No description available.

L’étude de la mobilité domicile-travail fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches visant à décrire et analyser les caractéristiques des actifs et de leurs déplacements. En France, ces études se concentrent principalement sur les individus vivant dans les espaces fonctionnels construits autour des agglomérations, les aires urbaines. Cette thèse vise à fournir une lecture complémentaire de ces travaux en étudiant les personnes qui se déplacent entre aires urbaines : les actifs interurbains.À partir d’une approche quantitative à l’échelle de la France continentale, menée principalement grâce aux bases de données du recensement de la population, une qualification des actifs interurbains est proposée. Nos résultats montrent une diversité des profils d’actifs en matière de caractéristiques sociodémographiques, ainsi qu’une pluralité de types de liaisons réalisées entre les différents espaces des aires urbaines. Nos travaux mettent également en évidence l’importance de l’usage de la voiture, principal mode de transport utilisé par les actifs interurbains. Aussi, malgré leur poids relativement faible dans la population des aires urbaines grandes et moyennes en France, ces actifs qui se déplacent sur de grandes distances en voiture sont alors responsables d’un volume important d’émissions de CO2.Ce dernier résultat a conduit à quantifier des potentiels de report modal des déplacements des interurbains de la voiture vers le réseau ferroviaire afin de réduire le volume de ces émissions. Nos résultats démontrent l’existence de leviers permettant de réduire théoriquement ces émissions liées à l’usage de l’automobile. Le facteur spatial, à différentes échelles, joue un rôle important dans les différences entre potentiels. Enfin, nous avons également montré que ces mesures ont des conséquences sociales distinctes, en matière de coût, en fonction des professions et catégories socioprofessionnelles / Commuter mobility is the subject of numerous studies meaning to describe and analyze the characteristics of commuters and their movements. In France, these studies focus primarily on people living in the functional area built around cities, called French urban areas. This thesis aims to provide supplementary insight on this topic by studying people moving between those French urban areas: intercity commuters.Analysing the French mainland population thought a quantitative approach conducted using census databases, measurement and qualification of long-distance commuters are proposed. Our results show a diversity of commuters in terms of demographic profile and spatial connections. The important use of the car as the primary mode of transport is emphasized. Despite their relatively low weight in the population of large and medium-sized urban areas in France, those commuters, who travel over long distances by car, are responsible for significant volumes of CO2 emissions.This result led to quantify the potential modal shift from car to rail. Our results demonstrate the existence of levers to theoretically reduce car use and thus the importance of its emissions. The influence of the spatial factor, at different scales, is attested. Furthermore such policies would have different consequences in terms of cost for the various professions and socio-professional categories

Défini par la loi portant réforme ferroviaire du 4 août 2014 comme « l’ensemble des moyens humains et matériels mis en œuvre sur le réseau ferré national pour assurer sa gestion et l’exécution des services de transport l’utilisant », le ferroviaire est un système composé de multiples dimensions. Dans ce cadre, cette thèse s’efforce d’analyser sous un angle forcément transdisciplinaire les relations entre les différentes composantes du système ferroviaire, afin de le rendre intelligible. En complétant cette approche empirique par la modélisation du fonctionnement des services ferroviaires conventionnés de voyageurs, captant la majorité des fonds publics alloués au secteur, il s’agit également de contribuer à la compréhension du système ferroviaire et de ses enjeux contemporains, au bénéfice de ses décideurs, et tout particulièrement les autorités publiques. / The current government’s legislation to restructure the rail sector defines the national rail system as a complex system composed of “all the human and material means implemented on the national rail network in order to ensure the management and delivery of transport services using it”. Within this framework, this thesis attempts to analyze in a necessarily interdisciplinary perspective the relationship between the different components of the rail system, in order to make it intelligible. It aims to contribute to understanding the railway system and its current issues, by completing this empirical based approach to modeling the public service obligations, which represent most of the traffic and publics funds on the French rail network

В выпускной квалификационной работе магистранта рассматривается развитие инфраструктуры междугороднего автобусного сообщения в Екатеринбурге, маршрутная сеть автобусного сообщения, решения по автоматизации продажи билетов. Уделено внимание проблемам дистрибуции электронных билетов и прогнозам развития e-ticketing на рынке междугороднего автобусного сообщения. / In the student master thesis the development of the infrastructure of interurban bus communication in Yekaterinburg, the route network of bus communication, solutions for ticket sales automation are considered. Attention is paid to the problems of distribution of electronic tickets and forecasts for the development of e-ticketing in the intercity bus market.

