298 f. : il. / Submitted by Omar Azevedo (omar040872@hotmail.com) on 2013-09-25T18:18:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Omar Barbosa Azevedo.pdf: 2142534 bytes, checksum: 665ac588c9e605e84bb5b79eada608fe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-09-26T14:49:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Omar Barbosa Azevedo.pdf: 2142534 bytes, checksum: 665ac588c9e605e84bb5b79eada608fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-26T14:49:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Omar Barbosa Azevedo.pdf: 2142534 bytes, checksum: 665ac588c9e605e84bb5b79eada608fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O tema da presente tese de doutoramento é a comunicação em sala de aula entre professoras e alunos surdos. A partir da tradução e da etnonarrativa implicada, compreendi as mediações linguísticas em cinco diferentes cenas de interação comunicativa em sala de aula. Adotei a etnopesquisa como fundamento teórico-metodológico de pesquisa qualitativa em educação, a etnonarrativa implicada com densos componentes autobiográficos e procedimentos da sociolinguística interacional para a interpretação dos diálogos entre os atores sociais do cenário socioeducativo. Em termos da compreensão dos turnos de fala, parti de cinco etno-observações filmadas num programa de estimulação precoce que adotava o uso da língua brasileira de sinais (Libras). Utilizei também um diário de campo para anotar informações relevantes sobre as aulas filmadas e o cotidiano institucional. Vale ressaltar que a heurística da pesquisa se revela dentro da perspectiva de uma etnonarrativa implicada na sua totalidade e em seu movimento. No que concerne ao processo de compreensão das mediações linguísticas entre professoras e alunos surdos, participaram duas professoras surdas, três professoras ouvintes e treze alunos surdos. Os alunos estavam na faixa etária dos cinco aos sete anos de idade. Descrevi as falas dos participantes em turnos que contém a anotação dos elementos constitutivos (sinais da Libras, gestos, movimentos corporais, expressões faciais, etc.) e a respectiva tradução para a língua portuguesa. Intepretei diálogos selecionados em cenas que contêm fenômenos próprios da comunicação entre professoras e alunos surdos. A partir da compreensão das mediações linguísticas entre os participantes, discuti questões próprias da Educação de Surdos, como a formação de professores surdos e de TILS educacionais linguisticamente responsáveis para a atuação neste contexto. Discuti também o problema da exclusão linguística e a luta pela Escola Bilíngue da comunidade surda brasileira, evidenciando a relevância linguística, cultural e identitária, bem como a pertinência socioeducativa destas instituições. / Salvador

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar, descrever e examinar alguns aspectos da educação política no Brasil, mais especificamente as estratégias de uso de elementos da cultura empregadas pelos consultores de marketing político no seio das campanhas eleitorais. Neste estudo, defendeu-se duas teses: a) o marketing como uma matriz de educação política e b) os consultores como intérpretes da cultura. Observou-se, portanto, que esses agentes da política, da educação e da cultura agem como administradores de uma informação acumulada, por meio de uma ação pedagógica e socializadora difusa da população. Identificou-se os interesses diversificados de agentes na adesão a um espaço social específico, descreveu-se a institucionalização do marketing político no interior do campo científico e interpelou-se a categoria nativa intérpretes na produção de crenças e entendimentos sobre a política. Com o objetivo de aprofundar a compreensão das duas teses, discutiu-se a memória e a fofoca como conteúdos e didáticas das campanhas eleitorais. Para cumprir o empreendimento intelectual proposto, foi realizada uma etnografia multissituada, de caráter exploratório, inovador e inédito na área de educação, analisando um conjunto de dados multilocalizados e oriundos de propagandas eleitorais; de contextos de produção de uma campanha específica, realizada na Amazônia brasileira; de livros produzidos por consultores; de entrevistas realizadas com eles e de outras referências encontradas no trabalho de campo e vividas pelo autor da pesquisa. Com a intenção de que o presente estudo venha contribuir para um entendimento mais amplo e eficiente a respeito da construção social da realidade nos dias atuais, propôs-se investigar as formas de sintetizar a cultura no que se refere à produção de possíveis tentativas de educação dos modos de concepção, classificação, julgamento e imaginação da população no âmbito político. Por fim, buscou-se contribuir para a ampliação do escopo investigativo da sociologia da educação no que tange aos processos educacionais difusos e de massa, e que influem substancialmente no futuro do país, que não estão restritos à escola, mas que podem chegar à ela. / This research aimed at identifying, describing and examining some aspects of political education in Brazil, more precisely the use of cultural elements by political marketing consultants in electoral campaigns. Two theses were defended by this study: a) Marketing as a source for political education and b) consultants as the interpreters of culture. It was observed, therefore, that these agents of politics, education and culture operate as managers of accumulated information, by means of pedagogic action and socializing practices of the population. Diversified interests of these agents were identified in support of a particular social area, the institutionalization of political marketing within the scientific field was also depicted, and the native status of interpreters in the creation of political views and beliefs was questioned. With the objective of deepening the understanding of the two theses, collective memory and rumors were discussed as content of and educational approaches to electoral campaigns. In order to accomplish the proposed intellectual enterprise, a multi-sited ethnographic study that was exploratory and innovative in character and unprecedented in the educational field, was created by analyzing a set of multi-locational data derived from electoral campaigns; in fact as a result of a particular campaign, which took place in the Brazilian Amazon; from books written by those consultants; interviews and other references that were found during fieldwork and experienced by the author of the research. With the purpose to provide a broader and more efficient understanding concerning the construction of our current social reality, the present case study aimed at exploring ways to synthesize culture regarding the production of possible attempts to educate the population in of methods of conception, classification, judgment and imagination in the realm of politics. Lastly, the intention was to widen the investigative scope of sociology of education related to widespread and mass educational procedures, which have a substantial influence on the future of the country, and which arent limited to the school system, but that can reach it.

