TITLE: Contemporary art at school - post internet age AUTHOR: Nikola Tora Dvořáková DEPARTMENT: Department of art education SUPERVISOR: Ph.Dr. Leonora Kitzbergerová, PhD. ABSTRACT: The thesis - Contemporary art at school - post internet age is about current arts occasions, concretely Post internet art. I try to state and define this kind of art and place post internet art to context with art education afterwards. Specific art pieces and their similarities in related zones of art are reflected in didactic transformations. The research is focused on difficulties, which can come into the art education lessons. It is realized with different methods, on different kind of school. In concluision my original art piece is bringing more comprehensive knowledge about post internet art. KEYWORDS: Contemporary art, post internet art, interpreter vs. consumer, new media

Bakgrund: Kommunikation är utbyte av betydelsefull information mellan individer och kan förmedlas via verbalt och icke-verbalt språk. Genom att vårdpersonal skapar en mellanmänsklig relation till patienten uppnås ömsesidig förståelse som är grunden för att bedriva personcentrerad vård. I interkulturell kommunikation kan det däremot vara svårt att nå full förståelse på grund av otillräckliga språkkunskaper och kulturella skillnader. Syfte: Syfte med studien var att beskriva betydelsen av språklig och kulturell förståelse i kommunikationen mellan patient och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal.  Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats baserad på kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Artikelsökningar gjordes i PubMed och Cinahl. Följande sökord användes i sökningar: communication, communication barriers, experience, health care, health personal, immigrant, interpreter, language, migrant, nurse-patient relations. Resultat: Ömsesidig förståelse, språklig och kulturell, är nyckeln för att vårdpersonal ska kunna förstå patienten och bedriva god vård. Resultatet baserades på 15 artiklar och består av tre tema: Kommunikation och relation, Invandrare i vården och Tolkning. Konklusion: Otillräckliga språkkunskaper är ett hinder för invandrare att komma i kontakt med vården, förmedla sina behov och nå full förståelse för given information. För vårdpersonal är språkbarriären ett hinder för att kunna bedriva patientsäker och personcentrerad vård. Båda parter är beroende av en tolk för att uppnå ömsesidig förståelse. / Background: Communication is an exchange of significant information between individuals and can be conveyed through verbal and non-verbal communication. When health personnel establish interpersonal relationships with the patient, mutual understanding will be obtained which is the basis for person-centered care. However, in intercultural communication it can be difficult to achieve full understanding due to insufficient language knowledge and cultural differences. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the importance of linguistic and cultural understanding in communication between patient and health personnel. Method: A literature study with a systematic approach based on qualitative articles was conducted. Article searches were made in PubMed and Cinahl. The following keywords were used in search process: communication, communication barriers, experience, health care, health personnel, immigrant, interpreter, language, migrant, nurse-patient relations. Results: Mutual understanding, linguistic and cultural, is the key for healthcare professionals to understand the patient and provide good care. The result was based on 15 articles and consists of three topics: Communication and relationship, Immigrants in healthcare and Interpreting. Conclusion: Insufficient language knowledge is an obstacle for immigrants to come into contact with healthcare, communicate their needs and gain full understanding of given information. Language barrier is an interference fpr healthcare professionals to be able to deliver patient-safe and person-centered care. Both parties are dependent on an interpreter to achieve mutual understanding.

Este estudio analiza las estrategias de enseñanza para desarrollar la destreza de comprensión auditiva en dos cursos en la formación de intérpretes de un programa de Traducción e Interpretación de una universidad peruana: el último curso de inglés para traductores e intérpretes (Inglés TI5) y el primer curso de interpretación (Taller de Interpretación 1). Empleando un enfoque cualitativo, la información se recogió mediante las guías de observación de clases y de entrevistas. El análisis de las estrategias de enseñanza en ambos cursos muestra que el desarrollo en las actividades de escucha comprende tres fases: materiales, procesos cognitivos y retroalimentación. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que el desarrollo por fases tiene una orientación distinta en ambos cursos. Finalmente, las conclusiones muestran el impacto de las estrategias de enseñanza para desarrollar la destreza de comprensión auditiva en inglés de los estudiantes de este programa. / This study describes and analyses the teaching strategies in two courses that develop listening comprehension skills for future interpreters at a Translation and Interpreting Program in a Peruvian university. The highest level of English for translators (Inglés TI5) and the first level of the interpreting training (Taller de Interpretación 1) were surveyed under the principles of a qualitative approach. Data have been gathered by means of observation sheets and semi-structured interviews. The comparative analysis shows that the listening activities in both courses comprise three developmental stages: instructional material, cognitive processes, and feedback.  Findings reveal that the three developmental stages are quite different in the English and Interpreting courses. This difference may have an effect on students to develop listening comprehension skills as trainees in the Translation and Interpreting Program. / Tesis

