In this report, problems regarding the retrieving, measuring, and analysis of data when analysing marketing effects in the web analytics tool Google Analytics will be discussed. A correct setup, configuration, maintenance, campaign tracking and the understanding of the data in Google Analytics is essential to be able to achieve relevant insights. This is important since many Swedish marketing departments experience issues related to their setup of Google Analytics as well as the ongoing configuration and maintenance. A literature study has been conducted to gather information, focusing on collecting theories from researchers and experts in the field of web analytics and marketing analytics. Google Analytics data and reports from several Swedish companies have been studied to gain a deep understanding of how the tool is used for the measuring and analysis of the marketing effects. Interviews with marketing department and media bureau/agency employees have been conducted and analysed in a qualitative manner. A thematic analysis of the interviews has been done, resulting in 8 themes which are presented in the result section. The result has been analysed and discussed in relation to the theory. The interviews showed that there is a difference in knowledge and experience between the senior and junior analysts, and that there is a significant learning curve when working in Google Analytics. The junior analysts trusted the data, and did not know about campaign tracking and filters, in contrast to the senior analysts, who did not trust the data as a control mechanism, and did work with campaign tracking and filters. Furthermore, the senior analysts had more understanding of the data models in Google Analytics, such as attribution models, which are known to show different stories based on which attribution model is being used. The conclusions are four capabilities that address a need for more and better control over the setup and over the data, a wider use of campaign tracking, and wider knowledge of the data and the data models in Google Analytics, and of the business the organisation is conducting, to be able to gain relevant insights. / I den här rapporten diskuteras problemen med att insamla, mäta och analysera data vid analys av marknadseffekter i webbanalys-verktyget Google Analytics. Korrekt installation, konfiguration, underhåll, kampanjspårning och förståelsen av datan i Google Analytics är viktigt för att kunna uppnå relevanta insikter. Detta är viktigt eftersom att många svenska marknadsföringsavdelningar upplever problem i samband med installationen av Google Analytics samt den pågående konfigurationen och underhållet av data som ska mätas och analyseras. En litteraturstudie har gjorts för att samla in information, med inriktning på att samla teori från forskare och experter inom webbanalys och marknadsanalys. Google Analytics-data och rapporter från flera svenska företag har studerats för att få en djupare förståelse för hur verktyget används för att mäta och analysera marknadsföringseffekter. Intervjuer med medarbetare på marknadsavdelningar och mediebyråer har genomförts och analyserats på ett kvalitativt sätt. En tematisk analys av intervjuerna har gjorts, vilket resulterat i 8 teman som presenteras i resultatavsnittet. Resultatet har analyserats och diskuterats i förhållande till teorin. Intervjuerna visade att det finns skillnad i kunskap och erfarenhet mellan seniora och juniora analytiker, och att det finns en signifikant inlärningskurva när en arbetar i Google Analytics. De juniora analytikerna litade på datan och tillämpade inte kampanjspårning och filter i motsats till de seniora analytikerna som inte litade på datan som en kontrollmekanism, samt tillämpade kampanjspårning och filter. Vidare hade de seniora analytikerna större förståelse för datamodellerna i Google Analytics, till exempel attributionsmodeller, som är kända för att indikera olika saker baserat på vilken modell som används. Slutsatserna är fyra förmågor som relaterar till ett behov av mer och bättre kontroll över datan och installationen av Google Analytics, en bredare användning av kampajspårning, bredare kunskaper om både datan och de olika datamodellerna i Google Analytics, och verksamheten som organisationen utför för att kunna tillskansa sig relevanta insikter som är lämpliga att grunda beslut utifrån.

