring-based light sources requires ever-higher brightness and many are also interested in special time structures of the radiation such as short pulse lengths and certain repetition rates. This has led to continuous upgrades of existing and the construction of many new machines around the world. The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) operates the third generation light source Berlin Electron Storage Ring Society for SYnchrotron Radiation (BESSY) II. Operation of the storage-ring-based light source BESSY II in proximity of the third-order, transverse, optical tune resonance with Transverse Resonance Island Buckets (TRIBs) optics enables storage of current on a second stable orbit winding around the core orbit in the transverse x-x′ -phase space. This second orbit closes after three revolutions, resulting in a tune approximately three times that of the core tune. The stable island orbit provides the possibility to populate each of the 400 Radio Frequency (RF) buckets, defined by the 500 MHz cavities at BESSY II not only on the core but also additionally or exclusively on one or all three of the corresponding transverse island buckets of the threefold island orbit. This provides unique bunch separation possibilities with the appropriate population of each orbit. The population of one orbit with single bunches enables dedicated utilisation of this orbit for timing experiments and gives all beamlines with sufficient acceptance access to time-resolved experiments. The bunch separation is realised by aligning each beamline with the desired orbit. Thus, this operation mode represents a possibility to enhance the timing capabilities at BESSY II and storage ring based light sources in general.

The advent of unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) as disruptive technology has a lasting impact on remote sensing, geophysics and most geosciences. Small, lightweight, and low-cost UAS enable researchers and surveyors to acquire earth observation data in higher spatial and spectral resolution as compared to airborne and satellite data. UAS-based applications range from rapid topographic mapping using photogrammetric techniques to hyperspectral and geophysical measurements of surface and subsurface geology. UAS surveys contribute to identifying metal deposits, monitoring of mine sites and can reveal arising environmental issues associated with mining. Further, affordable UAS technology will boost exploration data availability and expertise in the global south. This thesis investigates the application of UAS-based multi-sensor data for mineral exploration, in particular the integration of hyperspectral imagers, magnetometers and digital cameras (covering the visible red, green, blue light spectrum). UAS-based research is maturing, however the aforementioned methods are not unified effectively. RGB-based photogrammetry is used to investigate topography and surface texture. Image spectrometers measure mineral-specific surface signatures. Magnetometers detect geomagnetic field changes caused by magnetic minerals at surface and depth. The integration of such UAS sensor-based methods in this thesis augments exploration potential with non-invasive, high-resolution, safe, rapid and practical survey methods. UAS-based surveying acquired, processed and integrated data from three distinct test sites. The sites are located in Finland (Fe-Ti-V at Otanmäki; apatite at Siilinjärvi) and Greenland (Ni-Cu-PGE at Qullissat, Disko Island) and were chosen as geologically diverse areas in subarctic to arctic environments. Restricted accessibility, unfavourable atmospheric conditions, dark rocks, debris and vegetation cover and low solar illumination were common features. While the topography in Finland was moderately flat, a steep landscape challenged the Greenland field work. These restraints meant that acquisitions varied from site to site and how data was integrated and interpreted is dependent on the commodity of interest. Iron-based spectral absorption and magnetic mineral response were detected using hyperspectral and magnetic surveying in Otanmäki. Multi-sensor-based image feature detection and classification combined with magnetic forward modelling enabled seamless geologic mapping in Siilinjärvi. Detailed magnetic inversion and multispectral photogrammetry led to the construction of a comprehensive 3D model of magmatic exploration targets in Greenland. Ground truth at different intensity was employed to verify UAS-based data interpretations during all case studies. Laboratory analysis was applied when deemed necessary to acquire geologic-mineralogic validation (e.g., X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy for mineral identification to establish lithologic domains, magnetic susceptibility measurements for subsurface modelling), for example for trace amounts of magnetite in carbonatite (Siilinjärvi) and native iron occurrence in basalt (Qullissat). Technical achievements were the integration of a multicopter-based prototype fluxgate-magnetometer data from different survey altitudes with ground truth, and a feasibility study with a high-speed multispectral image system for fixed-wing UAS. The employed case studies transfer the experiences made towards general recommendations for UAS application-based multi-sensor integration. This thesis highlights the feasibility of UAS-based surveying at target scale (1–50 km2) and solidifies versatile survey approaches for multi-sensor integration. / Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Potenzial einer Drohnen-basierten Mineralexploration mit Multisensor-Datenintegration unter Verwendung optisch-spektroskopischer und magnetischer Methoden zu untersuchen, um u. a. übertragbare Arbeitsabläufe zu erstellen. Die untersuchte Literatur legt nahe, dass Drohnen-basierte Bildspektroskopie und magnetische Sensoren ein ausgereiftes technologisches Niveau erreichen und erhebliches Potenzial für die Anwendungsentwicklung bieten, aber es noch keine ausreichende Synergie von hyperspektralen und magnetischen Methoden gibt. Diese Arbeit umfasste drei Fallstudien, bei denen die Drohnengestützte Vermessung von geologischen Zielen in subarktischen bis arktischen Regionen angewendet wurde. Eine Kombination von Drohnen-Technologie mit RGB, Multi- und Hyperspektralkameras und Magnetometern ist vorteilhaft und schuf die Grundlage für eine integrierte Modellierung in den Fallstudien. Die Untersuchungen wurden in einem Gelände mit flacher und zerklüfteter Topografie, verdeckten Zielen und unter oft schlechten Lichtverhältnissen durchgeführt. Unter diesen Bedingungen war es das Ziel, die Anwendbarkeit von Drohnen-basierten Multisensordaten in verschiedenen Explorationsumgebungen zu bewerten. Hochauflösende Oberflächenbilder und Untergrundinformationen aus der Magnetik wurden fusioniert und gemeinsam interpretiert, dabei war eine selektive Gesteinsprobennahme und Analyse ein wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Arbeit und für die Validierung notwendig. Für eine Eisenerzlagerstätte wurde eine einfache Ressourcenschätzung durchgeführt, indem Magnetik, bildspektroskopisch-basierte Indizes und 2D-Strukturinterpretation integriert wurden. Fotogrammetrische 3D-Modellierung, magnetisches forward-modelling und hyperspektrale Klassifizierungen wurden für eine Karbonatit-Intrusion angewendet, um einen kompletten Explorationsabschnitt zu erfassen. Eine Vektorinversion von magnetischen Daten von Disko Island, Grönland, wurden genutzt, um großräumige 3D-Modelle von undifferenzierten Erdrutschblöcken zu erstellen, sowie diese zu identifizieren und zu vermessen. Die integrierte spektrale und magnetische Kartierung in komplexen Gebieten verbesserte die Erkennungsrate und räumliche Auflösung von Erkundungszielen und reduzierte Zeit, Aufwand und benötigtes Probenmaterial für eine komplexe Interpretation. Der Prototyp einer Multispektralkamera, gebaut für eine Starrflügler-Drohne für die schnelle Vermessung, wurde entwickelt, erfolgreich getestet und zum Teil ausgewertet. Die vorgelegte Arbeit zeigt die Vorteile und Potenziale von Multisensor-Drohnen als praktisches, leichtes, sicheres, schnelles und komfortabel einsetzbares geowissenschaftliches Werkzeug, um digitale Modelle für präzise Rohstofferkundung und geologische Kartierung zu erstellen.