This dissertation examines how age affects the ability to produce intelligibility- enhancing speaking style adaptations in response to environment-related difficulties (noise-adapted speech) and in response to listeners’ perceptual difficulties (clear speech). Materials consisted of conversational and clear speech sentences produced in quiet and in response to noise by children (11-13 years), young adults (18-29 years), and older adults (60-84 years). Acoustic measures of global, segmental, and voice characteristics were obtained. Young adult listeners participated in word-recognition-in-noise and perceived age tasks. The study also examined relative talker intelligibility as well as the relationship between the acoustic measurements and intelligibility results. Several age-related differences in speaking style adaptation strategies were found. Children increased mean F0 and F1 more than adults in response to noise, and exhibited greater changes to voice quality when producing clear speech (increased HNR, decreased shimmer). Older adults lengthened pause duration more in clear speech compared to younger talkers. Word recognition in noise results revealed no age-related differences in the intelligibility of conversational speech. Noise-adapted and clear speech modifications increased intelligibility for all talker groups. However, the acoustic changes implemented by children when producing noise-adapted and clear speech were less efficient in enhancing intelligibility compared to the young adult talkers. Children were also less intelligible than older adults for speech produced in quiet. Results confirmed that the talkers formed 3 perceptually-distinct age groups. Correlation analyses revealed that relative talker intelligibility was consistent for conversational and clear speech in quiet. However, relative talker intelligibility was found to be more variable with the inclusion of additional speaking style adaptations. 1-3 kHz energy, speaking rate, vowel and pause durations all emerged as significant acoustic-phonetic predictors of intelligibility. This is the first study to investigate how clear speech and noise-adapted speech benefits interact with each other across multiple talker groups. The findings enhance our understanding of intelligibility variation across the lifespan and have implications for a number of applied realms, from audiologic rehabilitation to speech synthesis. / text

Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker gymnasielärares inställning till begriplighet i engelskundervisning och bedömning utifrån styrdokumentens skrivning om uttal. Förhållningssätt till standarder och styrdokumentens framhållande av engelskämnets kommunikativa funktion diskuteras dels i ljuset av att engelskan har blivit ett kontaktspråk mellan talare vars modersmål inte är engelska, dels genom att fokusera på uttal generellt och på frågeintonation specifikt. Eftersom antalet icke infödda engelsktalande är vida fler än infödda och det är mycket svårt att nå upp till idealet att tala som en infödd, problematiserar forskare detta ideal, och framhåller strategier som effektiviserar kommunikation. Skolans styrdokument föreskriver en varierad internationell input och tydlig, ledig output. Därmed kan lärarens preferenser inverka på bedömningen av begriplighet så, att inföddlikt uttal ges högre betyg än uttal som färgats av elevens förstaspråk. Studien antyder att gymnasielärare som intervjuats föredrar ett inföddlikt uttal och att talängslan är ett problem. En mer pluralistisk syn på uttal skulle dels kunna sänka garden hos inlärare, dels förbereda dem på faktiska språksituationer och realistiska mål.

Ce travail de recherche répond à un besoin exprimé par des médecins et des orthophonistes travaillant auprès de patients souffrant de troubles pathologiques de production de la parole (TPPP). Le suivi et la prise en charge des patients impliquent de disposer de méthodes d’évaluation fiables et valides permettant de quantifier leurs performances de communication verbale. Aujourd’hui les méthodes généralement utilisées à cette fin sont les tests de retranscription orthographique (tests d’intelligibilité).Malgré le fait que cette utilisation soit très répandue en pratique, peu d’auteurs ont étudié la relation entre les scores de retranscription orthographique et l’aptitude des patients à être compris par des tiers (Beukelman, 1979 ; Hustad, 2008). Notre travail s’inscrit dans la continuité directe de ces études. Nous avons élaboré une méthode permettant d’évaluer la compréhension de la parole en observant les réactions comportementales des auditeurs à des énoncés verbaux. Cette méthode, réalisée sous la forme d’un logiciel baptisé « EloKanz », nous a permis d’étudier plus en avant la relation existant entre l’intelligibilité et la compréhension de la parole en situation de communication, et de proposer un nouvel outil d’évaluation.Nos résultats montrent que les scores de retranscription orthographique ne sont pas des indicateurs fiables de la performance de communication verbale. Les implications cliniques de ce résultat sont importantes, dans la mesure où les scores d’intelligibilité sont non seulement utilisés pour suivre les progrès des patients dans le temps — et donc juger de l’efficacité de thérapies ou d’interventions — mais aussi pour prendre des décisions aussi importantes que la prise en charge d’une personne ou, au contraire, de l’arrêt d’un traitement. / This research is a direct answer to a need that has been shown within the field of speech pathology. In order to assess their patients' skills and to follow their progress over time, speech pathologists need reliable and valid methods for quantifying communicative performance. Today speech intelligibility tests are the most widely used tools for this purpose.Despite this fact, few authors have studied the relationship between speech intelligibility scores and a patient's ability to be understood by others (Beukelman, 1979 ; Hustad, 2008). Our research work directly builds on these previous studies. We created a method to assess speech comprehension by observing the listener's reactions to speech. This method — implemented in a software program called ‘EloKanz‘ — allowed us to study the relationship between speech intelligibility and speech comprehension in a more precise manner.Our results show that speech intelligibility scores are not valid predictors of communicative performance. Clinical implications matter greatly, since speech intelligibility scores are used not only to evaluate the effectiveness of speech therapies and treatments, but also to make enrollment or dismissal decisions.

