Tidigare forskning har visat på en bristande omfattning av studier som undersökerdigitaliseringens påverkan på fastighetsbranschen. Denna studie bidrar till kunskapsluckangenom att utforska hur digitala verktyg används av stora fastighetsbolag i Sverige för atteffektivisera processer och verksamheten i stort. Studien syftar till att ge en bild avpotentialen av digitalisering inom fastighetsbranschen. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv ansats som harutgångspunkt i grundad teori där teorier och hypoteser utvecklats parallellt meddatainsamlingen. Studien undersöker digitaliseringens potential inom fastighetsbranschen, framförallt hurdigitala lösningar effektiviserar företagens processer och drift. Insamling och användning avdata från sensorer och mätare skapar en förståelse för fastigheternas status, vilket gör detlättare att ta snabba beslut, upptäcka avvikelser och spara resurser. Trots att det finns hindermed teknisk komplexitet och höga investeringskostnader som kan innebära en risk, uttryckerrespondenterna en vilja att fortsätta digitalisera sig för att möta kundkrav och dra nytta av flerekonomiska fördelar i framtiden. / Previous research has shown a lack of scope in studies that examine the impact of digitizationon the real estate industry. This study contributes to the knowledge gap by exploring howdigital tools are used by large real estate companies in Sweden to streamline processes andoperations in general. The study aims to provide an overview of the potential of digitizationin the real estate sector. The study adopts a qualitative method with an inductive approach that is based on groundedtheory where theories and hypotheses are developed in parallel with the collected data. The study investigates the potential of digitization in the real estate industry, particularly howdigital solutions make the company's processes and operations more efficient. The collectionand use of data from sensors and meters creates an understanding of the properties' status,which makes it easier to make quick decisions, detect deviations and save resources. Despiteobstacles of technical complexity and high investment costs that may pose risks, respondentsexpress a willingness to continue digitizing to meet customer demands and benefit from morefinancial benefits in the future.

The Internet has been growing rapidly during the past threedecades, evolving into a new paradigm called the Internet ofThings where all electronic devices are to be connected tothe global network. One of the most crucial needs forcommunication in this future global network is assuring its security.Datagram Transport Layer Security is a de facto standard protocolto secure end-to-end communication in the IoT. However, there isalso an increasing need for secure and efficient groupcommunication due to the frequently resource-constrained IoTenvironment. A DTLS adaptation for multicast communication hasbeen already proposed but protection of responses to multicastrequests has not been fully addressed yet. Furthermore, there is nopublicly available implementation of this adaptation. This thesis work is conducted in collaboration with SICS SwedishICT which is a research organization with a focus on appliedComputer Science. We have implemented the existing DTLS-basedapproach for multicast communication for the Contiki OS. We havealso implemented an approach for efficient response protectionthat was initially proposed at SICS and that we analyse andenhance in this thesis. Finally, we have experimentally evaluatedour and other approaches on a constrained hardware platform interms of memory requirements, communication performance andenergy consumption. We demonstrate advantages of our approachbased upon obtained results. / Internet har vuxit snabbt under de tre senaste decennierna, ochutvecklas till ett nytt paradigm kallat Internet of Things där allaelektroniska enheter kopplas till det globala nätverket. Ett av deviktigaste behoven för kommunikation i detta framtida globalanätverk är att garantera säkerhet. Datagram Transport LayerSecurity protokollet är en de facto-standard för säker end-to-endkommunikation i IoT. Det finns emellertid också ett ökande behovav säker och effektiv gruppkommunikation på grund av att IoTmiljöni regel är resursbegränsad. En anpassning av DTLS förmulticast-kommunikation har föreslagits men skydd av svar påmulticast-förfrågningar har ännu inte till fullo behandlats.Dessutom finns ingen offentligt tillgänglig implementation av dennaanpassning. Detta examensarbete utförs i samarbete med SICS Swedish ICTsom är en forskningsorganisation med fokus på tillämpaddatavetenskap. Vi har implementerat den existerande DTLSbaseradelösningen för multicast-kommunikation föroperativsystemet Contiki. Vi har också implementerat en lösningför effektivt skydd av svar på förfrågningar som ursprungligenföreslogs hos SICS och som vi analyserar och förbättrar i dettaexamensarbete. Slutligen har vi experimentellt utvärderat vår ochandra metoder på en begränsad hårdvaruplattform när det gällerminnesbehov, kommunikationsprestanda och energiförbrukning. Vivisar fördelar med vår metod baserat på de erhållna resultaten.

