The Internet of Things (IoT) comprises many small, embedded devices that operate on severe resource constraints concerning energy, bandwidth, and memory footprints. Software for such devices has traditionally been implemented using relatively low-level languages such as C, which makes it susceptible to introducing bugs or flaws that can compromise the security of the device. This thesis adds interpreted WebAssembly (WASM) bytecode execution to Contiki-NG – an operating system for the next generation IoT devices. This is done using an open-source WASM runtime called WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR). It creates an isolated and secure environment for applications to be executed in that has restricted access to the host operating system. To support the event-driven approach of Contiki-NG, the bytecode execution can be interrupted and resumed as needed, allowing the operating system to handle pending events without significant delays. The result is a way for applications written in a variety of programming languages to be safely executed in Contiki-NG and to interact with its APIs. When tested on Nordic Semiconductor's nRF52840 System-on-Chip (SoC), applications executed as bytecode resulted in an increase in binary size of 2.7-3.1x, and a performance penalty of around 9.2x for C-generated bytecode, and 10.3x for Rust-generated bytecode. For less compute-intensive applications, the performance penalty is not as prominent but still displays a sizable increase in energy consumption compared to native execution.

Many immigrants in Sweden have not had the chance to learn to read and write, for various reasons. In Sweden, literacy is a prerequisite to being able to function in the cultural community, and for many immigrants this is the first time that they experience their inability to read and write as a handicap or see themselves as “illiterate”. The aim of this study is to use a socio-cultural, second language and gender approach to describe, analyse and understand how a number of adult, illiterate, immigrant women experience their situation when they are expected to simultaneously learn to speak, read and write Swedish. The study focuses on two literacy groups in two Swedish municipalities. In one of the groups I act as both teacher and researcher. The thesis is a case study of the learning process of five illiterate immigrant women in Sweden. The results are based on interviews, carried out with the help of an interpreter, and observation of teaching and texts ritten by the students. The study is based on the assumption that human learning is an activity that takes place in a cultural community in a social context. When learning a language, the language is simultaneously the tool that facilitates social communication and the object of the learning process. The study shows that cultural communities influence the women in different ways. Gender structures are firmly planted in a patriarchal value system, which means that women are seen as inferior to men, and women are expected to “meet the demands of others”. The women have no time to study at home, as their household duties are prioritised. However, there are subtle indications that there is a wish to change the situation in accordance with Swedish values and norms. This can be seen in the Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) lessons. As they have little contact with Swedes, school is the only arena in which they have a chance to use Swedish. They are positive towards teaching and school as an institution. Here they are able to develop an alternative identity. The study also shows that teaching in the literacy groups is to a great extent based on a technical approach, in which the teacher tries to elicit a correct answer from the students. Social interaction involving contemplation and negotiation is either not included or not prioritised. the women’s experience and knowledge is not made use of. There are,however, occasions when collaborative discussions take place between the teacher and students. On these occasions an exchange of experiences takes place. Learning is based on the students’ own experiences and thoughts. Linguistic concepts gain meaning in the collaborative discussion. Initially the concepts may be unclear, but the group works on them together, adapting and adjusting them until they finally make sense. Finally, I conclude that women immigrants bring their own socio-cultural values and experience to the school situation, which affects their learning process to varying degrees. Furthermore, immigrant women need more time at school, as it is the only arena in which they can spend time on studying and personal development. another conclusion is that the school must become a learning community that recognises the immigrants’ cultures, makes use of the students’ experience and allows the students to participate in collaborative discussions, so that they can develop their ability to speak, read and write Swedish.

本文共分緒論、文獻探討、研究方法、資料分析、結論與建議等五章。 第一章緒論：包括研究動機、目的、與問題。旨在探求環保記者的專業意理取向為何 ？並尋找影響記者專業意理取向的因素有那些？ 第二章文獻探討：包括新聞專業意理、職業社會學、媒介組織、大眾媒介與環保運動 之關係等相關理論及研究文獻的探討。 第三章研究方法：本文採問卷調查法，以台北、台中、高雄六縣市的報社環保記者為 研究對象，並採用百分比、因素分析、迴歸分析、卡方考驗等統計方法。 第四章資料分析：因素分析的結果發現環保記者有傳佈者（DISSEMINATOR）、解釋者 （INTERPRETER）、對立者（ADVERSARY）三種專業意理的取向。人口變項、職業經驗 等因素對專業意理取向有不同的影響程度。 第五章結論與建議：將資料分析中的主要結果，進一步的檢討，並提出本研究受限之 處，作為未來研究者的參考。