Changes in climate caused by changes in anthropogenic (i.e. "man-made") greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have become a major public policy issue in countries all over the world. With an estimated 28.4% of these emissions attributed to the transportation sector, attention is being focused on strategies aimed at reducing transportation GHG emissions. Quantifying the change in GHG emissions due to such strategies is one of the most challenging aspects of integrating GHG emissions and climate change into transportation planning and policy analysis; the inventory techniques and methods for estimating the impact of different strategies and policies are still relatively unsophisticated. This research developed a method for estimating intercity passenger transportation energy and carbon footprints and applied this method to three US DOT-designated high speed rail (HSR) corridors in the U.S.-- San Francisco/Los Angeles/San Diego; Seattle/Portland/Eugene, and Philadelphia/Harrisburg/Pittsburg. The methodology consists of estimating the number of trips by mode, estimating the direct CO₂ emissions, and estimating indirect CO₂ emissions. For each study corridor the impacts of different strategies and policies on carbon dioxide emissions were estimated as an illustration of the policy application of the developed methodology. The largest gain in CO₂ savings can be achieved by strategies aiming at automobile emissions, due to its sizeable share as main mode and access/egress mode to and from airports and bus and train stations: an average fuel economy of 35.5 mpg would result in a 38-42% savings of total CO₂ emissions; replacing 25% of gasoline use with cellulosic ethanol can have a positive impact on CO₂ emissions of about 13.4-14.5%; and a 10% market share for electric vehicles would result in potential CO₂ savings of 3.4-7.8%. The impact of a 20% or 35% improvement in aircraft efficiency on CO₂ savings is much lower (0.88-3.65%) than the potential impacts of the policies targeting automobile emissions. Three HSR options were analyzed using Volpe's long-distance demand model: HSR125, HSR150, and HSR200. Only the HSR150 and HSR200 would result in CO₂ savings, and then just for two of the three corridors: the Pacific Northwest (1.5%) and California (0.8-0.9%). With increased frequency and load factors, a HSR150 system could result in CO₂ savings of 5.2% and 1.8% for the Pacific Northwest and California, respectively. This would require a mode shift from auto of 5-6%. This shift in auto mode share would mainly have to be a result of pricing strategies. From these results, HSR may not be such an obvious choice, however, with increased ridership and diversions from other modes, CO₂ savings increase significantly due to the lower emissions per passenger mile for HSR. The framework developed in this study has the ability to determine the GHG emissions for such HSR options and increased diversions.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Silvana Maria Zioni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018. / O presente trabalho estudará a interação entre transporte e território, ou seja, pretende-se estudar a relação entre estes dois campos, que se tem mostrado mais complexa do que uma relação de causa versus efeito. O território de análise terá como referência a Macrometrópole Paulista e a proposição de ligações ferroviárias para passageiros ¿ Programa de Trens Regionais. Para tal serão estudadas, por meio de análise bibliográfica e documental, as dinâmicas e a formação do território macrometropolitano, a concepção do Programa de Trens Regionais, as estruturas de gestão do planejamento urbano e de transportes no Governo do Estado de São Paulo e por fim as interações do mercado na proposição do chamados Trens Intercidades que se sobrepõem à proposição dos trens regionais. Pretende-se, assim, problematizar o contexto no qual é proposto o Programa de Trens Regionais identificando lacunas na relação transporte ¿ território sob a influência do mercado. / The present research was aimed to investigate the interaction between transport and territory, that is, we intend to study the relationship between these two fields, which has been shown to be more complex than a cause versus effect relationship. The territory of analysis will have as reference the Macrometropole Paulista and the proposal of rail connections for passengers - Programa de Trens Regionais. For this purpose, the dynamics and the formation of the macrometropolitan territory, the conception of the Regional Trains Program, the structures for the management of urban planning and transportation in the Government of the State of São Paulo will be studied through bibliographic and documentary analysis and, finally, the market interactions in proposing the so-called Intercity Trains that overlap the proposition of regional trains. The aim is to problematize the context in which the Regional Trains Program is proposed, identifying gaps in the transport-territory relationship under the market influence.