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) of Agenda 2030 calls for an increase in the use of renewable energy sources, among other targets. The percentage of fossil fuel-fired thermal generation for electricity is increasingly being reduced as renewable energy technologies (RET) advance in cost-competitiveness, and as greenhouse gas and industrial air pollutant emission limits become more stringent. In certain cases, renewable energy contributes to energy security by improving a nation’s trade balance, since local resources are harnessed and imports are reduced. RET investments are becoming more frequent gaining a sizeable share in the electric power mix of numerous countries. However, RET is affected by existing fossil fuel-fired electricity generation, especially in countries that have domestic reserves. While coal may be dirty, others such as natural gas provide multiple benefits, presenting a challenge to renewables. Additionally, RET endowment varies for each geographical location. This often does not correspond to the location of major electricity demand centers.  Therefore, large scale RET adoption and integration becomes logistically more cumbersome, as it necessitates existence of a developed grid network. Utilizing a series of analyses in two different settings – Africa and Cyprus – this thesis draws insights on RET growth policy and the level of technology representation in long term energy models. In order to capture specific challenges of RET integration, enhancements in traditional long-term energy system models are called for and carried out.  The case of Africa is used to assess adoption of RET under various trade scenarios. It is home to some of the world’s greatest RET resource potential and the single largest potential RET project, Grand Inga.  While, the island of Cyprus has goals of introducing large percentages of RET into its electric power mix. Each have important idiosyncrasies which are reflected in the analysis. On the one hand, natural gas competes with RET in Cyprus and forms a key transition fuel away from oil. On the other hand, lack of cross-border interconnectors limit RET project development across Africa. / <p>QC 20170519</p>

Der Umgang mit Modellen gehört zu einem durch Naturwissenschaften und Technik geprägten Alltag. Zur Förderung der Modellkompetenz von Schülerinnen und Schülern beschreibt ein theoriegeleitet formuliertes Kompetenzmodell, in welche Inhalte Modellkompetenz strukturiert ist und wie diese Inhalte graduiert sind. Diese Beschreibung von Modellkompetenz wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit empirisch geprüft. Hierzu wird ein Itempool benötigt, der das Kompetenzmodell adäquat repräsentiert und dessen Bearbeitung als Indikator von Modellkompetenz interpretierbar ist. Beide Kriterien wurden neben psychometrischen Qualitätskriterien im Prozess der Testkonstruktion geprüft. 40 Multiple-Choice Items, die diesen Kriterien genügten, wurden von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis 10 bearbeitet. Eine Analyse dieser Daten mit mit IRT-Modellen diente der empirischen Überprüfung der Strukturierung und Graduierung von Modellkompetenz. Darüber hinaus wurden die Unterschiede in den Personenfähigkeiten zwischen den Jahrgangsstufen und die diskriminante und konvergente Validität von Modellkompetenz betrachtet. Es zeigte sich, dass die Indizien für eine eindimensionale Struktur von Modellkompetenz überwiegen. Die Niveaus sowie die Personenfähigkeiten in den untersuchten Jahrgangsstufen unterscheiden sich empirisch signifikant voneinander. Während sich Modellkompetenz in einer diskriminanten Validierung von allgemeinen kognitiven Fähigkeiten und Lesefähigkeiten sinnvoll abgrenzen lässt, bleibt das Bild für die konvergente Validierung noch unklar. Diese Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der theoretischen Grundlagen sowie mit Blick auf Implikationen für den Unterricht und weitere Forschungsprojekte diskutiert. / Science and technology belong to everyday life. It therefore requires the ability of dealing with models. To foster students’ model competence, a theoretical cognitive model structures and grades different aspects of model competence. The present research project aims at testing this description of model competence empirically. The empirical testing of a theoretical cognitive model requires psychometrically proven items that represent the cognitive model adequately. Furthermore, the results of the test should be interpretable as indication of the competence tested. These critera – among psychometric criteria – were included in the test and item construction which led to 40 multiple-choice items. Students in grades 7 to 10 dealt with this item pool. The data were analyzed with IRT models to check the structure and graduation of model competence empirically. Moreover, the differences in skills among grades as well as the discriminant and convergent validity of model competence were considered. Most of the empirical evidence points to a one-dimensional structure model of competence. The levels as well as the skills in the tested grades differed significantly. While model competence was distinguishable from general cognitive ability and reading skills in terms of discriminant validation, the picture remains unclear for the convergent validation. These findings are discussed with regard to the background of the theoretical basis as well as to implications for teaching and further research.