La codification, qui a plus de 4000 ans d’histoire, vise à assurer la sécurité juridique tout en exigeant une forte volonté politique. Il s’agit d’une technique juridique qui a connu plusieurs âges d’or, et également des périodes moins propices, voire de régression. Elle découle de multiples enjeux techniques, sociaux et politiques. On distingue de nombreux types de codification. Ils mobilisent deux principales méthodes, la codification-modification et la codification-compilation. Les acteurs de la codification, ses étapes ainsi que la composition du code sont des processus importants pour caractériser la technique mobilisée. Cette recherche présente l’expérience française en la matière. Son ambition est de fournir un cadre de référence au législateur vietnamien en vue d’améliorer le système juridique de ce pays. / Codification is a more than 4000-year old process aiming to assure juridical security while requiring strong political back-up. This judicial technique has been through several golden ages as well as periods of less favorable development. Codification has produced numerous technical, social and political outcomes through a large number of different approaches. Codification-modification and codification-compilation are two major methods in codification. Techniques also differ in relation to stakeholders involved, stages in codification as well as code structure. This research is an analysis of France’s experience in those fields. It aims to produce a reference framework to lawmakers in Vietnam in view of improving the national legal framework.

En bureaux ouverts, le bruit de parole des autres occupants représente un facteur de gêne important. L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer les outils de prédiction du pouvoir de nuisance de la parole et de proposer des voies d’amélioration. Ceci nécessite de détailler l’influence des caractéristiques d’un bruit de parole qui peuvent rendre le travail plus difficile. Pour ce faire, plusieurs expériences basées sur des exercices mentaux classiques sont menées. La surcharge cognitive engendrée par le bruit de parole ambiant y est mesurée de façon objective et subjective. Dans un premier temps, l’étude est centrée sur l’influence de l’intelligibilité de la parole. En effet, certains auteurs proposent d’utiliser un indicateur d’intelligibilité, le Speech Transmission Index (STI), pour prédire la nuisance dans un bureau ouvert. Les résultats obtenus confirment cette influence de l’intelligibilité. Cependant, les bruits de fond rencontrés en bureaux ouverts peuvent être fortement fluctuants. Ceci a un effet sur la nuisance dont le STI ne peut rendre compte. Dans un second temps, une alternative permettant de rendre compte de la variabilité temporelle de réelles ambiances sonores de bureaux est donc proposée. Le pouvoir prédictif de cet indicateur sur la perturbation au travail est évalué pour plusieurs types de tâches. Si les effets observés sont faibles, en particulier au regard des différences de sensibilité au bruit entre individus, la prise en compte des fluctuations de niveau pour un environnement sonore donné semble bel et bien essentielle à la prédiction chiffrée de la gêne sonore causée. De plus, l’évaluation subjective de la gêne s’avère être un complément essentiel à l’évaluation objective pour rendre compte de l’influence de certains facteurs. / Speech noise is a major cause of annoyance in open-plan offices. The purpose of this research was to assess the quality of existing tools for predicting the nuisance potential of speech and highlight possibilities for improvement. The ways in which speech sounds influence noise annoyance were thus investigated. To this end, experiments were carried out based on classical mental tasks, with concurrent objective and subjective measurements of the increase in mental workload caused by ambient speech. First, the effect of speech intelligibility was studied. Indeed, some argue for the use of a speech intelligibility measure, the Speech Transmission Index (STI), to predict noise annoyance in open-plan offices. Results confirmed the increase in disruption caused by speech made more intelligible. However, the STI was incapable of predicting noise annoyance for fluctuating background sounds, which are usual in open-plan offices. An alternative was then provided that accounted for the temporal variability seen in actual office sound environments. The predictive ability of this measure was assessed for varied tasks. The resulting effects were small when compared with individual differences in susceptibility to speech noise. However, they indicated that allowing for level fluctuations in the sound environment is essential to quantifying the induced noise annoyance. Moreover, it appeared that subjective measurements of noise annoyance were a critical complement to objective measurements for identifying certain causes of noise annoyance.