Public involvement is defined as a two-way communication aimed at providing information to the public and incorporating the views, concerns, and issues of the public in transportation decision making. According to U.S. Census data, 60% of U.S. counties are considered rural. Rural communities face unique challenges such as scarce resources, technological and geographical issues, and demographic shifts, which can limit effective engagement capabilities. Engagement strategies that are effective for urbanized and metropolitan areas may not be as effective for these rural communities. This study employed a mixed methods research approach to identify readily deployable practices for meaningful rural community engagement in transportation planning. The research methodology involves a literature review, interviews with supervisors from offices of community transportation, interviews with 24 community leaders in four case communities in Tennessee, and two rounds of Delphi community survey. The research process brought together all key stakeholders to build a true consensus of best practices to engage rural communities in transportation planning. Data analysis showed rural communities feel detached and unaware of the role of Departments of Transportation (DOT) in and their plans for community transportation. Engaging rural communities using social media and conducting virtual meetings can reach wider sections of the community. Lack of consistent internet coverage in rural communities, however, means this type of outreach cannot replace in-person engagement. Securing the support of community leaders, building partnerships, and having a presence in the community will increase trust in DOTs and foster better engagement. A list of recommendations is provided that will enhance rural community engagement for longrange transportation planning in predominantly rural states.

Seit der Liberalisierung im Jahr 2013 wächst die Anzahl der Fernbusfahrgäste immer weiter an. Durch ein vielfältiges Streckenangebot und günstige Ticketpreise erfreut sich der Fernbus immer größerer Beliebtheit und ist zu einer guten und umweltfreundlichen Alternative für Fernreisen geworden. Allerdings kann die Reisezeit bei den Angeboten der Konkurrenten wenig mithalten, was vor allem an der Lage der Haltestellen liegt. In dieser Arbeit wird mittels auswahlbasierter Conjoint-Analyse die Kundensicht zu Haltestellen in der Stadt und Hal-testellen in Routennähe untersucht. Dabei nehmen vor allem Reisezeit und Reisekosten Einfluss auf die Entscheidung. Sozioökonomische Merkmale von Kunden spielen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass Haltestellen in Routennähe für Fernbusse eine ernstzunehmende Alternative darstellen, ungeachtet von der Länge der Strecke, solang eine gute Anbindung an das Netz des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs gegeben ist. / Since the liberalisation in 2013, the amount of intercity bus users is continuously increasing. The concept of offering a large variety in routes as well as attractive pricing, helps intercity buses to a great popularity. Moreover, this option of traveling impresses with its eco-friendliness. Due to the location of the bus stops, the traveling time in intercity busses cannot keep up with the one of comparable competitors. Within this thesis, a selective conjoint analysis is conducted. The goal is to gain an insight on the option of potential customers towards bus stops within the city compared to their view of bus stops close to the traveling route. The decision is primarily based on travel costs and travel time whereas socioeconomic factors are only considered briefly. Concluding, bus stops close to the traveling route are an alternative choice for as long as they are located within reach of local public transportation.

