As First Nations establish new reserves in urban areas, it creates opportunities for “intergovernmental” land use planning relationships between First Nations and adjacent local governments. However, at present, limited resources exist to guide practitioners through these new relationships. This research explores the practical realities of intergovernmental planning in Manitoba, and analyses current practice’s congruence with pre-established principles for a renewed relationship between First Nations and Non-First Nations. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect “practice stories” about practitioners’ grounded experiences with intergovernmental planning work in Manitoba. Findings suggest that relationship building between local governments and First Nations is taking place largely due to the informal initiatives of individual staff, often in absence of formal organizational support. Despite the challenges associated with this work, intergovernmental planning relationships have promising opportunities to bring about mutual benefits for both parties, and to contribute to reconciliation between First Nations and non-First Nations peoples. / October 2016

The research, presented here, is about the collaborative governance and adaptive management in coastal planning efforts of Louisiana. Fundamental conflict, between the idea of environmental conservation and developmental growth, has always existed in the coastal regions. The presence of the large number of environmental laws, at various levels of government and their different management objectives for utilization of coastal resources, requires study of intergovernmental relationship. Taking Plaquemines Parish as a case in point, this thesis will, therefore, review the critical restoration plans for intergovernmental coordination and conflicts. It will also provide recommendations, for elected representatives and policy makers, with an aim to promote collaborative governance and improve adaptive management of coastal resources.

O trabalho concentra-se sobre o critério do valor adicionado fiscal na repartição do ICMS, com o objetivo de verificar sua adequação como mecanismo de provisão de recursos financeiros a Municípios, no contexto do federalismo fiscal brasileiro. Mediante análise teórica, de dados de distribuição e legislação referente à repartição e ao ICMS, identificamos que o valor adicionado fiscal é gerador de enormes desigualdades de tratamento entre Municípios de porte equivalente e de oscilações brutais de valores de transferência de um para outro ano, mas, sobretudo, que é juridicamente inadequado à multiplicidade de locais de ocorrência de fatos geradores e a heterogeneidade do imposto que pretende repartir. Não atinge, assim, o propósito de medir a adição de valor em um território, nem o de conferir aos Municípios receitas em montante similar ao potencial de arrecadação de um imposto sobre valor adicionado municipal depurado dos efeitos de imunidades, isenções, diferimentos e substituições tributárias, que justificou sua criação. A permanência da utilização do critério do valor adicionado por décadas é apontada no trabalho como resultante de acomodações e ajustes institucionais, característicos de dependência de trajetória (path dependence), que, desrespeitando os limites jurídicos de regulamentação, disfarçam a inadequação do critério e perpetuam as desigualdades e instabilidades dele advindas. Justifica-se, assim, que atenções sejam voltadas à análise de alternativas à repartição do ICMS por outros meios que não o VAF e o aperfeiçoamento de seus mecanismos de regulação, caso permaneça sendo utilizado. / The Added Value Criteria (VAF) is used in Brazil for purposes of ICMS (A State tax on circulation of goods, communication and interstate and intercity transportation services) revenue sharing to cities. The data on how the VAT based tax sharing occurs shows that VAT is a source of inequalities in resource distribution to cities of equivalent population and oscillations in the amounts received by a given city along the years. Moreover and as the central hypothesis of this thesis, VAF, as defined in Brazilian legislation, is not suitable to the complexity of situations and places of occurrence of ICMS taxable events nor to the effects of ICMS on prices, being, thus, unable to measure the value added in each city territory and to protect the revenue sharing from the effects of ICMS exemptions, constitutional immunities, deferrals and tax substitutions. Being so, the VAT regulations, do not recreate the potential of a municipal VAT, falling short in accomplishing the purposes it was created for. In spite of its defects, VAT remains in use decades after its creation as a result of accommodations and institutional adjustments that can be explained by a path dependence trajectory that was, and still, is able to disguise its chronic inadequacies and to perpetuate the inequalities and instabilities arising out of such distribution criteria. Our conclusions on VAF justify the study of other alternatives for the ICMS revenue sharing, as well as attempts to improve the quality of VAT regulations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Locci Furtado.pdf: 690774 bytes, checksum: e0609ad065693526868efe0671bae1fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-24 / This study analyses two paradigms of regional integration, the European Union, as the most advanced model and the Mercosul. The purposes of this study is to analyze the possibility of promoting of development in the member-states within the regional integration and the regional integration too, breaking the paradigms, showing the possibility of becoming true the integration through different models as the Mercosul, and not only through the supranational European model. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate which would be the necessary development to the States, as for the regional integration, independently of the model adopted and developed taking into account the dynamics in the economy and human development of each country. During this study, firstly, it will be analysed the fundamental elements to the fruition thereof, as the State. Then, we took into consideration the notion of sovereignty, as in the different standards and levels of integration and then the origin thereof based on the development achieved by the States. Using the European Union, as the supranational model of integration and Mercosul as the intergovernmental model, compare the development of the Statemembers, to demonstrate the existence or not of an ideal model of integration / O trabalho analisa dois paradigmas de integração regional, a União Européia, modelo mais avançado de integração, e o Mercosul. Objetiva vislumbrar a possibilidade de desenvolvimento dos países-membros de uma integração regional e do próprio processo de integração regional quebrar padrões, ou seja, demonstrar a possibilidade de haver uma integração real, com desenvolvimento crescente dos Estados-membros, através de um modelo intergovernamental como o do Mercosul, e não somente do europeu supranacional. A preocupação é verificar o que seria necessário para que os Estados, com a integração regional, possam se desenvolver em termos de riqueza econômica e desenvolvimento humano. Assim, o trabalho primeiramente analisa os elementos fundamentais para a consecução do estudo, como o Estado. Após, passa ao estudo da soberania - pois, nos modelos diferentes de integração, há um maior ou menor compartilhamento da soberania -, a seguir, da integração, suas origens e fases, do desenvolvimento, nas suas concepções variadas, da globalização, que aproximou a integração econômica, política e social e, por último, do desenvolvimento dos Estados. Usando a União Européia como modelo supranacional de integração e o Mercosul como exemplo do intergovernamental, compara o desenvolvimento dos seus Estados-membros, para assim demonstrar a existência, ou não, de um padrão ideal de integração

A concepção tradicional de federação remete à possibilidade de uma melhor organização do Estado, proporcionando-lhe maior desempenho na execução da atividade financeira para satisfazer as necessidades públicas em níveis mais eficientes. As estruturas federativas existentes no mundo, porém, apresentam diferenças entre si e vários são os elementos que contribuem para essa ocorrência, motivo pelo qual não se pode conceber um modelo único de federação, imune a deficiências e problemas. Um Estado federado, dependendo do padrão de federação que adote (mais descentralizado ou menos descentralizado, por exemplo), pode não ser capaz de solucionar questões de vital interesse à sociedade. Na presente tese de doutorado, o autor analisa as características da federação brasileira e procura perscrutar se existe relação entre a estrutura do federalismo fiscal adotada no Brasil e a ocorrência de desvios de recursos públicos, dentre os quais os deflagrados por atos de corrupção. A preocupação contida no estudo não é apenas a de investigar essa relação, mas a de avaliar suas possíveis causas, analisando de forma criteriosa os níveis de descentralização presentes na federação e o grau de autonomia dos entes federados. No primeiro capítulo são discutidos o conceito, características e classificação dos Estados federais, a importância da federação para a atividade financeira estatal, os princípios do federalismo fiscal e as funções fiscais alocativa, distributiva e estabilizadora. A investigação sobre a possibilidade da existência de vínculo entre o desvio de recursos e o tipo de estrutura do federalismo fiscal é objeto de análise no segundo capítulo, no qual também serão expostas definições e características de condutas que tendem a provocar o mencionado transviamento, tais como o rent-seeking (comportamento caçador de renda), o patrimonialismo, o clientelismo, o coronelismo e a corrupção. O terceiro capítulo cuida da análise do arcabouço do federalismo fiscal brasileiro e procura examinar se os níveis de descentralização presentes no país são adequados para uma perfeita relação entre os entes subnacionais e o governo central, bem como se essa estrutura impede ou estimula as ocorrências de desvios de recursos públicos. No quarto capítulo, as hipóteses contidas nos capítulos anteriores são demonstradas por meio da análise do processo orçamentário federal (mais especificamente em relação às consequências advindas da elaboração da lei orçamentária anual) e das transferências intergovernamentais no Brasil. / The traditional conception of a federation leads us to the possibility of a better organized Government, capable of satisfactorily performing the financial activity in order to meet the public needs at more efficient levels. However, the federative structures existing worldwide today are quite different from each other and various are the elements contributing to such occurrence and this is why we cannot conceive one single federation model unaffected by deficiencies and problems. A federate Union, depending on the federation model adopted thereby (either a more or less decentralized one, for instance), may be unable to solve issues of vital interest to the society as a whole. In this dissertation, the author analyzes the characteristics of the Brazilian federation and seeks to scrutinize whether there is a relation between the fiscal federalism structure adopted in Brazil and the occurrence of deviation of public funds, including those triggered by corruption acts. Rather than simply investigating such relation, this dissertation is concerned with evaluating the possible causes for deviation of public funds, minutely examining the levels of decentralization present in the federation and the degree of autonomy among the federated entities. In chapter one, the author discusses the concept, characteristics and classification of the federal states, the importance of the federation for the financial activity