Orientador: Luiz César Martini / Dissertação (mestrado) Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Egenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T11:03:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PradaSanmiguel_JulianMauricio_M.pdf: 2046023 bytes, checksum: 428745119cf4df222965e308409fc621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A falta de recursos computacionais com aplicativos matemáticos voltados para deficientes visuais e outros tem impedido que os deficientes estudem e desenvolvam trabalhos nas áreas das ciências exatas. Este tema de tese visa basicamente ao desenvolvimento de uma calculadora científica programável que é ativada no próprio editor de textos de um programa gratuito conhecido por DOSVOX, disponível especificamente para uso dos portadores de necessidades especiais. A calculadora foi desenvolvida de tal forma que permite ao usuário criar algoritmos e cálculos matemáticos desde o editor de textos (EDIVOX), o qual permite aproveitar os recursos de sínteses de fala com os que este conta, o que a sua vez facilita enormemente o processo de criação, manipulação e execução destes / Abstract: The lack of computational resources with mathematical applications designed for the visually impaired and others has prevented them to study and develop work in the fields of exact sciences. This thesis topic points essentially to the development of a scientific programmable calculator which is activated from the text editor of a free program known as DOSVOX available specifically for use by persons with special needs. The calculator was developed in a way that allows users to create algorithms and mathematical calculations from a text editor (EDIVOX), which allows the calculator using speech synthesis resources it possesses, which in turn greatly facilitates the process creation, manipulation and implementation of these / Mestrado / Telematica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Afin de sécuriser les applications web, nous nous sommes intéressés à appliquer des analyses dynamiques de sécurité à des programmes JavaScript. Dansce contexte, pouvoir rapidement modifier l’interpréteur et composer des analyses à l’exécution est primordial. Une façon d’effectuer ces changements aurait été parrefactorisation. Mais la refactorisation peut être délicate et chronophage, car elle implique de réécrire des parties du code source, voire de réorganiser toute l’architecture du programme. La refactorisation est trop coûteuse lorsque prime la vitesse d’itération.Nous explorons une alternative économe à la refactorisation : le détournement. Détourner un programme c’est changer ses résultats sans directement modifierson code source. Pour détourner un programme, on exploite des techniques d’indirection, tels que la portée dynamique et la métaprogrammation.On commence par passer en revue les techniques utilisées pour des problèmes connexes d’extensibilité, et on applique ces techniques pour détourner des interpréteurs simples. Puis, on montre comment le détournement peut aider à construire un interpréteur par incréments, pour permettre d’activer dynamiquement des comportements alternatifs. Enfin, on applique ces techniques pour détourner un véritable interpréteur JavaScript par de multiples analyses dynamiques de sécurité.Au prix d’un potentiel impact en efficacité et en sûreté, détourner l’interpréteur est à la fois plus rapide et plus flexible que de le réécrire, ce qui fait du détournement une alternative légitime à la refactorisation. / For securing web applications, we were interested in applying dynamic security analyses to JavaScript programs. In this context, the ability to quickly modify the interpreter and to compose analyses at runtime is paramount. One way to effect these changes would have been through refactoring. But refactoring can be tricky and time-consuming, as it entails to rewrite parts of the source code, and even to reorganize the program’s whole architecture. Refactoring is too costly when rapid iteration is preferred.We explore a lightweight alternative to refactoring: diverting. To divert a program is to change its results without directly modifying its source code. To divert a program, we leverage indirection techniques such as dynamic scoping and metaprogramming.We first review the techniques used in related extensibility problems, like the Expression Problem, and apply these techniques to divert simple interpreters. We then show how diverting can help build interpreters incrementally in layers, allowing dynamic activation of alternative behavior. Finally, we apply those techniques to divert a full-blown JavaScript interpreter with multiple dynamic security analyses. We find that, with potential costs in efficiency and program safety, diverting is both faster and more flexible than rewriting the interpreter,thus making diverting a legitimate alternative to refactoring.