斯賓諾莎的《神學政治論》向來被認為是現代自由民主、與聖經批判的哲學性起源，學者大多認為斯賓諾莎以一種科學式的方法來研究聖經。本文旨在研究斯賓諾莎的聖經觀與宗教觀。藉著對十七世紀荷蘭神學－政治背景、以及《神學政治論》第七章到第十五章的分析，來說明斯賓諾莎所關心的並不是「如何解釋聖經」，而是「誰有權釋經」。他並不是藉著一種客觀的方法論來研究聖經，而是將解釋聖經的判准建立在解釋者的德性之上。而後不斷質疑各種可能形成解釋權威、壟斷信仰的科學式或理論性宗教知識。他把信仰的本質還原為生活，並且主張唯有解釋者有道德行為，他對聖經的解釋才可能是真的。因此，斯賓諾莎解釋聖經的方式不是一種聖經批判，而是一種德性證成的觀點。藉此，他把解釋聖經的權利還諸一切信仰者，並且將哲學與神學分離，前者的基礎是思辨理論，後者的基礎是道德實踐。 / Spinoza's Tractatus Theologico-Politicus has always been regarded as the philosophical origin of modern liberal democracy and modern biblical criticism. Most scholars consider Spinoza’s biblical study as a kind of scientific method. This thesis aims at Spinoza’s view of the Bible and his view of religion. By a description of the theological-political background of the 17th century Dutch, and an analysis of Tractatus Theologico-Politicus Chapters 7 through 15, I would demonstrate that Spinoza cares not “how to study the Scripture” but “who has the authority to interpret the Scripture.” He does not study the Scripture by means of an objective methodology, rather, he sets up the criteria of biblical interpretation upon the virtue of interpreters. Then he doubts constantly every kind of theoretical knowledge of religion which may become the authority of interpretation and monopolize the faith. He reduces the essence of faith to life, and claims that only when an interpreter is moral, can his interpretation of the Scripture be true. Therefore, Spinoza’s interpretation of the Bible is not a kind of biblical-criticism, but a kind of justification by means of virtue. By doing so (or simply “Thus”), he returns the right of interpreting Scripture back to all believers, and separates philosophy away from theology. The foundation of philosophy is speculative theory, and theology is based on moral practices.

Syfte: Syftet var att studera sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta med tolksamtal iasylhälsan.Bakgrund: Senaste årens ökande flyktingströmmar har skapat ökat tryck på primärvårdensasylhälsa och behovet av tolkar. Bristande kommunikation kan hindra sjuksköterskansomvårdnad och kunskap om upplevelsen av tolksamtalet i primärvården är därför viktig,något som saknas generellt i forskningen. Socialstyrelsens kartläggning beskrev problem medtillgängligheten av auktoriserade tolkar och en ojämlik situation över landet.Metod: Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med sju sjuksköterskor,intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades med manifest kvalitativinnehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats.Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier identifierades: Att tolkens roll påverkar samtalet beskrev hurtolkens professionalitet kunde främja eller störa samtalet samt hur tolkens genus och kulturkunde påverka samtalet. Att sjuksköterskans roll påverkar samtalet beskrev sjuksköterskansprofessionalitet som en förutsättning då de tvingades hitta egna lösningar i arbetet och sinsträvan efter ett vårdande samtal med kontakt och förståelse med patienten. Attorganisationen påverkar samtalet beskrev respondenterna en begränsande organisation medbrist på tolkar, avsaknad av struktur och samarbete mellan vården, tolkförmedlingar ochmyndigheter. Respondenterna beskrev en pressad arbetssituation och behovet av utbildningsom nödvändigt för kvalitetssäkrad vård.Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna behöver tolken som en brygga för sin röst för att kunna ge godvård. Det finns ett behov av ett systematiskt sätt att arbeta med tolk, med utbildning ochträning för tolkar och sjuksköterskor. Detta skulle kvalitetssäkra vården och förbättraarbetssituationen för sjuksköterskorna. Kompetens inom transkulturell omvårdnad är viktigför rättvis vård i det mångkulturella Sverige. / Aims: The aim was to study nurses' experience of working with interpreter conversations inmigrant health.Background: The last years increase in refugees has created rising demands on migranthealth and interpreters in primary healthcare. Lack of communication can hinder nurses' careand knowledge of the experience of interpreter conversations is therefore important,something lacking in research. The National Board of Health and Welfares survey describedproblems of availability of medical interpreters and an unequal situation nationwide.Methods: The study was a qualitative interview study with seven nurses. Interviews wererecorded, transcribed and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Results: Three main categories were identified: The interpreter’s role affects the conversationdescribed how interpreter professionality could enable or disable the conversation as couldinterpreter sex and culture. The nurses' role affects the conversation described how theprofessionality of the nurse was essential as they needed to find own solutions workwise aswell as the pursuit of a caring conversation with the patient. The organization affects theconversation described a limiting organization with a lack of interpreters, structure andcooperation between healthcare and authorities. Education was stressed as quality-assurance.Conclusions: Nurses need the interpreter as bridge for their voice to enable good care. Thereis need for a systematic way to work with interpreters through education and Nurse-Interpreter training. This would quality-assure healthcare and improve working conditions.Competence in transcultural nursing is important for equal health care in today's multiculturalSweden