Accounting as a tool for communicating relevant information to multiple users must overcome issues and barriers of presenting such information. One of the issues is its understandability, once lack of understanding can impact decisions. However, understandability is not easily measured. Previous studies use readability metrics as proxies for understandability. They understand that these concepts are related to some extent, but while readability focuses on the text, understandability includes the reader characteristics. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to verify how readability impacts the understandability of the information from the notes to the financial statements. I also verified whether the distance between them was due to reporting language. The specific goals were: (i) to verify whether different readability levels have impact on the notes to the financial statements\' understandability; (ii) to verify whether the understandability levels are due to accounting specific terms; (iii) to verify if those notes\' understandability and readability are different for different languages; and (iv) to verify if the levels of readability and understandability changed after OCPC 07. I performed two different types of research methods, archival and experimental research. The archival research applied mean tests to 44 firms that presented their notes both in Portuguese and in English from 2012 to 2015. I studied the notes of Financial Instruments and Provisions. I used indexes of intelligibility as proxies to understandability, calculated by a linguistic software. I found that, for most indexes where firms had worse levels of readability, they showed better levels of intelligibility, which goes against the expected. My results also show that with few exceptions, the readability and intelligibility indexes are different for Portuguese and English. Moreover, I found that there was no change after the adoption of OCPC 07 on both readability and intelligibility indexes. In the experimental research, I applied a self-created instrument based on the MIT test to 112 students in Brazil of graduate and undergraduate courses related to business, to verify how readability impacts on understandability, by manipulating readability components of the Flesch index (number of words per sentence and number of syllables per word). I controlled for some characteristics of each participant and the technicality of accounting language. I used an ANCOVA to test the difference between treatments and a Mediation Analysis to verify the impact of the glossary. I found no difference in understanding through different levels of readability, while some participant\'s characteristics - such as previous understanding skills, level of education, courses and the type of school - showed relevance in explaining understandability. The evidence also suggests that using a glossary to assist the reader affected understandability, but mostly for those who have less prior knowledge regarding notes to the financial statements. These results allow me to conclude readability metrics are not good proxies to measure understandability in Accounting, glossary assists on reader\'s understandability, language has an impact over readability and understandability, and readability and understandability did not change with the OCPC 07. / A Contabilidade como ferramenta para comunicar informação relevante a múltiplos usuários, deve superar problemas e barreiras na apresentação dessa informação. Um dos problemas é sua compreensibilidade, dado que a falta de compreensão pode impactar as decisões. Contudo, compreensibilidade não é mensurada facilmente. Estudos anteriores usam métricas de legibilidade como proxies de compreensibilidade. Eles entendem que esses conceitos estão relacionados em certa medida, mas enquanto legibilidade foca no texto, compreensibilidade inclui características do leitor. Assim, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi verificar como a legibilidade impacta na compreensibilidade das informações das Notas Explicativas. Foi verificado também se a distância entre elas se deve à língua do relatório. Os objetivos específicos eram: (i) verificar se diferentes níveis de legibilidade impactam a compreensibilidade das notas explicativas; (ii) verificar se os níveis de compreensibilidade dependem de termos específicos contábeis; (iii) verificar se a compreensibilidade e a legibilidade das notas são diferente em diferentes línguas; e (iv) verificar se a compreensibilidade e a legibilidade das notas mudaram depois da OCPC 07. Realizaram-se dois métodos de pesquisas diferentes, um de arquivo e outro experimental. A pesquisa de arquivo aplicou testes de média em 44 empresas abertas que apresentaram suas notas em português e em inglês de 2012 a 2015. Foram estudadas notas de Instrumentos Financeiros e Provisões. Utilizaram-se índices de inteligibilidade como proxies para compreensibilidade, calculados por um