The aim of the current research was to create and validate the concept of adapting the Internet of Everything to develop a technical and vocational education and training framework. This research was conducted using sequential exploratory mixed method design and classification type methodology in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The qualitative phase was conducted using the integrated review method and its validation by 11 experts. The results obtained from the qualitative phase in 9 factors are: 1. Fundamental assumptions (such as technological assumptions, human assumptions, environmental assumptions, and educational assumptions), 2. internal effective factors (such as vision, mission, and strategic goals of the technical and professional organization, Availability of resources and knowledge in the technical and professional organization), 3. External factors (such as challenges and level of technological development in society), 4. Key stakeholders (such as content developers, teaching-learning centers, learning providers, cloud space providers, and software providers), 5. Resources (such as providing technological infrastructure and human competence), 6. Actions (such as recognizing the characteristics and interests of the learner and providing feedback), 7. Output (such as improving attention, motivation, learner participation, improving the interaction between the provider and the learner, and creating creative thinking), 8. Outcomes (such as developing smart services in technical and professional education, developing smart space in technical and professional education, and developing technical and professional skills based on digital technology) and 9. Effects (such as sustainable development, energy efficiency, flexibility of social welfare). Then, based on this framework, in the second (quantitative) phase, it was validated using a descriptive survey method through a questionnaire tool. 51 specialists in the Internet of Things, technical and vocational training, and E-learning responded to this questionnaire. Data were analyzed using PLS3 software. The results confirmed the reliability of 9 factors, and by conducting various tests based on convergent and divergent indices, 13 items did not have sufficient validity and were removed from the final framework. This framework will help the stakeholders, especially the policymakers, to better understand the concept of the Internet of Everything in a glance and a comprehensive process, and by using the guide provided at the end of this research, it is possible to integrate and continuously improve the movement in the implementation of this technology in the technical and vocational training.:Chapter One: Introduction 14 1-1. Background knowledge 14 1-2. Problem statement 16 1-3. Necessity and Importance 19 1-3-1. Theoretical Importance 20 1-3-2. Practical Importance 22 1-4. Research Objectives 23 1-5. Research Questions 23 1-6. Definition of terms 23 1-6-1. Internet of Things (IoT) 23 1-6-2. Internet of Everything (IoE) 23 1-6-3. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 23 1-6-4. Vocational Education and Training (VET) 24 1-6-5. Vocational Training 24 1-6-6. Technical Education 24 1-6-7. Career and Technical Education (CTE) 24 1-7. Summary 24 Chapter Two: Theory 25 2-1. Introduction 25 2-2. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 25 2-2-1. Theories related to this study 25 2-2-2. Innovative Approaches in Learning and Teaching 27 2-2-3. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Worldwide 29 2-2-4. Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Iran 33 2-2-4-1. History 33 2-2-4-2. Main Mission 35 2-2-4-3. Target Groups 35 2-2-4-4. Center for Trainer Education and Technical-Vocational Research 35 2-2-4-5. Standard Development 36 2-2-4-6. Skill and Vocational Competence Assessment 37 2-2-4-7. International Presence 37 2-2-4-8. National Skill Dialogue 37 2-2-4-9. Current challenges of TVET in IRAN 37 2-2-4-10. TVET Typology In Iran 39 2-3. Formation of The Internet of Everything Concept 40 2-3-1. The Concept of the Internet 40 2-3-2. Concept of the Web 42 2-3-2-1. Advantages of using Web 2.0: 42 2-3-2-2. Disadvantages of using Web 2.0: 43 2-3-3. The Internet of Things (IoT) Concept 44 2-3-4. Internet of Everything (IoE) Concept 49 2-3-5. Elements of the Internet of Everything (IoE) 51 2-3-5-1. Things 51 2-3-5-2. People 51 2-3-5-3. Data 51 2-3-5-4. Process 51 2-3-6. Models of the Internet of Things (IoT) 51 2-3-7. Models of Internet of Things in Education 52 2-3-8. The Internet of Everything in Education 56 2-3-9. Internet of Everythings models in higher education 57 2-3-10. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Education 58 2-4. Research Background 61 2-5. Summary 65 Chapter Three: Method 66 3-1. Introduction 66 3-2. Research Design 66 3-3. Qualitative Phase 68 3-3-1. Research Method 68 3-3-2. Formation of the Objective and Research Question 68 3-3-3. Systematic Search and Background Selection 68 3-3-4. Qualitative Evaluation 70 3-3-5. Analysis and Integration 70 3-3-6. Dissemination of Findings 71 3-4. Quantitative Phase 71 3-4-1. Research Method 71 3-4-2. Population and Sampling Method 71 3-4-3. Research Instruments 72 3-4-4. Validity and Reliability of the Research Framework 73 3-4-5. Implementation Method 73 3-4-6. Data Analysis Methods 73 3-5. Summary 73 Chapter Four: Data 74 4-1. Introduction 74 4-2. Qualitative results 74 4-2-1. A. Inputs 77 4-2-2. 1) Infrastructures 77 4-2-2-1. 1-1) Political infrastructure 77 4-2-2-2. 1-2) Technological infrastructure 77 4-2-3. 2)Stakeholders 77 4-2-4. B. Activities 77 4-2-4-1. 1)Teaching-learning paradigm 77 4-2-4-2. 2)Instructional design process 78 4-2-5. C. Outputs 79 4-2-6. D. Outcomes and Impacts 80 4-2-7. E. Challenges 80 4-2-8. Qualitative Assessment 80 4-3. Analysis of Qualitative Assessment Results 81 4-3-1. Themes 81 4-3-2. Organizing Themes 85 4-3-3. Themes Network 85 4-4. Summary of Qualitative Phase 86 4-5. Quantitative results 86 4-5-1. Convergent Validity 88 4-5-1-1. Construct Validity 88 4-5-1-2. Average Variance Extracted 90 4-5-2. Discriminant Validity 91 4-5-2-1. Cross-Loading Criterion 91 4-5-2-2. Fornell-Larcker Criterion 92 4-5-2-3. Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) Ratio Criterion 92 4-5-3. Reliability 93 4-6. Summary 94 Chapter Five: Discussion 95 5-1. Introduction 95 5-2. Theoretical Model of IoE based TVET Model 95 5-3. Conceptual Model of IoE based TVET Model 98 5-4. Practical Model of IoE based TVET Model 99 5-4-1. Awareness 100 5-4-2. Analyze and Define 101 5-4-3. Design and Development 101 5-4-4. Implement 102 5-4-5. Quality Assurance 104 5-5. Conclusion 105 5-5-1. Fundamental Assumptions 106 5-5-2. Internal Factors 107 5-5-3. External Factors 107 5-5-4. Stakeholders 108 5-5-5. Resources 109 5-5-6. Activities 109 5-5-7. Outputs 109 5-5-8. Outcomes 110 5-5-9. Impacts 110 5-6. Recommendations 110 5-6-1. Practical Recommendations 110 5-6-2. Research Recommendations 112 5-7. Limitations 112 5-7-1. Implementation Limitations 112 5-7-2. Research Limitations 112 5-7-3. Research Innovations 112 5-7-4. Contributions 113 5-8. Summary 113 References 117 Appendix 1 139 Appendix 2 150

En av hörnstenarna inom Industri 4.0 och den moderna anslutningen på fabriksgolvet är användningen av standardiserade kommunikationsprotokoll. Med utvecklingen av kommunikation idag och dess användning i industrier blir behovet av att överföra information snabbt mer akut. I denna avhandling har etablerade IIoT-kommunikationsprotokoll utvärderats för deras prestanda för dataöverföringshastighet mellan system. De analyserade kommunikationsprotokollen är OPC-UA, MQTT, AMQP och ROS. Testmiljön för att utvärdera protokollen består av två datorer som är anslutna via en switch. Testerna består av att skicka tre typer av data, en bild i form av en bytearray, en JSON-fil och heltal. Resultaten av testet kommer att jämföras genom att se hur snabbt protokollen kan skicka dessa typer av data samtidigt. Resultaten kommer sedan att analyseras för att föreslå ett lämpligt protokoll för ett distributionssystem som skickar dessa typer av data. / One of the cornerstones of Industry 4.0 and the state-of-the-art industrial shop floor connectivity is the use of standardized communication protocols. With the development of communications today and its use in industries, the need to transfer information quickly becomes more urgent. In this thesis common IIoT communication protocols have been evaluated for their performance for data transfer rate between systems. The communication protocols that are analyzed are OPC-UA, MQTT, AMQP, and ROS. The test bench for evaluating the protocols is made up of two computers connected by a switch. The tests consist of sending three types of data, an image in the form of a bytearray, a JSON file and integers. The results of the test will be compared by seeing how fast the protocols can send these types of data concurrently. The results will then be analyzed to propose a suitable protocol for a distributed system sending these types of data.