Le diazonamide A, molécule naturelle extraite d’une ascidie marine, présente une activité antitumorale très importante (IC₅₀ < 5 nM) selon un mode d’action tout à fait original. Des études ont en effet prouvé que cette molécule inhibait une enzyme, l’Ornithine-d-aminotransferase, intervenant dans la réplication cellulaire des cellules cancéreuses faisant d’elle un poison du fuseau mitotique très sélectif. Cette molécule présente en son sein un cœur benzofuroindoline qui serait issu, d’un point de vue biogénétique, d’un couplage oxydant entre un noyau indole et un noyau phénol. Afin de développer une méthode générale de synthèse d’analogues simplifiés du diazonamide A, nous avons mis au point une voie d’accès efficace et simple au noyau benzofuroindoline. Ce projet nous a permis de mettre en place une stratégie en 3 étapes à partir d’indoles acétylés et de phénols qui permettent l’obtention de benzofuroindolines. La première étape est une réaction d’hydroarylation sur la double liaison C₂-C₃ de l’indole médiée par le trichlorure de fer. Cette première étape met en avant une réactivité tout à fait inhabituelle du noyau indole en rendant la position 3 de cet hétérocycle, électrophile. Grâce à cette stratégie, nous avons pu obtenir une librairie importante de benzofuroindolines dont certaines présentent une activité biologique encourageante. La seconde partie de ces travaux de thèse ont porté sur une étude plus approfondie de la réaction d’hydroarylation de l’indole. Une étude intensive du champ d’application de cette réaction ont permis de mettre en avant une haute tolérance de groupements fonctionnels. De plus l’étude des nucléophiles aromatiques tels que des polyaromatiques ou des hétérocycles ont permis d’obtenir un grand nombre de 3-arylindolines avec une diversité structurale très importante. Ces travaux ayant porté sur l’umpolung de l’indole, des études mécanistiques ont finalement été menées afin d’expliquer cette réactivité. Des études de marquage isotopique, d’infra-rouge in-situ ainsi que l’établissement d’une relation de Hammett ont permis de proposer un mécanisme réactionnel plausible. / The benzofuroindoline core is a unique motif found in the natural products diazonamide A bipleiophylline and azonazine. From a biosynthetic point of view, we can assume that the benzofuroindoline skeleton arises from the oxidative coupling of an indole and a phenol.The benzofuroindoline motif represents an opportunity for the discovery of new antitumor agents. Diazonamide A is a very potent anticancer agent that has received considerable attention owing to its high antitumor activity (IC₅₀ < 5nm) and its unique mode of action the inhibition of a newly discovered role for the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase. It is suggested that this natural product may have clinical utility for cancer therapy because it is as active in vitro as widely used antimitotic drugs such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, but does not have their toxicity in normal dividing tissue. Owing to the high potential of diazonamide A and its scarce availability, it is highly desirable to identify simplified benzofuroindoline analogues as promising as the natural product, but more synthetically accessible.We report herein the C3-regioselective hydroarylation of N-acetyl indoles with phenols mediated by FeCl ₃ featuring a rare example of the electrophilic reactivity of the indole core in a Friedel–Crafts reaction. The indole Umpolung, followed by an oxidation step, allows us direct access to the tetracyclic benzofuroindoline motif found in the natural product diazonamide A.Moreover, this activation of N-acetylindoles with iron(III) chloride allows the C-H addition of other aromatic substrates than phenols to the C ₃ =C₂ double bond of the indole nucleus generating a quaternary center at C ₃ and leading regioselectively to 3-arylated indolines. Optimization, scope, practicability (gram scale, air atmosphere, room temperature) and mechanistic insights of this process are presented in this study.

Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Purpose – The aim of this thesis is to explore the possibility of text mining social media, for consumer insights from an organizational perspective. Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory, single case embedded case study with inductive approach and partially mixed, concurrent, dominant status mixed method research design. The case study contains three different studies to try to triangulate the research findings and support research objective of using social media for consumer insights for new products, new ideas and helping research and development process of any organization. Findings – Text mining is a useful, novel, flexible and an unobtrusive method to harness the hidden information in social media. By text-mining social media, an organization can find consumer insights from a large data set and this initiative requires an understanding of social media and its building blocks. In addition, a consumer focused product development approach not only drives social media mining but also enriched by using consumer insights from social media. Research limitations/implications – Text mining is a relatively new subject and focus on developing better analytical tool kits would promote the use of this novel method. The researchers in the field of consumer driven new product development can use social media as additional evidence in their research. Practical implications – The consumer insights gained from the text mining of social media within a workable ethical policy are positive implications for any organization. Unlike conventional marketing research methods text mining is social media is cost and time effective. Originality/value –This thesis attempts to use innovatively text-mining tools, which appear, in the field of computer sciences to mine social media for gaining better understanding of consumers thereby enriching the field of marketing research, a cross-industry effort. The ability of consumers to spread the electronic word of mouth (eWOM) using social media is no secret and organizations should now consider social media as a source to supplement if not replace the insights captured using conventional marketing research methods. Keywords – Social media, Web 2.0, Consumer generated content, Text mining, Mixed methods design, Consumer insights, Marketing research, Case study, Analytic coding, Hermeneutics, Asynchronous, Emergent strategy Paper type Master Thesis

The writing and publishing of the novel, Dieper water (Deeper water), was the primary aim of this study. This novel was published by Human & Rousseau in October 2007. The plot of the novel is divided into three eras, the Anglo Boer War and thereafter, the Second World War and thereafter and the late nineties of the twentieth century. As a complementary aim, the study examines the realisation and analysis of image of reality or Zeitgeist, in the novel Dieper water. A consideration of the general theoretical and theoretical writing principles follows. These theoretical writing principles are specified in order for the writing process of the novel Dieper water to be examined according to these principles. Thereafter attention is paid to the method applied for the writing of the novel, Dieper water. The writing process is explained according to different writing phases, focussing on the role of the narrative elements to realise or embody the abstract concept of Zeitgeist. Zeitgeist can be explained as the general spirit of a specific period. The description of the writing process is followed by an intensive and heuristic view of the creation of Zeitgeist in the novel Dieper water. The focus is placed once more on the essential role that the narrative element, as well as the search for identity play in the creation of image of reality at a specific time, also known as Zeitgeist or time spirit. The core of this study is the writing of an extensive novel incorporating three eras. Complementary to this is the summarised study of the realisation of different forms of Zeitgeist. Conclusions and recommendations regarding the writing process and the creation of Zeitgeist in the novel, Dieper water, are proposed. This study is an attempt to closely examine the creation of image of reality in a novel, and indicate writing techniques that can possibly make a contribution to the practical process of creative writing. The conclusion of this study is that Zeitgeist, or the spirit of the times, as well as identity can be realised in a novel, by applying the narrative elements. The published novel, Dieper water, and a list of publications of the writer, are included as appendixes. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The writing and publishing of the novel, Dieper water (Deeper water), was the primary aim of this study. This novel was published by Human & Rousseau in October 2007. The plot of the novel is divided into three eras, the Anglo Boer War and thereafter, the Second World War and thereafter and the late nineties of the twentieth century. As a complementary aim, the study examines the realisation and analysis of image of reality or Zeitgeist, in the novel Dieper water. A consideration of the general theoretical and theoretical writing principles follows. These theoretical writing principles are specified in order for the writing process of the novel Dieper water to be examined according to these principles. Thereafter attention is paid to the method applied for the writing of the novel, Dieper water. The writing process is explained according to different writing phases, focussing