software linguístico. Os resultados mostram que a maior parte das empresas que possuíam os piores níveis de legibilidade, apresentaram os melhores níveis de inteligibilidade, o que é contrário ao esperado. Os resultados também mostram que, com algumas exceções, os índices de legibilidade e compreensibilidade são diferentes em português e inglês. Ademais, descobriu-se que não houve mudança após a adoção da OCPC 07 em ambos os índices de legibilidade e compreensibilidade. No experimento, foi aplicado um instrumento criado pela autora, baseado no teste MIT, a 112 estudantes no Brasil de cursos relacionados a negócios de graduação e pós-graduação, para verificar como a legibilidade impacta na compreensibilidade, manipulando os componentes de legibilidade do índice Flesch (número de palavras por frase e número de sílabas por palavra). Controlou-se algumas características de cada participante e pela tecnicidade da linguagem contábil. Usou-se a ANCOVA para testar a diferença entre tratamentos e a Análise de Mediação para verificar o impacto de um glossário. Não foram encontradas diferenças de compreensão entre os diferentes níveis de legibilidade, enquanto que algumas características dos participantes - como habilidades de compreensão prévias, nível educacional, curso e tipo de universidade - se mostraram relevantes para explicar compreensibilidade. Os resultados também sugerem que o uso de um glossário para ajudar o leitor afetou compreensibilidade, mas mais para aqueles que possuíam menor conhecimento prévio sobre Notas Explicativas. Os resultados permitem concluir que as métricas de legibilidade não são boas proxies para mensurar compreensibilidade em Contabilidade, o glossário auxilia na compreensibilidade do leitor, a língua impacta legibilidade e compreensibilidade e legibilidade e compreensibilidade não mudaram com a OCPC 07.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-10-10T12:13:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Klafke Konzen._pdf.pdf: 825731 bytes, checksum: 0cd18bf4f9b0763863e0e2d5ba938a1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-10T12:13:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Klafke Konzen._pdf.pdf: 825731 bytes, checksum: 0cd18bf4f9b0763863e0e2d5ba938a1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / Nenhuma / Com base na obra do filósofo brasileiro, Cláudio Henrique de Lima Vaz, Antropologia Filosófica I e II, e motivado pela aporia várias vezes milenar sobre o que vem a ser o homem, as sucessivas linhas traçam o percurso dialético proposto pelo autor com o intuito de perceber a construção categorial que permitem sua compreensão filosófica sobre o conceito de pessoa. O primeiro passo será o de revisitar rememorativamente os autores de maior influência no pensamento do filósofo em questão, trata-se de Platão, Aristóteles, Tomás de Aquino e Hegel. Posteriormente é feita uma primeira imersão na obra vaziana analisando as bases lógicas e dialéticas de sua proposta de discurso sistemático, momento necessário para a compreensão de sua metodologia reflexiva. Por fim cabe o percurso categorial por meio de uma dupla leitura metodológica, a inteligibilidade dita para – nós e a inteligibilidade em – si, que permitem a leitura adequada e metodologicamente coerente com a proposta da obra para com o conceito de pessoa. / Based on the work of the Brazilian philosoper, Cláudio Henrique de Lima Vaz, Philosophical Anthropology I and II, and motivated by the aporia many times millennial about what is the man, the successive lines trace the dialetic path proposed by the author in order to comprehend the categorial construction which allows its philosophical comprehension about the concept of person. The first step will be to revisit rememoratively the authors of bigger influence in the current philosophical thinking, who are Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas and Hegel. Posteriorly, a first immersion is done in the “vaziana” work, analyzing the logic and dialetal basis of his proposal of sistematic discourse, which is necessary to comprehend his reflexive methodology. Lastly, there is the categorial path through a double methodologic reading, the intelligibility said to – us and the intelligibility in – itself, which allow the adequate Reading and coherent methodology with the proposal of the work in relation to the concept of person.