Das weite Feld der Digitalisierung findet in Deutschland unter dem Begriff "Industrie 4.0" erste Anwendungen in der Arbeitswelt. Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit untersucht industrielle Assistenzsysteme. Diese können in ganz unterschiedler Art und Weise dem Mitarbeiter zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Unterstützung bei der Verrichtung von Arbeitsaufgaben ist das Ziel. Dabei können die Systeme als tragbare Kleinstcomputer am Körper eingesetzt werden, oder als umfassendes Verarbeitungssystem von Produktionsdaten im Unternehmen implementiert werden. Betrachtet werden zwei prägnante Beispiele aus diesem Bereich der Assistenz für den Mitarbeiter im produzierenden Unternehmen. Eine ständig wachsende Menge von Assistenzsystemen am Markt lässt sich bislang nur anhand von Werbung und Produktvorstellungen charakterisieren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die beiden Beispielsysteme nach Gesichtspunkten der Arbeitswissenschaft zu untersuchen. Tauglichkeit für das Tagesgeschäft, ergonomische und mitarbeiterfreundliche Bedienung werden betrachtet. In den theoretischen Grundlagen wird ein allgemeines Verständnis der Begriffe aus dem Bereich der Digitalisierung aufgebaut. Weiterhin wird ein Überblick über die verwendeten Beispielsysteme ausgehend von deren Produktvorstellungen gegeben. Diese Systeme werden mit qualitativen Forschungsmethoden durch einen Experten der Branche evaluiert. Kernaussagen aus verschiedenen Bereichen, wie beispielsweise Ergonomie und Einsetzbarkeit werden abgeleitet. / The broad field of digitalisation finds its first applications in the German working environment under the term "Industry 4.0". This bachelor thesis examines industrial assistance systems that can be made available to employees in many different ways, with the goal to support the performance of work tasks. The systems can be used as portable microcomputers on the body or implemented as a comprehensive processing system for company production data. The thesis examines two concise examples from this area of employee assistance in manufacturing companies. To date, a constantly growing number of assistance systems on the market can only be characterised by advertising and product concepts. The aim of this thesis is to analyize the two example systems from an ergonomics point of view as well as suitability for day-to-day business and employee-friendly operations. In the theoretical basics, a general understanding of terms from the field of digitalisation is developed. Furthermore, an overview of the example systems utilized is provided based on their product presentations. These systems are evaluated by an industry expert using qualitative research method to determine core statements from various areas, such as ergonomics and usability.