performed by the Government, the principles of fiscal federalism and the allocable, distributive and stabilizing fiscal functions. Whether there is a connection between the deviation of funds and the type of structure of fiscal federalism is investigated in chapter two, where definitions and characteristics of conducts prone to cause the mentioned deviation are expounded by the author, such as rent-seeking, patrimonialism, clientelism, coronelismo and corruption. In chapter three, the author analyzes the framework of Brazilian fiscal federalism and examines whether the levels of decentralization existing in Brazil are proper for a perfect relation between the subnational entities and the central Government, as well as whether such structure either impedes or otherwise fosters the occurrences of public fund deviation. Chapter three demonstrates the hypotheses contained in the previous chapters by means of an analysis of the federal budgetary process (more specifically in relation to the consequences derived from preparation of the annual budgetary law) and intergovernmental transfers in Brazil.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-28T10:36:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermes Cardoso Reis_.pdf: 1817385 bytes, checksum: 4c879f6ee17580dbe48144a22eac00fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-28T10:36:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermes Cardoso Reis_.pdf: 1817385 bytes, checksum: 4c879f6ee17580dbe48144a22eac00fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a utilização de práticas de gestão econômica e financeira por Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde estabelecidos no Rio Grande do Sul. Os CIS são estruturas de cooperação regional e intergovernamental formados entre municípios para atuar na área da saúde pública visando, principalmente, à redução de custos e ampliação da oferta de serviços de saúde. Como entes da administração pública indireta e por sua atuação na saúde pública, são subordinados aos princípios da administração dos entes públicos e aos princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A administração pública a partir de meados do século passado vem, em nível global, sofrendo reformas que caracterizam o movimento conhecido como New Public Management (NPM). A NPM confere um caráter mais gerencial à administração pública incorporando práticas de gestão típicas da iniciativa privada. Assim, práticas de gestão econômica e financeira são vistas como úteis para apoiar o processo decisório visando ao planejamento, o controle da execução e a avaliação de desempenho dos programas e ações das entidades públicas conforme os princípios constitucionais, principalmente considerando ambientes de escassez de recursos e alta demanda como a área da saúde pública. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se estudo quantitativo de natureza aplicada e descritiva no qual as percepções dos gestores dos CIS quanto à utilização destas práticas de gestão foram coletadas por meio de instrumento de pesquisa e tratados de forma objetiva, com uso de técnicas de estatística descritiva e exploratória. Assim, os CIS foram classificados e agrupados conforme o grau de utilização das práticas de gestão. A partir disso, constatou-se que o objetivo dos CIS não é formular estratégias para reduzir custos e ampliar e qualificar a oferta. O CIS é instancia de execução, de realização. É a própria ferramenta operacional cujo objetivo é racionalizar recursos na gestão conjunta de serviços terceirizados de saúde. Por esta razão, faz uso reduzido das práticas de gestão econômica e financeira. E a preocupação precípua da gestão dos CIS é voltada para o cumprimento estrito das obrigações legais e normativas para si e para os municípios associados. / The objective of this study is to analyze the use of economic and financial management practices used by public health consortiums (CIS) established in Rio Grande do Sul. The CIS are regional and intergovernmental cooperation structures formed between municipalities to work in public health in order mainly at reducing costs and increasing the supply of health services. As entities of the indirect public administration and for his role in public health, are subordinate to the principles of management of public entities and the principles and guidelines of the Brazilian public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS). The public administration from the last century has, globally, suffering reforms that characterize the movement known as New Public Management (NPM). NPM provides a more managerial character to government incorporating typical management practices of private enterprise. Thus, economic and financial management practices are seen as necessary to support the decision-making process to the planning, execution and control of the performance evaluation of programs and actions of public entities according to the constitutional principles, especially given the scarcity of resources and environments high demand as the area of public health. Thus, we developed a quantitative study of applied nature and descriptive in which the perceptions of managers of CIS on the use of these management practices were collected through research tool and treated objectively, using descriptive and exploratory statistics techniques. Thus, the CIS were classified and grouped according to the degree of use of management practices. From this, it was found that the objective of the CIS is not formulate strategies to reduce costs and expand and qualify the offer. The CIS is instance of execution. It is the very operational tool aimed at rationalizing resources in the joint management of outsourced healthcare services. For this reason, it makes little use of economic and financial management practices. And the main concern of CIS management is focused on strict compliance with legal and regulatory obligations to themselves and to the associated municipalities.