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Niele Caroline Vasconcelos Medeiros.pdf: 711144 bytes, checksum: 1c395daa5b921474e2b2d93185765c0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Introduction: Tracheoesophageal speech obtained by means of a tracheoesophageal prosthesis has limitations, represented by its restricted melodic variation and intensity. Thus, there is interference in the communicative efficiency of these individuals. The speech therapist in the context of total laryngectomy has focused his/her work more in the direction of phonation. Frequently, by giving more attention to the voice, the therapist forgets the other aspects of verbal (speed of speech, emphasis, pause and inflection, among others) and non-verbal (posture, gestures and facial expression) communication. Aim: to analyze expressiveness before and after completing a phonoaudiological intervention program, in two individuals with tracheoesophageal speech. Method: two subjects (S1 and S2) with tracheoesophageal speech participated in a phonoaudiological program with focus on expressiveness, conducted in four meetings of two hours each. Two video recordings were made (one pre- and one post-intervention). Ten judges participated in the judgment of each subject s communication (the subject him/herself, three relatives, three phonoaudiologists experienced in attending oncologic patients, and three individuals from the population not familiar with tracheoesophageal speech. The judges were asked whether the communicative performance (in the two video recordings) was equal or different. If they perceived differences, they should justify their reply, identifying which aspect had changed, according to a pre-established evaluation script, with aspects of verbal and non-verbal communication. Results: In the opinion of S1, there were changes as regards facial expression, understanding and speed of speech, use of pauses and voice quality. S2 described the changes in a positive manner for the other aspects: bodily posture; head movements; facial expression, understanding and speed of speech, use of pauses and emphasis; voice intensity and quality. For the subjects relatives, the aspects most pointed out were: facial expression, understanding the speech and voice quality. The speech therapist made a more technical assessment of the verbal communication such as marking emphasis by pauses and variation in loudness, and they also associated more melodious speech with improvement in voice quality, although they made little mention of the non-verbal communication. The lay judges took more notice of the body when they perceived differences particularly in the gestures and facial expression, in addition to the improvements in understanding the speech and voice quality. Conclusion: In the perception of all the judges, verbal communication, so highly valued in the speech therapist clinic, received greater emphasis in totally laryngectomized individuals with tracheoesophageal speech, than non-verbal communication. The speech therapists were shown to identify changes in verbal communication in greater detail, and the lay judges observed communication from more overall aspect. This evidences that the speech therapist clinic is able to transcend the voice and place value on the work with expressiveness in the rehabilitation of these individuals / Introdução: a fala traqueoesofágica (FT), obtida por meio da prótese traqueoesofágica, possui limitações representadas pela pouca variação melódica e de intensidade, o que interfere na eficiência comunicativa dos indivíduos com prótese. O fonoaudiólogo, no contexto da laringectomia total, tem focado o seu trabalho mais na direção da fonação. O terapeuta muitas vezes, ao privilegiar a voz, esquece de outros aspectos da comunicação verbal (velocidade de fala, ênfase, pausa e inflexão, entre outros) e da não-verbal (postura, gestos e expressão facial). Objetivo: analisar a expressividade pré e pós-realização de um programa de intervenção fonoaudiológica em dois indivíduos com fala traqueoesofágica. Método: dois sujeitos (S1 e S2) com FT participaram de um programa de intervenção fonoaudiológica com foco na expressividade, realizado em quatro encontros de duas horas cada. Foram feitas duas gravações em vídeo (uma pré e uma pós-intervenção). Participaram do julgamento da comunicação de cada sujeito 10 juízes (o próprio sujeito, três parentes, três fonoaudiólogos experientes no atendimento a pacientes oncológicos, e três indivíduos da população sem familiaridade com a FT). Foi perguntado aos juízes se o desempenho comunicativo estava igual ou diferente. Caso percebessem diferenças, deveriam justificar sua resposta identificando qual aspecto havia modificado, de acordo com um roteiro de avaliação pré-elaborado, com aspectos da comunicação verbal e não-verbal. Resultados: Na opinião de S1 houve mudanças quanto à expressão facial, compreensão e velocidade de fala, uso de pausas e qualidade de voz. S2 descreveu as mudanças de maneira positiva para os aspectos: postura corporal, movimentos de cabeça, expressão facial, compreensão e velocidade de fala, uso de pausas e ênfases, intensidade e qualidade de voz. Para os parentes dos sujeitos, os aspectos mais apontados foram: expressão facial, compreensão de fala e qualidade de voz. Os fonoaudiólogos fizeram uma avaliação mais técnica da comunicação verbal, pois perceberam a marcação de ênfases por pausas e variação da loudness, bem como associaram maior melodia de fala com melhora na qualidade de voz, embora tenham feito pouca menção à comunicação não verbal. Os juízes leigos observaram mais o corpo dos sujeitos ao perceberem diferenças principalmente nos gestos e expressão facial, além da melhora na compreensão de fala e qualidade de voz. Conclusão: a comunicação verbal, tão valorizada na clínica fonoaudiológica, em laringectomizados totais com FT, recebeu maior destaque do que a não-verbal na percepção de todos juízes. As fonoaudiólogas mostraram-se mais detalhistas em identificar mudanças na comunicação verbal e os juízes leigos observaram a comunicação de forma mais global. Isso evidencia que a clínica fonoaudiológica pode transcender a voz e valorizar o trabalho com expressividade na reabilitação desses indivíduos