This thesis presents the design and prototype implementation of a digital twin based on a knowledge graph for Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. The digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical object or system that must continually integrate and update knowledge in rapidly changing environments. The proposed knowledge graph is designed to store and efficiently query a large number of IoT devices in a complex logical structure, use rule-based reasoning to infer new facts, and integrate unanticipated devices into the existing logical structure in order to adapt to changing environments. The digital twin is implemented using the open-source TypeDB knowledge graph and tested in a simplified automobile production line environment. The main focus of the work is on the integration of unanticipated devices, for which a similarity metric is implemented to identify similar existing devices and determine the appropriate integration into the knowledge graph. The proposed digital twin knowledge graph is a promising solution for managing and integrating knowledge in rapidly changing IoT environments, providing valuable insights and support for decision-making. / I den här avhandlingen presenteras utformningen och prototypimplementeringen av en digital tvilling baserad på en kunskapsgraf för IoT-plattformar (Internet of Things). Den digitala tvillingen är en virtuell representation av ett fysiskt objekt eller system som måste integrera och uppdatera kunskap i snabbt föränderliga miljöer. Den föreslagna kunskapsgrafen är utformad för att lagra och effektivt söka efter en stor uppsättning IoT-enheter i en komplex logisk struktur, använda regelbaserade resonemang för att härleda nya fakta och integrera oväntade enheter i den befintliga logiska strukturen för att anpassa sig till föränderliga miljöer. Den digitala tvillingen genomförs med hjälp av kunskapsgrafen TypeDB med öppen källkod och testas i en förenklad miljö för bilproduktion. Huvudfokus ligger på integrationen av oväntade enheter, för vilka ett likhetsmått implementeras för att identifiera liknande befintliga enheter och bestämma lämplig integration i kunskapsgrafen. Den föreslagna kunskapsgrafen för digitala tvillingar är en lovande lösning för att hantera och integrera kunskap i snabbt föränderliga IoT-miljöer, vilket ger värdefulla insikter och stöd för beslutsfattande. / Esta tesis presenta el diseño e implementación de un prototipo de gemelo digital basado en un grafo de conocimiento para plataformas de Internet de las Cosas (IoT). El gemelo digital es una representación virtual de un objeto o sistema físico que debe integrar y actualizar continuamente el conocimiento en entornos que cambian rápidamente. El grafo de conocimiento propuesto está diseñado para almacenar y consultar eficientemente un gran número de dispositivos IoT en una estructura lógica compleja, utilizar el razonamiento basado en reglas para inferir nuevos hechos e integrar dispositivos imprevistos en la estructura lógica existente para adaptarse a los cambios del entorno. El gemelo digital se implementa utilizando el grafo de conocimiento de código abierto TypeDB y se prueba en un entorno simplificado basado en una línea de producción de automóviles. El objetivo principal del trabajo es la integración de dispositivos no previstos, para lo cual se implementa una métrica de similitud para identificar dispositivos existentes similares y determinar la integración adecuada en el grafo de conocimiento. El grafo de conocimiento propuesto es una solución prometedora para la gestión del conocimiento y la integración en entornos IoT que cambian rápidamente, proporcionando información valiosa y apoyo a la toma de decisiones.

The ongoing digitalization affects all sectors and changes the competitive landscape. A sector that is often seen upon as traditional, with low digital maturity is the energy sector. Hence, existing literature has focused on overcoming technical difficulties associated with the digitalization and lacks reasoning concerning the implications on existing business models. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate how the digitalization affects companies in the Swedish energy sector when it comes to innovations in the business model, how companies creates, delivers and captures value. This purpose is addressed through an exploratory multiple case study including some of the most prominent actors on the Swedish energy market. The result of the study shows that the digitalization has had multiple implications in all of the business model´s building blocks, but it is still associated with a lot of uncertainties and the most radical changes are expected to happen in the future. Theoretical implications of this study are the increased understanding to how digitalization drives business model innovations and how application of new technologies can lead to increased business value. Practical implications are deepened knowledge for business managers in how digitalization can be utilized to gain increased value in an industry with an overall low digital maturity. / Syfte – Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur digitaliseringen påverkar företag i svenska energibranschen när det kommer till att skapa, leverera och fånga värde. Detta genom att skapa förståelse genom att undersöka hur digitaliseringen har påverkat företagen i den svenska energibranschen. Studiens