on the role of the narrative elements to realise or embody the abstract concept of Zeitgeist. Zeitgeist can be explained as the general spirit of a specific period. The description of the writing process is followed by an intensive and heuristic view of the creation of Zeitgeist in the novel Dieper water. The focus is placed once more on the essential role that the narrative element, as well as the search for identity play in the creation of image of reality at a specific time, also known as Zeitgeist or time spirit. The core of this study is the writing of an extensive novel incorporating three eras. Complementary to this is the summarised study of the realisation of different forms of Zeitgeist. Conclusions and recommendations regarding the writing process and the creation of Zeitgeist in the novel, Dieper water, are proposed. This study is an attempt to closely examine the creation of image of reality in a novel, and indicate writing techniques that can possibly make a contribution to the practical process of creative writing. The conclusion of this study is that Zeitgeist, or the spirit of the times, as well as identity can be realised in a novel, by applying the narrative elements. The published novel, Dieper water, and a list of publications of the writer, are included as appendixes. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

O presente estudo investigou o processo psicoterápico através da análise das intervenções do terapeuta e dos insights associados a elas durante uma psicoterapia pais-bebê, em famílias em que a mãe apresentava depressão pós-parto. Participaram do estudo duas famílias com mães deprimidas, com base no Inventário Beck de Depressão e em uma entrevista diagnóstica. Os pais não apresentavam depressão. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de casos, a fim de se analisar o processo de mudança ao longo de todas as sessões de psicoterapia. Com a primeira família foram realizadas 16 sessões de psicoterapia e com a segunda família 12 sessões. Todas as sessões foram filmadas e as verbalizações foram transcritas para fins de análise, que foi baseada em cinco categorias: 1) intervenções para obter informações, que incluiu intervenções de assinalamento e de confrontação; 2) intervenções utilizadas para informar o paciente, que incluiu intervenções de informação propriamente dita, esclarecimento e interpretação; 3) intervenções de apoio; 4) intervenções de encenação; e, 5) intervenções de interpretação transgeracional. Os insights, por sua vez, foram classificados em três tipos: cognitivos, afetivos e pragmáticos. Os resultados revelaram que as intervenções de interpretação, esclarecimento e encenação estiveram associadas a um maior número de mudanças ao longo da psicoterapia, e se constituem em importantes fatores no tratamento de pais e seus bebês. As demais intervenções examinadas também se mostraram relevantes, principalmente nas situações em que as mudanças ocorreram como resultado de um conjunto de intervenções e não apenas de uma intervenção específica. Além disto, a terapeuta moldou sua forma de intervir para se adequar ao funcionamento de cada família. Juntos os resultados, sugerem que a psicoterapia pais-bebê, ainda que realizada em poucas sessões, pode ser uma alternativa para o alívio tanto para os sintomas no bebê, como para os pais e/ou para as relações entre os membros da família. Por se tratar de uma intervenção realizada nos momentos iniciais da vida do bebê, possui um potencial preventivo e de promoção da saúde mental, particularmente frente à depressão pós-parto. / The present study investigated the psychotherapeutic process by analyzing the therapist's interventions and insights in parent-infant psychotherapy, in families in which the mother had post-partum depression. Two families with depressed mothers, as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory and a diagnostic interview, took part in this analysis. The fathers did not have depression. A case-study design was used in order to analyze the process of change throughout all sessions of psychotherapy. In the first family there were 16 sessions of psychotherapy and in the second family 12 sessions. All sessions were videotaped and the verbalizations were transcribed for analysis, based on five categories: 1) interventions for information, which included measures of punctuation and confrontation, 2) interventions used for informing the patient including interventions of information, clarification and interpretation, 3) support interventions, 4) enactment interventions, and 5) transgenerational interpretation interventions. Insights were classified into three types: cognitive, affective and pragmatic. The results revealed that interventions for interpretation, clarification and enactment were associated with a large number of changes during the psychotherapy, and they may be important factors in the treatment of parents and their babies. The other interventions were also considered relevant, especially in situations where the changes occurred as a result of a range of interventions, not just one specific intervention. Furthermore, the therapist adapted her interventions to the needs of each family. The results together suggest that parentinfant psychotherapy, even if carried out in a few sessions, could be an alternative to relieve the symptoms of both the baby and the parents and/or relationships between family members. Because it is an intervention in the early stages of the baby's life, it has a preventive potential for mental health promotion, particularly with the post-partum depression.