The present thesis focuses on stress management in conference interpreting. It explains the biological purpose of stress, stressors - aspects inducing a stress reaction, and the physiological, behavioral, emotional and cognitive symptoms and effects. Special attention is paid to occupational stress, namely in relation to interpreting, to the requirements on an interpreter's personality, and to stressors interpreters generally face. The thesis presents a detailed dscription of stress management- and coping styles, strategies and techniques. The empirical part explores the positive and negative expectations of interpreting students in the earliest stage of their studies in terms of stress, and aims at discovering whether students of interpreting as well as professional interpreters consider interpreting a stressful activity, whether they feel that stress management- and coping strategies and techniques should constitute an integral part of interpreter training, and whether this is or is not the case. The research concerned university institutes and departments of selected universities in the Czech Republic and abroad. On the basis of the outcomes of this research recommendations for practice concerning stress management, especially in terms of interpreter training, are outlined. Keywords: stress,...

The objective of the present thesis is to describe the situation in the interpreting industry in Czechoslovakia before the change of regime in 1989. The thesis specifically focuses on self-taught interpreters. The primary objective of the thesis is to collect and present, in a comprehensive way, personal memories of such interpreters. At present such memories are diffuse in texts on various topics or in personal, more or less extensive, memoirs of some of these interpreters. In addition, the thesis aims to present such memories against the background of the general developments in institutional interpreting in Europe and Czechoslovakia during the relevant period. With this thesis being the first domestic study of this kind, the method of oral history has been used and complemented with the analysis of archive materials. The empirical part of the thesis is mainly based on 12 interviews with self-taught interpreters, who were active interpreters in the second half of the twentieth century in our country. Furthermore, it compares and complements this information with written sources from that period (in particular Ad notam, the bulletin of the Czech Union of Interpreters and Translators) and outlines the practical and theoretical aspects of the then interpreting activities outside institutional...

This Master's thesis provides an overview of the work of the contemporary Spanish interpreter, teacher and researcher Ángela Collados Aís. It consists of the author's short biography, the analysis of her research in the evaluation of interpreting quality including an introduction into the issue, and an overview of her published works on interpreter training. Selected chapters include a brief subjective reflection on the text in question. The main motivation for this work was to acquaint the Czech academic community with this figure of Spanish translation studies. This is a theoretical thesis, similar to other student works on important figures on the international translation studies scene.

The purpose of the present thesis is to look into the correlation between the speed of the source speech and simultaneous interpreter's performance between Czech and French from the perspective of the French listeners of the source speeches in French, of two groups of interpreters (students and professionals) and of the listeners of the speeches interpreted into Czech. The thesis consists of the theoretical and the empirical part. The theoretical part outlines Daniel Gile's Effort Model and than focuses on the delivery rate of the source speech and on various theoretical approaches of different scholars, on the errors occured in the process of simultaneous interpreting, on intrepretation strategies and on the quality of interpretation. The empirical part describes the research method, the experiment itself and the results of the experiment which focuses both on the number of occurences of different interpretation stategies in relation to the source speech delivery rate and on the number of occurences of various error categories depending on the speed of the quasi-authentic source speeches. The empirical part examines the differences between the performance of the students and of the interpreters. Their performance is then assessed by the Czech listeners. Keywords simultaneous interpretation,...

The aim of this study is to describe the influence of modern technologies on interpreting and interpreter training. It focuses on the content of a good interpreting course and summarizes the main features of remote interpreting, telephone interpreting, videoconference interpreting and interpreting over the internet. It contains an overview of eLearning tools used in interpreter training with the last chapter dedicated to a brand new tool - the ORCIT project. The main outcomes of this work are recommendations for project partners regarding functionality and efficiency of this educational platform.