syfte, att undersöka hur digitaliseringen driver affärsmodellsinnovationer inom varje del av energibranschens värdekedja, är explorativt. Studiens underlag grundar sig på insamling av empirisk data för att skapa ny kunskap, vilket medför att studiens forskningsansats är induktiv. Metod – Datainsamlingen har huvudsakligen genomförts via semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserats via tematisk analys. Det selektiva urvalet grundar sig i fem olika kriterier där två av dessa kriterier ansågs som nödvändiga för samtliga av de företag som användes som fallföretag i studien. Därefter har tre kriterier använts för att identifiera viktiga aspekter kopplat till respektive forskningsfråga. Forskningsfrågorna ämnar besvara hur företagen anses använda digitaliseringen för att skapa, leverera eller fånga värde av den vara som de producerar och/eller levererar. Därefter har ett snöbollsurval tillämpats för att identifiera intervjupersoner på respektive fallföretag. Resultat – Resultatet av studien påvisar att svenska energibolag har förändrat sina affärsmodeller utifrån dimensionerna skapa, fånga och leverera värde till följd av digitaliseringen. Detta har genomförts på olika sätt mellan fallföretagen, både genom inkrementell och radikal affärsmodellsinnovation. Teoretiska implikationer – Studien bidrar till förståelsen för hur digitaliseringen vidare driver affärsmodellsinnovationer, där har studien flertalet teoretiska bidrag och tillför insikter i hur digitalisering som fenomen påverkar och förändrar affärsmodeller. Praktiska implikationer – Studien bidrar med insikter hur digitaliseringen påverkar den svenska energibranschen sett från ett perspektiv från företag i framkant inom detta område. Studien har undersökt fallföretag efter ett visst antal kriterier, dessa kriterier har lett till att framstående företag liknande bästa praxis inom området har bidragit, vilket kommer leda till en ökad förståelse för andra bolag i samma bransch. Dessutom kan rapporten nyttjas för att identifiera förbättringspotential i företagen och agera som en katalysator för att digitalt transformera verksamheten.

I den här undersökningen utforskar vi hur användande av smarttelefoner skulle kunna se ut inom en nära framtid. Med designfiktion som grundpelare och förhållningssätt, verklighetsproducerar vi diegetiska prototyper som med sina utseendemässiga egenskaper och funktionaliteter, berättar om en möjlig framtida värld av smarttelefonanvändning. De diegetiska prototyperna är sprungna ur ett fiktivt scenario, baserad på tidigare forskning om aspekter kring användning av smarttelefoner, smarttelefonens tekniska utveckling och dess estimerade roll i en nära framtid. Med Scenariometoden, en egentillverkad metod som vi kallar “Lager-på-lager” och Bleeckers (2009) framställning av designfiktion, kan vi utgå från dessa aspekter för att fantisera och spekulera kring hur det en dag skulle kunna se ut. Löwgren och Stoltermans (2004) bok “Design av informationsteknik” bidrar med metodologi som bistår oss med verktyg för att realisera vår designfiktiva verklighetsproduktion, där fokuset ligger på idégenerering och ifrågasättande samt en abstrakt bild av hur designsituationer börjar, som vi använder som ett förhållningssätt under hela gestaltningsarbetet. Vi får inte bara inblick i hur smarttelefonanvändning skulle kunna se ut inom en snar framtid, men även hur designfiktion kan användas i en spekulerande undersökning, där vetenskapliga fakta, design och fiktion möts och blir ett. / In this Bachelor thesis we explore what smartphone usage could be like in the near future. With design fiction as the central method of approach, we create real life diegetic prototypes that, with their appearance and functionalities, tell of a possible future world of smartphone use. Our diegetic prototypes come from a fictitious scenario, based on aspects derived from science fact, containing smartphone use, the smartphone’s technological evolution and estimated role in the near future. With Scenariometoden (“The scenario method”), our own method Lager-på-lager (“Layer-on-layer”) and Bleecker’s (2009) interpretation of design fiction, we can base our fantasy and speculation on these aspects, to imagine what it one day could be like. Löwgren and Stolterman’s (2004) book “Design av informationsteknik” contributes methodology that assists us with tools for realizing our design-fictional reality production, where the focus is on idea generation and questioning as well as an abstract picture of how design situations begin which we use as an appliance throughout the design work. We not only get an insight into what smartphone use could be like in the near future, but also how design fiction can be used in speculative study, where science fact, design and fiction meet and become one.