A presente tese tem como tema central as redes de relações e o processo de ensinoaprendizagem que são tecidas nas escolas sinodais. São muitos os fios que integram essa rede de relações e de saberes. O conhecimento é o fio principal, que dá consistência aos demais e que permeia, de alguma forma, todas as ações pedagógicas. Junto com ele vem o fio do diálogo, formado por muitos outros importantes fios: respeito, responsabilidade, comprometimento, busca, aceitação e amor. O fio do diálogo encontra-se nas mãos da pessoa e a partir dela ele se liga às demais, promovendo a comunhão e o compartilhamento entre as pessoas e entre os grupos. Percebe-se que, no cenário educacional, há muitos fios envolvidos no tecer da teia de saberes. Muitas pessoas são responsáveis pelo tear, por isso ele é muito belo, mas, às vezes, também se transforma num emaranhado de fios que dificultam uma gestão participativa. Todavia, quando o objetivo está claro: uma educação que dê significado para as vidas, baseada num conhecimento que liberta e provoca mudanças, qualquer nó pode ser desfeito e transformado em aprendizagem a partir da ação do nós, do grupo de pessoas envolvidas. A proposta deste trabalho é tornar esse fio reflexivo muito mais presente no dia-adia da vida escolar. Como a pesquisa foi realizada com educadores de algumas escolas da Rede Sinodal de Educação, que vivem nessa Rede e a tecem diariamente, a opção foi por usar a metáfora da rede e da teia, relacionando a elas outras palavras com sentido metafórico. Nessa teia de saberes que é tecida nas redes de relações, há muitos fios de experiências, de sabedoria, de aprendizagens e de ensinamentos: há muita vida pulsando que pode servir de inspiração e de reflexão para o momento atual que a educação brasileira vive. O espaço da pessoa, o amor, o conhecimento e o diálogo poderão ser os fios inspiradores para uma educação mais humana, justa e solidária. / The central theme of this thesis is the teaching-learning process and the networks of relationships that are woven within the Rede Sinodal de Educação school network. A number of threads make up this web of relationships and insights. Knowledge is the main one, the thread that lends consistency to the others and permeates, in one way or another, all pedagogic actions. Along with it comes the thread of dialogue, which in turn is made up of many other important strands: respect, responsibility, commitment, search, acceptance and love. The dialogue thread is held in someone's hands; through this person it reaches others, fostering communion and sharing among people and groups. Within education we perceive a number of threads involved in weaving the web of insights. Many people are responsible for the weaving, which explains the beauty of its pattern, but at times also turns it into an unmanageable tangle of threads. Nevertheless, when the goal is clear: an education that lends meaning to lives, based on knowledge that liberates and brings about change, any knot [in Portuguese: nó] can be undone and transformed in learning through the action taken by "us" [in Portuguese: nós], the people involved. This paper aims at making that reflective thread much more present in everyday school life. The research was carried out with teachers from the network of schools in Brazil called the Rede Sinodal de Educação. As these teachers live within this net and weave it on a daily basis, the option was made to use the metaphor of the net and the web [in Portuguese, 'rede' stands for both words] and tie in a few other related words with a figurative meaning. Within this web of insights, woven in the network of relationships, many threads of experience, wisdom, learning and teaching are found: there is life pulsing in it, which can serve as inspiration and reflection for the moment that Brazilian education is currently going through. Individuality, love, knowledge and dialogue may be the inspiring threads for a more humane, just and solidary education.