Syftet med studien har varit att utifrån ett kommunikations- och relationsperspektiv undersöka socialsekreterares erfarenheter av professionella samtal med klienter som sker via telefon- och platstolk. Studien har en abduktiv samt kvalitativ metodansats och studiens empiri har samlats in genom åtta enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare som arbetar på barn- och ungdomsenheten och familjerätten i Stockholm med omnejd. Samtliga respondenter har erfarenhet av telefon- och platstolkade samtal i sitt arbete. Den empiri som insamlats har analyserats utifrån en tematisk analysmetod och har tolkats genom en hermeneutisk tolkningslära. Studien tar avstamp ur kommunikations- och relationsteoretiska utgångspunkter. Resultatet visar att det professionella samtalet där tolk närvarar skiljer sig på flertalet punkter, det kan vara besvärligt att förhålla sig till en tredje part, då socialsekreterare och tolk kan ha förväntningar på samtalet som inte stämmer överens och att samtalets synlighet begränsas, då socialsekreteraren inte har full kontroll över samtalets innehåll. Den ickeverbala kommunikationen visar sig vara oerhört viktigt och studien pekar på flertalet utmaningar och nackdelar med användandet av telefontolk. Studien visar vidare att det är av stor vikt att socialsekreteraren och tolk upprättar ett samarbete och en relation mellan varandra för att ett så pass lyckat professionellt samtal ska möjliggöras. Vi har slutligen kommit fram till att kommunikationen mellan parterna inte sker enligt en linjär process, mellan sändare och mottagare, utan att kommunikationen är mer komplex än så. / The purpose of the study has been to examine, from a communication and relational perspective, the experiences of social workers professional dialog with clients through telephone and place interpreters. The study has an abductive and qualitative method approach and the study's empirical data has been collected through eight individual semi-structured interviews with social workers, working at the children's and youth unit and family law in Stockholm and the surrounding area. All respondents have experience of telephone and located interpreted meetings in their work. The empirics that have been collected have been analyzed on the basis of a thematic method of analysis and have been interpreted through a hermeneutic interpretation theory. The study takes off from communication and relational theoretical point of view. The result shows that the professional dialog where an interpreter is present differs in most consideration, it can be difficult to relate to a third party, since the social worker and interpreter may have expectations of the dialog that do not match and that the visibility of the dialog is limited, when the social worker does´t have full control over the content of the conversation. Nonverbal communication proves to be extremely important and the study points to the many challenges and disadvantages of using telephone interpreters. The study further shows that it is of great importance that the social worker and interpreter establish a cooperation and a relationship between each other in order to enable a successful professional dialog. Finally, we have concluded that communication between the parties does not take place in a linear process, between transmitter and receiver, but that communication is more complex than that.

This diploma thesis focuses on the current situation in interpreter services for deaf in Carlsbad region in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of diploma thesis aims to inform the reader about the terminology, language, another communication code and the number of deaf people in the Czech Republic. I present the information I have gathered about the deaf community. The goal of the diploma thesis is to create the business plan for interpretation services for the deaf community for the year 2019. After studying documents from the national organization I describe the current situation in the Carlsbad region with interpreter services for the deaf. The surveys aim is to interview doctors from otorhinolaryngology and foniatry in the Carlsbad region. The interviews focus on the communication needs of people with hearing impairment and the information doctors have about interpretation services in the region. Based on the data from the research I did, I found out the exact number of interpretation services for deaf in the region. Unfortunately from the documents I was not able to find out the exact number of deaf clients in the Carlsbad region. From the interviews I ascertain, that the doctors are not informed about the communication needs of people with hearing impairment. Doctors learn information...