Seit der Liberalisierung im Jahr 2013 wächst die Anzahl der Fernbusfahrgäste immer weiter an. Durch ein vielfältiges Streckenangebot und günstige Ticketpreise erfreut sich der Fernbus immer größerer Beliebtheit und ist zu einer guten und umweltfreundlichen Alternative für Fernreisen geworden. Allerdings kann die Reisezeit bei den Angeboten der Konkurrenten wenig mithalten, was vor allem an der Lage der Haltestellen liegt. In dieser Arbeit wird mittels auswahlbasierter Conjoint-Analyse die Kundensicht zu Haltestellen in der Stadt und Hal-testellen in Routennähe untersucht. Dabei nehmen vor allem Reisezeit und Reisekosten Einfluss auf die Entscheidung. Sozioökonomische Merkmale von Kunden spielen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass Haltestellen in Routennähe für Fernbusse eine ernstzunehmende Alternative darstellen, ungeachtet von der Länge der Strecke, solang eine gute Anbindung an das Netz des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs gegeben ist.:Inhaltsverzeichnis ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS III TABELLENVERZEICHNIS IV SYMBOLVERZEICHNIS VI ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS VIII 1. EINLEITUNG 9 1.1 MOTIVATION 9 1.2 ORGANISATION DIESER ARBEIT 9 2. DER FERNBUSVERKEHR 10 2.1 ALLGEMEIN 10 2.2 PERSPEKTIVEN UND ENTWICKLUNGSMÖGLICHKEITEN 11 2.3 AKTUELLE STUDIEN 12 3. METHODISCHES VORGEHEN 17 3.1 DATENSPEZIFIKATION 17 3.1.1 Fragebogen 17 3.1.2 Daten 19 3.2 METHODEN 19 3.2.1 Allgemein 19 3.2.2 Auswahlbasierte Conjoint-Analyse 21 3.2.3 Logistische Regression 28 4. ANALYSEN 32 4.1 ZIELGRUPPENANALYSE 32 4.1.1 Zielgruppen 33 4.1.2 Merkmalsanalyse 33 4.2 KORRELATIONSANALYSE 44 4.3 AUSWAHLBASIERTE CONJOINT-ANALYSE 45 4.3.1 Lange Strecken 46 4.3.2 Kurze Strecken 54 4.3.3 Lange und kurzen Strecken zusammen 59 4.3.4 Ergebnis der auswahlbasierten Conjoint-Analyse 65 4.4 LOGISTISCHE REGRESSION 66 4.4.1 Lange Strecken 67 4.4.2 Kurze Strecken 71 4.4.3 Ergebnis der logistischen Regression 74 4.5 ERGEBNIS DER ANALYSEN 75 5. KRITISCHE WÜRDIGUNG 76 6. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK 77 QUELLENVERZEICHNIS 79 ANHANG 82 / Since the liberalisation in 2013, the amount of intercity bus users is continuously increasing. The concept of offering a large variety in routes as well as attractive pricing, helps intercity buses to a great popularity. Moreover, this option of traveling impresses with its eco-friendliness. Due to the location of the bus stops, the traveling time in intercity busses cannot keep up with the one of comparable competitors. Within this thesis, a selective conjoint analysis is conducted. The goal is to gain an insight on the option of potential customers towards bus stops within the city compared to their view of bus stops close to the traveling route. The decision is primarily based on travel costs and travel time whereas socioeconomic factors are only considered briefly. Concluding, bus stops close to the traveling route are an alternative choice for as long as they are located within reach of local public transportation.:Inhaltsverzeichnis ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS III TABELLENVERZEICHNIS IV SYMBOLVERZEICHNIS VI ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS VIII 1. EINLEITUNG 9 1.1 MOTIVATION 9 1.2 ORGANISATION DIESER ARBEIT 9 2. DER FERNBUSVERKEHR 10 2.1 ALLGEMEIN 10 2.2 PERSPEKTIVEN UND ENTWICKLUNGSMÖGLICHKEITEN 11 2.3 AKTUELLE STUDIEN 12 3. METHODISCHES VORGEHEN 17 3.1 DATENSPEZIFIKATION 17 3.1.1 Fragebogen 17 3.1.2 Daten 19 3.2 METHODEN 19 3.2.1 Allgemein 19 3.2.2 Auswahlbasierte Conjoint-Analyse 21 3.2.3 Logistische Regression 28 4. ANALYSEN 32 4.1 ZIELGRUPPENANALYSE 32 4.1.1 Zielgruppen 33 4.1.2 Merkmalsanalyse 33 4.2 KORRELATIONSANALYSE 44 4.3 AUSWAHLBASIERTE CONJOINT-ANALYSE 45 4.3.1 Lange Strecken 46 4.3.2 Kurze Strecken 54 4.3.3 Lange und kurzen Strecken zusammen 59 4.3.4 Ergebnis der auswahlbasierten Conjoint-Analyse 65 4.4 LOGISTISCHE REGRESSION 66 4.4.1 Lange Strecken 67 4.4.2 Kurze Strecken 71 4.4.3 Ergebnis der logistischen Regression 74 4.5 ERGEBNIS DER ANALYSEN 75 5. KRITISCHE WÜRDIGUNG 76 6. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK 77 QUELLENVERZEICHNIS 79 ANHANG 82