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-11-30T12:28:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TIAGO MARCOS ALVES_.pdf: 2097379 bytes, checksum: f4cd33a52ef54f387fff8437a89207e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-30T12:28:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TIAGO MARCOS ALVES_.pdf: 2097379 bytes, checksum: f4cd33a52ef54f387fff8437a89207e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A Internet das Coisas (IoT) permite a interconexão de objetos inteligentes, tais como smartphones, tablets, televisores e sensores sem fio, com os seres humanos, usando diferentes protocolos de comunicação através do desenvolvimento de uma rede heterogênea multimodal dinâmica. Neste sentido a convergência da tecnologia de IoT com o conceito de redes sociais fez surgir um paradigma chamado Internet das Coisas Sociais (SIoT). Na SIoT, os objetos imitam comportamentos de seres humanos e criam seus próprios relacionamentos baseado em regras estabelecidas pelos seus proprietários. Nesse âmbito, este trabalho propõe a disponibilização de uma rede social que explore os conceitos de SIoT utilizando a tecnologia Near Field Communication (NFC). O modelo proposto define uma plataforma para lidar com a comunicação de objetos inteligentes em um campus universitário para benefício dos estudantes, professores e demais participantes da comunidade acadêmica. Neste modelo, a definição de objetos inteligentes é a de objetos que oferecem funcionalidades para interação com os seres humanos, tais como smartphones, tablets, refrigeradores e televisores. Como contribuição científica, este trabalho propõe uma rede social para objetos inteligentes com aplicação em um ambiente universitário, baseada na abordagem de SIoT. O modelo, denominado SIoTCampus, foca no uso dos inúmeros objetos existentes em um campus universitário, propondo um relacionamento entre estes com a finalidade de ser uma nova ferramenta para disseminar informações entre os membros que compõem a comunidade universitária, tais como professores, funcionários, alunos e visitantes. Dentre os cenários existentes de aplicações exclusivas para SIoT não foi observado uma aplicação para este tipo de relacionamento focada para um campus universitário. Desta forma, a proposta do modelo SIoTCampus é a de uma rede social exclusiva para objetos inteligentes em um ambiente acadêmico em que as informações de contexto, como localização, agenda, etc são usadas como critérios para estabelecer relacionamentos entre os dispositivos inteligentes. Configurações iniciais sobre preferências dos proprietários são informadas neste modelo em um aplicativo móvel desenvolvido para esta função. Assim, informações específicas sobre determinados assuntos, eventos publicados, notícias relevantes a determinados temas em um campus universitário, que forem capturados por estes objetos são enviadas a um servidor e analisadas de forma que estas informações possam ser ou não usadas para estabelecer relações entre estes objetos. Os resultados obtidos com a realização deste trabalho apresentaram uma arquitetura de comunicação que buscou lidar com os possíveis relacionamentos entre os objetos inteligentes presentes na universidade. A avaliação deste trabalho foi feita através da utilização de cenários visando explorar a ideia principal aqui descrita que é o relacionamento entre os objetos inteligentes. Alguns cenários para esta avaliação foram executados e aplicados a um grupo de estudantes do curso de Ciência da Computação da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Dentre os resultados alcançados cabe destacar que para 80% dos usuários que participaram desta avaliação o modelo pode se tornar uma importante ferramenta de integração entre os componentes do campus acadêmico. Outro ponto importante destacado para o perfil de participantes desta avaliação foi que o emprego da tecnologia NFC amplia as possibilidades de uso do modelo. Isto se justifica devido às novas formas de interação entre os dispositivos de usuários que poderiam ser atendidas pelo emprego desta tecnologia. / The Internet of Things (IoT) allows the interconnection of smart objects, such as smartphones, tablets, televisions and wireless sensors, with humans, using different communication protocols through the development of a heterogeneous multi-modal dynamic network. In this sense the convergence of IoT technology with the concept of social networks has given rise to a paradigm called Internet of Things Social (SIoT). In SIoT objects mimic behaviors of humans and create their own relationships based on rules established by its owners. In this context, this paper proposes the provision of a social network that explore the concepts of SIoT using Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. The proposed model defines a platform to handle communication of smart objects on a college campus for the benefit of students, teachers and other participants from the academic community. In this model, the definition of the smart objects are objects that provide functionality for interacting with humans, such as smartphones, tablet, refrigerators and televisions. As a scientific contribution this paper proposes a social network for smart objects with application in a university setting, based on the approach of SIoT. The model, called SIoTCampus, focuses on the use of several existing objects on a college campus, suggesting a relationship between these in order to be a new tool to disseminate information among the members of the university community, including faculty, staff, students and visitors. Among the existing scenarios of unique applications for SIoT, it was not observed an application for this kind of focused relationship to a college campus. Thus the proposal of SIoTCampus model is an exclusive social network for smart objects in an academic environment in which context information such as location, calendar, etc. are used as criteria for establishing relationships between intelligent devices. Initial settings on