<p>Can a country function without a legislative framework able to inform decisionmaking processes taken at different spheres of government? To what extent would actions conducted at various&nbsp / spheres of government be efficiently coordinated and informed by appropriate channels of constitutional provisions and legislative amendments to consolidate financial and intergovernmental&nbsp / fiscal relations policy-making tools for the realization of an efficient local developmental state? Answers to the above mentioned two questions refer to normative fiscal policy principles and&nbsp / prescriptive instruments of intergovernmental fiscal transfer design, whose orientation suggests better ways of framing sound and coherent programs and interventions that strengthen&nbsp / cooperative synergy and transfer knowledge of experience gained in empirical investigations and various South African environments of higher academic learning. Growing evidence&nbsp / acknowledges South Africa as one of the young democratic countries that has been going through a period of transition over the past three years as it changes its system of public finance from&nbsp / a structure suited to the old apartheid system to one consistent with the new South African Constitutional dispensation. While the former system was highly centralized, the newconstitution makes a clear commitment to municipal governments as important providers of government services, with greater tax and spending powers. Even as local autonomy has been substantially increased,&nbsp / there remains uncertainty as to the most appropriate design of a system of intergovernmental fiscal grants to metropolitan areas and townships. This study analyses this situation and further&nbsp / develops a generic design for intergovernmental transfers and its suitability to the realities of South African municipalities on the ground within the framework of Cooperative Government. This&nbsp / study concludes that fiscal&nbsp / management, as a cross-cutting discipline, is a&nbsp / powerful instrument for government&rsquo / s revenue sources at the national, provincial and local government levels.&nbsp / Financial management should be regarded as a co-coordinating mechanism managing government&rsquo / s expenditure and catalyzing sound financial relationship for an efficient management in the&nbsp / country, thus allowing government to budget effectively for the delivery of goods and services in order to attain the constitutional mandate of a developmental state.</p>

En aquesta tesi s'estudia el federalisme executiu canadenc. Entenem per aquest concepte el model de relacions intergovernamentals caracteritzat pel fet que les relacions entre els diferentes nivells de poder a l'interior d'una federació estan monopolitzades pels respectius executius, en detriment d'altres institucions polítiques - parlaments, partits polítics. La hipòtesi que sostinc és que, al Canadà, aquest model de relacions intergovernamentals s'ha vist influenciat per la centralitat que històricament ha tingut en la dinàmica política interna, el debat entorn la qüestió nacional. Aquest debat sorgeix arran de la voluntat política d'una part de la societat quebequesa, i en conseqüència dels governs quebequesos, d'autogovernar-se i d'evitar el risc de la minorització. Això no obstant, els successius governs federals tracten el Quebec com "una província més", igual que la resta de províncies. La negativa d'Ottawa a reconèixer el Quebec com a nació ha reforçat els partidaris de l'accessió a la sobirania. / In this thesis it is studied Canadian Executive Federalism. We define this concept as an intergovernmental relation's model characterized by the fact that relations between different levels of power within a federation are monopolized by executives, rather than by other political institutions -such as parliaments or political parties. The hypothesis defended is that, in Canada, this intergovernmental relation's model has been influenced by the centrality that the national question debate has play historically. This debate starts as part of Quebec's society will, and consequently, of Quebec executives will, of self-government as a measure to avoid minorisation risks. However, successive federal governments treat Quebec as a province like the rest. The Ottawa opposition to recognize Quebec as a nation has reinforced those who prone for accession to sovereignty.