Ce travail de recherche traite de la problématique des transports dans les villes d’Indonésie, Jakarta et Bandung, mais également de la grande concurrence modale du trajet Jakarta-Bandung et Bandung-Jakarta. Les préférences des passagers sont des variables très importantes à connaître en raison de leurs impacts pour choisir un mode de transport parmi d’autres. Dans les transports, le modèle Logit est largement utilisé comme une méthode pour aborder la problématique du choix de transport multimodal comportant de multiples variables, mais dans la présente recherche, ces modèles ne sont pas appropriés pour la résolution de nos problèmes, car il y a des variables particulières à identifier et à prendre en compte. Par conséquent, nous avons développé pour nos besoins le modèle « Logit Mixed Multinomial Adapté (LMMA) » comme outil dédié à l’analyse décisionnelle dans le choix des modes de transport des passagers. La première partie de nos travaux de recherches porte sur l’identification et la compréhension des problèmes de transports intra-cité d’origine et de destination pour le choix du mode de transport entre Jakarta et Bandung (et puis entre Bandung et Jakarta). La seconde partie concerne le processus de décision final en proposant et en analysant les résultats d’un questionnaire adressé à de nombreux utilisateurs de la liaison Jakarta-Bandung (et Bandung-Jakarta). L’analyse permet pour chaque situation d’origine et de destination, et en tenant compte des services offerts par chaque mode inter-cité, d’identifier quel est le mode le plus compétitif. / An ideal city or intercity transport system is one where all the transport networks, involving in general different modes of transport, could serve together the cities connections to fulfill a passenger demand and satisfaction. Each transport network should have a logical layout (as possible with minimum discontinuities) to meet the required demands. Also in that ideal system, the different modes of transport should not only have their own good performances but also the exchange between modes should be done with harmony. The conditions as mentioned above are worldwide challenges. The present work deals with the transportation problematic between two Indonesian cities, and also with the high modal competition on the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. On that corridor, road transport is currently the main demanding mode for passengers transportation. The airlines cannot compete and discontinued their operations to this route. Nowadays, railway transport is decaying. Passengers preferences are the main variables for the final modal choice. It is necessary to know preferences due to their decisions impacts to choose one mode over the others. Those preferences are in fact not simple to express in a complex city and intercity transport system. In transportation, the Logit model is widely used as a method to explore the problematic of modal choices involving a lot of different variables. There are several Logit models already developed, such as “General Extreme Value”, “Probit”, and “Nested model”, but in this research, they are not compatible to solve our defined problems because there are some particular identified variables to be taken into account. Therefore we propose the "Adapted Mixed Multinomial Logit (AMML)" Model as a tool for analysis towards passenger's decision in modal choices. On the Jakarta-Bandung corridor, modal choices are influenced by the encountered problems in intercity transport at origin and destination. One part on this research deals with identification and understanding of the intracity transport problems of origin and destination on the choice of transport mode in Jakarta-Bandung corridor (Jakarta-Bandung and Bandung-Jakarta direction). The second part of this research deals with the final decision process by analyzing the results of questionnaires addressed to many users of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The five main variables of the last questionnaire are travel time, overall cost, security conditions, quality of travel information and connectivity conditions relevant to intercity transport and intracities transport conditions as well. After validation of the questionaires, this research uses the AMML model to get final decision result by comparing one mode among three intercity transport mode (train, minibus, and car) using the values of the variables. Taking into account the characteristics of each intercity mode of transportation, the analysis identifies the most competitive intercity transport mode for each situation from departure city to arrival city. Using alternative public and private transport modes policies, one could in the future modify passenger choice on intercity transport mode. Therefore, this study is relevant for improving of intracity and intercity transport systems.