It would be favorable, during the clinical assessment of language in multilingual children, if the speech-language-pathologist (SLP)spoke all the languages of the child. This is, however, not always possible, hence the need for interpreter-mediation. Furthermore, it would be desirable if the interpreters used in clinical assessments of language are specifically trained. There are only a few studies concerning interpreter-mediated clinical assessment of language and cognition using Conversation Analysis as a method, and no studies of interpreter-mediated clinical assessment of language in multilingual children. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the interaction between the SLP, interpreter and child, in interpreter-mediated clinical assessments of language in multilingual children, with a specific focus on the SLP and the interpreter. Participants of the study were two licensed S LPs, three interpreters and two multilingual children and their caregivers. The study was based on three video recordings of clinical encounters and four semi-structured interviews. The video recordings were translated, transcribed and analyzed using the theory and method of Conversation Analysis, and the interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Analysis of the video recordings resulted in the discovery of three phenomena; the importance of preunderstanding of the working process of SLP, the importance of responsibility during interpreter-mediated clinical assessment of language, and finally communication and language approach. Analysis of the semi-structured interviews resulted in the discovery of four phenomena, which, in addition to the ones already discovered during the video recordings, also included the importance of dialects. Strategies and challenges that the SLP and interpreter faced could be revealed from the phenomena discovered in the video recordings and the semi-structured interviews. It was suggested in the conclusion that challenges were caused by expectations on the interpreter, a lack of preunderstanding of the working process of the SLP, uncertainty regarding the responsibilities of the interpreter versus the SLP, and finally, the demands of a high level of language competence. Strategies that were used within the discovered phenomena were partially consciously applied by the SLP and interpreter. However, there is a great need for further knowledge and awareness of the processes involved in this clinical context, in order to obtain reliable and satisfactory interpreter-mediated clinical assessments of language. Lastly, it was discussed that the patient safety might be compromised if no consideration is taken regarding the investigated challenges and strategies.

The present thesis focuses on the teaching of interpreter`s notes within selected universities in the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim of this theoretical-empirical study is to find out how lecturers teach note-taking, which sources they use, and how much importance they assign to teaching note-taking. Findings from German universities are compared with responses from research participants from a university in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this study introduces the topic of note-taking in a wider context of interpreting, discusses the prevailing systems of note-taking in more detail and deals with teaching note-taking and some of its aspects. Tools and technologies used for note-taking are also mentioned. In the second, empirical part of the thesis, the goals, chosen methodology and possible limits of the research are presented. Participants and universities selected for the research are also introduced. The data is collected by means of questionnaires and semi- structured interviews. Findings from both of these methods are then compared based on thematic areas. Although the target group of the research is relatively small, and the results are therefore not fully decisive, a number of noteworthy trends have been identified which may serve as basis for future research. Also, the...

In my thesis, I focus on the role of an author in a work of art, and film in particular, based on Jan Mukařovský. Firstly, I describe Mukařovský's structuralist concept of an art work. Thus, following Ferdinand de Saussure's ideas, he views a work of art as an autonomous sign. At the same time, he uses de Saussure's terms langue and parole. In this text, I explain Mukařovský's terms of an aesthetic function, a norm and a value. I also examine the difference between an individual and a subject of art, and between intentionality and unintentionality. I compare Mukařovský's view of the author with other theorists, namely, Umberto Eco, Roland Barthes and Michael Foucault. Hence, I show historical changes within the concept of the author, and also explain Pierre Levy's cyber-cultural understanding of it. In addition, I discuss other authors, who bring together film arts and the interplay of signs. In particular, I introduce James Monaco and Jerzy Plaževski, and connect their thoughts with ideas of Mukařovský. These authors create a bridge between the concept of a film author and Mukařovský, who does not discuss this authorship in particular. The focus here is on Jaroslav Vančát's theory of a multi-layered film, examining three layers of film with different authors. Focusing on films with actual actors,...