preferences of owners are informed in this model in a mobile application developed for this function. So specific information about certain subjects, published events, relevant news certain topics on a college campus, which are captured by these objects are sent to a server and analyzed so that this information may or may not be used to establish relationships between these objects. The results of this work showed a communications architecture that sought to deal with the possible relationships between intelligent objects present at the university. The assessment of this work was done through the use of scenarios to explore the main idea here is that described the relationship between Smart Objects. Some scenarios for this assessment were implemented and applied to a group of students of Computer Science Course of the Universidad do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Among the results we highlight that for 80% of users who participated in this evaluation found that the model can become an important integration tool among members of the academic campus. Another important point highlighted to the participants profile of this evaluation was that the use of NFC technology expands the model of using possibilities. This is justified due to new forms of interaction between devices of users that could be met by the use of this technology.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-04-20T13:56:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Armando Leopoldo Keller_.pdf: 2124143 bytes, checksum: ba23113da63873463958e38c05ddbd88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T13:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Armando Leopoldo Keller_.pdf: 2124143 bytes, checksum: ba23113da63873463958e38c05ddbd88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-13 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste trabalho, é realizar um estudo de forma mais abrangente sobre o conceito de Internet das Coisas e seus principais protocolos. Explora-se especificamente o conceito de IoT (Internet of Things) aplicado em sistemas de automação. Para tanto é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto, explorando os diversos protocolos desenvolvidos para aplicações de IoT, caracterizando-os quanto a taxa de transmissão, eficiência, segurança e confiabilidade. Também é realizado um levantamento do cenário atual, quanto a aplicação de protocolos de IoT em sistemas de automação, sempre tendo em mente a confiabilidade do sistema. Percebe-se que um grande dificultador do uso destes tipos de protocolo em ambientes industriais é justamente a heterogeneidade das redes existentes. Diante deste problema, a proposta do trabalho é desenvolver um dispositivo que atue como middleware para a interligação de redes de automação distribuídas, no caso especificamente a rede Modbus RTU, fazendo com que esta interligação seja de forma transparente utilizando o protocolo de Internet das Coisas MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Este dispositivo é testado com equipamentos em um cenário real através de um estudo de caso, onde duas redes Modbus RTU de um sistema geograficamente distribuído de geração de energia solar fotovoltaica, são interligadas, permitindo a criação de uma planta virtual de geração de energia do inglês virtual power plant (VPP). Com isso é possível tratar e gerenciar os sistemas distribuídos de geração como sendo uma única unidade geradora, facilitando o despacho. Para comprovar a eficiência e a confiabilidade do sistema, foram realizados testes onde o tempo entre as requisições e respostas foi medido, e através da sua distribuição foi obtido um tempo de 2,5 segundos para obter uma comunicação com baixa taxa de perda de mensagens. Estes testes comprovam o correto funcionamento do sistema proposto. / The objective of this work is to develop a more comprehensive study on the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and its main protocols, specifically exploring the concept of IoT applied in automation systems. A bibliographic review explores the diverse protocols developed for IoT applications, characterizing them as transmission rate, efficiency, safety and confiability. A survey of the current scenario about the application of IoT protocols in automation systems is presented, always having the system confiability in mind. The heterogenity of the existent networks makes the use of this protocols a harder task. The proposal of this work is develop a device that acts as middleware for interlink distributed automation networks, in this case the Modbus RTU networks, in a transparent way using the internet of things procol MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). This device is tested with equipments in a real scenario trough a case study, where two Modbus RTU networks of a geographically distributed solar photovoltaic power plant, is interlinked, allowing the criation of a VPP (Virtual Power Plant). This makes possible to manage the distributed power generator systems as a single generator unit, improving the electric energy dispatch. To prove the efficiency and confiability of the system, tests were made where the time between request and response was mensured, and based on his distribution the time of 2.5 seconds was determined to have a low message loss communication. Those tests validate the proposed system and the achievement of the goals of the present work.