Non-state actors, such as international environmental organisations, business associations and indigenous peoples organisations, increasingly take on governance functions that can influence the delivery of global public goods. This thesis examines the roles of these actors in the field of global climate change governance. Specifically, the thesis examines why and how non-state actors are involved in global climate change governance, the governance activities that they may perform and are perceived to perform, and their views on climate change solutions. The thesis also discusses the implications of their roles for how authority is shared between states and non-state actors in global climate change governance. The research questions are addressed by triangulating several empirical methods. The results show that the roles of non-state actors are continuously evolving and depend on the changing nature of relations between state and non-state actors as well as efforts by non-state actors to expand their policy space by justifying and seeking recognition for their participation. Moreover, the findings point to the importance of differentiating between groups of non-state actors, as they represent diverse interests and have different comparative advantages across governance activities. Which non-state actors participate and to what extent therefore has implications for the effects of their involvement in global climate change governance. On the basis of a systematic assessment of a set of non-state actors, this thesis concludes that the key role-categories of non-state actors in global climate change governance are broadly: shapers of information and ideas, brokers of knowledge, norms and initiatives, and doers of implementing policies and influencing behaviours. Different non-state actors carry out activities within these role-categories to different extents. In addition to the empirical mapping of the roles of non-state actors in global climate change governance, this thesis contributes to two strands in the literature: one theoretical focusing on the authority and legitimacy of non-state actors in global environmental governance, and the other methodological, offering a toolbox that combines survey data with qualitative methods. / Icke-statliga aktörer, exempelvis internationella miljöorganisationer, näringslivsorganisationer och ursprungsbefolkningsorganisationer, fyller alltmer framträdande funktioner i den globala klimatstyrningen. Dessa organisationer kan därmed påverka utformningen av globala kollektiva nyttigheter. Denna avhandling undersöker dessa aktörers roller inom den globala klimatstyrningen. Avhandlingen utforskar varför och på vilket sätt icke-statliga aktörer deltar i den globala klimatstyrningen, uppfattningar om vilka styraktiviteter de utför, och ifall de bidrar till en mer pluralistisk syn på klimatproblematikens lösningar. I avhandlingen diskuteras vilka konsekvenser de icke-statliga aktörernas roller har för hur auktoritet delas mellan stater och icke-statliga aktörer i den globala klimatpolitiken. Forskningsfrågorna behandlas genom att triangulera flera empiriska metoder. Resultaten från dessa undersökningar visar att de icke-statliga aktörernas roller utvecklas kontinuerligt och att dynamiken dels beror på den skiftande relationen mellan statliga och icke-statliga aktörer, dels på de icke-statliga aktörernas egna ansträngningar att öka sitt politiska handlingsutrymme och få erkännande för sitt deltagande. Dessutom pekar resultaten på vikten av att skilja mellan olika grupper av icke-statliga aktörer, eftersom de representerar skilda intressen och har komparativa fördelar i olika styraktiviteter. En konsekvens av detta är att det spelar roll vilka grupper av icke-statliga aktörer som ges tillträde till den internationella klimatdiplomatin. Baserat på en systematisk  bedömning av vad några av de icke-statliga aktörerna anses göra, dras slutsatsen att de viktigaste rollkategorierna som icke-statliga aktörer har är: formare av information och idéer, mäklare av kunskap, normer och initiativ, och görare genom att bidra till implementering och påverka beteenden, men att olika icke-statliga aktörer utför dessa roller i olika utsträckning. Utöver den empiriska kartläggningen av icke-statliga aktörers roller i den globala klimatstyrningen, bidrar avhandlingen dels till den teoretiska litteraturen kring icke-statliga aktörers auktoritet och legitimitet inom den globala miljöstyrningen, dels metodologiskt genom att utveckla analysverktyg som kombinerar enkätdata med kvalitativa metoder.

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p align="left">In this thesis I argue that by taking account of economic disparities and backlogs in intergovernmental infrastructure grants to municipalities in South Africa, government will effectively meet its constitutional obligation to equitably allocate infrastructure grants to local government according to the principles of parity, proportionality and priority (Young, 1994). Municipalities will thus be able to provide basic services to households in keeping with the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of South Africa (1996). Adapting the Petchey et al (2004) provincial capital expenditure grant model to the provision of municipal services using secondary data and information from local municipalities in the Cape Winelands District, I evaluate whether government&rsquo / s existing municipal grants are allocated equitably and, whether they account for disparities that differentiate municipalities from each other. The findings from my analysis show that the current approach to financing municipal infrastructure does not sufficiently account for disparities and thus, undermines the requirement for equitability, adequacy and efficiency of intergovernmental allocations. Consequently, the right of citizens to basic municipal services is compromised and the macroeconomic structure is weakened. Furthermore the institutional arrangements for local government autonomy is undermined because municipalities cannot ensure stability, predictability, flexibility and economic efficiency of infrastructure budgets. As municipalities receive part of their finance from national government through infrastructure grants, I used data from five local municipalities to examine the extent to which there is equitability and efficiency in the way this finance is allocated. To this end I constructed and applied a composite disparity index for each municipality to my adapted municipal infrastructure grant model to analyze and observe the impact of economic disparities in grant allocations. The findings show that a grant model that accounts for economic disparities satisfies the constitutional, economic and institutional considerations that should inform municipal grant allocation decisions. I conclude the thesis by highlighting the limitations and possibilities of using a municipal infrastructure grant model that accounts for economic disparities and, I propose some recommendations for applying such a model in South Africa.</p>