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-30T12:55:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andréa Paz-Oliveira.pdf: 1976530 bytes, checksum: 4a5fa3eadd3b24eaae5cb952e5c38cf8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T12:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andréa Paz-Oliveira.pdf: 1976530 bytes, checksum: 4a5fa3eadd3b24eaae5cb952e5c38cf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Introduction: basic audiological field evaluation, syllables and words have been used to measure the individual's auditory performance in speech recognition tasks. Increasingly, however, increases the number of searches that claim that the test for the recognition of sentences in noise is the best instrument to evaluate the communication in your daily life. This way, elaborate sentences in noise tests is of extreme importance to clinical practice. Objective: Develop a material of sentences in noise for Brazilian Portuguese. Method: to achieve the objective of this research, we developed a study of prospective, descriptive, exploratory, quantitative and qualitative. The survey was conducted in three experiments: 1: Material development process development of judgments and application without noise in subjects without hearing loss. 2: examining the influence of different signal-to-noise ratios on the performance of subjects visually-listeners 3: analyze the performance of subjects visually-listeners in the application of sentences with selected noise in experiment 2. Results: 23 lists were made with six sentences each (total of 138 sentences) phonetically balanced, with five words each target, and content is not predictable. From the application, in the silence, in subjects without hearing loss, the equivalent lists with each other were selected and applied with noise to analyze which background noise should be inserted in the search. The noises were selected 0dB, -5 dB,-10dB, + 5dB, + 10dB to + 15dB. The relationship signal-noise 0dB,-5dB and -10 the proportion of hits is greater in mixed lists and other signal-to-noise ratios there is no difference between the mixed lists or (+5, +10, +15). Conclusion: the sentences developed are phonetically balanced, equivalent to each other, and rapid facies are applied / Introdução: Na avaliação audiológica básica, sílabas e palavras têm sido utilizadas para medir o desempenho auditivo do indivíduo em tarefas de reconhecimento de fala. Porém, cada vez mais aumenta o número de pesquisas que afirmam que o teste de reconhecimento de sentenças no ruído é o melhor instrumento para avaliar a comunicação do indivíduo no seu dia-adia. Desta forma, elaborar testes de sentenças no ruído é de extrema importância para prática clínica. Objetivo: Elaborar um material de sentenças no ruído para o português brasileiro. Método: Para alcançar o objetivo desta pesquisa, foi desenvolvido um estudo de natureza prospectiva, descritiva, exploratória, quanti-qualitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada em três experimentos: - 1: Processo de desenvolvimento do material - Desenvolvimento de sentenças e aplicação sem ruído em sujeitos sem perda auditiva. 2: analisar a influência das diferentes relações Sinal/Ruído no desempenho de sujeitos normo-ouvintes 3: Analisar o desempenho de sujeitos normo-ouvintes na aplicação das sentenças com os ruídos selecionados no experimento 2. Resultados: Foram elaboradas 23 listas com seis sentenças cada (total de 138 sentenças) foneticamente balanceadas, com cinco palavras alvo cada, e conteúdo não previsível. A partir da aplicação, no silêncio, em sujeitos sem perda auditiva, as listas equivalentes entre si foram selecionadas e aplicadas com ruído de fala para analisar quais ruídos de fundo deveriam ser inseridos na pesquisa. Os ruídos selecionados foram 0dB, -5 dB, -10dB, +5dB, +10dB e +15dB. Nas relações sinal-ruído 0dB, -5dB e -10 a proporção de acertos é maior nas listas mistas e nas demais relações sinal-ruído não há diferença entre as listas mistas ou completas (+5, +10, +15). Conclusão: As sentenças desenvolvidas são foneticamente balanceadas, equivalentes entre si, fácies e rápidas de serem aplicadas

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 46-48. / by Michael Alan Picheny. / Sc.D.