Bakgrund: Den ökade migrationen i Sverige innebär stora utmaningar inom vården. Sverige är ett av länderna i EU med största andelen invånare med utländsk bakgrund vilket gör Sverige till ett mångkulturellt samhälle. Personer med utländsk bakgrund har olika kulturer som påverkar hur hälsa och sjukdom definieras. Sjuksköterskans professionella ansvar innebär att kunna tillgodose en personcentrerad vård som är kulturellt anpassad. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av mötet med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal hos patienter med utländsk bakgrund. Metod: Litteraturöversikt enligt Friberg (2017) genomfördes som baserades på tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna inhämtades från databaserna CINAHL Complete och PubMed med hjälp av sökblock. Resultat: I resultatet presenterades fem kategorier. Förväntningar på hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens kulturella kompetens, Syn på vården, Kulturella och religiösa skillnader, Kommunikationsbarriärer och Tolkanvändning. Sammanfattning: Det har visats att patienter med utländsk bakgrund har både positiva och negativa upplevelser på grund av kulturella skillnader och bristande kommunikation med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Svårigheter som påträffats orsakas av kommunikationssvårigheter, språkbarriärer och brist på kulturell kompetens. Det behövs mer kunskap inom mångkulturell vård och det är av stor vikt att utbilda framtida sjuksköterskor om detta fenomen. / Background: The increased migration in Sweden entails major challenges in healthcare. Sweden is one of the countries in the EU with the largest proportion of residents with a foreign background which makes Sweden a multicultural society. People with a foreign background have different cultures that affect how health and illness are defined. The professional responsibility of nurses’ means being able to provide patient-centered care that is culturally adapted. Aim: The aim was to describe experiences of the meeting with health care professionals in patients with foreign background. Method: A literature review according to Friberg (2017) was conducted based on ten scientific qualitative articles. The articles were obtained from the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed using a search block. Results: Five categories were presented in the result. Expectations of the cultural competence of health care professionals, View on healthcare, Cultural and religious differences, Communication barriers and Use of interpretation. Summary: It has been shown that patients with foreign backgrounds have both positive and negative experiences due to cultural differences and lack of communication with health care professionals. The difficulties encountered were caused by communication difficulties, language barriers and lack of cultural competence. There is a need for more multicultural care and it is of great importance to educate future nurses about this fenomenon.

En el Perú, el servicio de interpretación telefónica es ofrecido por distintas empresas y la mayoría de los traductores e intérpretes en formación postulan a empresas de interpretación telefónica para completar sus prácticas pre-profesionales o desarrollarse profesionalmente. Ozolins (2011) plantea que existe la necesidad de información actual sobre el fenómeno global de la interpretación telefónica, pues este ha ido creciendo junto a los avances tecnológicos. Con respecto al aprendizaje en el lugar de trabajo, para Ha (2008) por más que el lugar de trabajo no sea un espacio creado específicamente para el aprendizaje, se pueden encontrar oportunidades que permiten el aprendizaje mediante las actividades que los trabajadores realizan. En ese sentido, la presente investigación adoptará un enfoque cualitativo y empleará un estudio de caso con el objetivo de conocer y describir las experiencias de aprendizaje de los intérpretes novatos en su rol como intérpretes telefónicos en una empresa de interpretación en Lima. Además, esta investigación propone realizar entrevistas semiestructuradas a doce estudiantes o egresados de la carrera de traducción e interpretación con experiencia de tres meses como intérpretes telefónicos para así indagar en sus percepciones y experiencias sobre la experiencia de aprendizaje durante su trabajo en dicha empresa de interpretación. / In Peru, telephone interpreting services are offered by different companies, and most translators and interpreters in training apply to telephone interpreting companies to complete their pre-professional internships or develop themselves professionally. Ozolins (2011) states that there is a need for current information on the global phenomenon of telephone interpreting, as it has been growing along with technological advances. Regarding workplace learning, Ha (2008) argues that even if the workplace is not a space created specifically for learning, workers can find opportunities for learning through the activities they perform. Consequently, this research will adopt a qualitative approach and a case study with the objective of learning and describing the learning experiences of beginner interpreters in their role as telephone interpreters in an interpreting company in Lima. In addition, this research intends to conduct semi-structured interviews with twelve students with three months of experience as telephone interpreters, both students and graduates of the Translation and Interpreting program in order to investigate their perceptions and experiences regarding the learning experience during their work at an interpreting company. / Trabajo de investigación