Teckenspråkstolkar hanterar till vardags olika typer av tolkuppdrag, till exempel möten på arbetsplatser, offentliga uppdrag på scen, i utbildningssammanhang eller hos tandläkaren. Syftet är alltid detsamma, nämligen att möjliggöra kommunikation mellan personer som inte delar samma språk. Situationernavarierar dock och kan äga rum i alla tänkbara kontexter i livet, från vaggan till graven. Det ingår i tolkensprofession att anpassa sig till situationen. Det handlar både om en språklig och kulturell anpassning och en anpassning av sitt yttre för att inte vara ett störningsmoment för de närvarande parterna under uppdraget. Kläderna är en viktig del inom tolkning eftersom teckenspråket är visuellt baserat och mottagaren uppfattar språket via synen. Den här studien fokuserar på yrkesverksamma teckenspråkstolkars uppfattning om klädkoden inom professionen samt hur klädvalet anpassas efter uppdragen. I uppsatsen genomfördes sju kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer för detta ändamål. Analysen visar att det förekommer anpassningar ifråga om vad tolkar väljer att ta på sig beroende på vilken typ av uppdrag som står på agendan. Det kan handla både om att vara praktiskt klädd inför uppdrag och att signalera professionalitet till omgivningen. Klädkoden inom tolkkåren är en oskriven regel som alla känner till och följer, men som inte är specifikt uttalad när man väl är klar med utbildningen. Samtidigt uppger flera tolkar om att de inom ramen för den rådande klädkoden ändå på kreativa sätt kan variera sin klädsel och markera sin personliga identitet. / Sign language interpreters handle different types of interpreting assignments with regards to work-related situations such as meetings at workplaces, public assignments on stage, in educational contexts, or at the dentist. The purpose is always the same, to enable communication between people who do not share a language. Situations, however, vary greatly and can occur in all conceivable contexts in life from the cradle to the grave. A part of the interpreter's profession is to adapt to these situations. It includes linguistic and cultural adaptation, as well as adaptation of the interpreter’s appearance in order to not interfere with the parties involved in the assignment. Clothing is an important part of interpretation as the sign language is visual and the recipients understand the language through signs. This study focuses on the professional sign language interpreter’s perception of the dress code in the profession and how the choice of clothing is adapted to the assignments. The study conducted seven qualitative research interviews for this purpose. The analysis shows that there are adjustments in terms of what interpreters choose to wear, which depend on the type of assignment, to be both practically dressed and to signal professionalism in the environment. This dress code within the interpreting corps is an unwritten rule that everyone knows and follows, but which is not specifically stated once the education is completed. At the same time, several interpreters state that within the framework of the prevailing dress code, they can still creatively vary their attire and mark their personal identity.

This theoretical-empirical thesis deals with the quality assessment of simultaneous interpreters done by clients not familiar with the original speech, with special regard to self-correction. The aim of this thesis is to find out what effect self-correction has on listeners who are not familiar with the content of the original speech. At the same time, the thesis tries to shed light on the influence of stress on self-correction and it wants to reveal if being under stress leads to a lower level of self-correction, or if it stimulates the interpreters. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the simultaneous interpretation in general, working conditions of a simultaneous interpreter, self-correction and it shows some of the previous investigations in the field of quality assessment of simultaneous interpreting. Also, the thesis investigates various factors that influence simultaneous interpretation and it presents mistakes typology. The empirical part of the study describes the experiment with students interpreting simultaneously from Spanish into Czech and it presents the results obtained via questionnaire surveys.

Bakgrund Antalet invandrare som kommer till Sverige har ökat de senaste åren. Sjuksköterskor i vården stöter allt mer på patienter med kulturella och språkliga skillnader. Ett bra möte mellan sjuksköterska och patient, där båda kan förstå varandra, är viktigt för att få en god och säker vård. Det är av stor vikt att sjuksköterskor har kunskap om transkulturell omvårdnad för att möta patientens unika behov på vägen mot hälsa. Syfte Syftet var att belysa språkbarriärer i mötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient med kulturella och språkliga skillnader.  Metod En litteraturöversikt valdes som metod för att göra en sammanställning av tidigare gjord forskning kring det valda ämnet. Totalt 17 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades.  Resultat I resultatet framkom tre kategorier: språkbarriär, kulturell kompetens samt brist och tillgång till tolk. De tre kategorierna delas in i tre subkategorier format i en tabell. Resultatet visade vidare att språkbarriären utgjorde det största hindret i kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patient med invandrarbakgrund. Kulturell kompetens och brist och tillgång till tolk, var två andra hinder av betydelse i kommunikationen.  Slutsats För att kunna ge god omvårdnad behöver sjuksköterskan kommunicera med patienten och dessutom ha en viss förståelse för patientens kulturella bakgrund. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskor får utbildning inom transkulturell omvårdnad. Med mer kunskap i ämnet kan förhoppningsvis ömsesidiga missförstånd och frustration därav minskas samt förebyggas. För att få en säkrare vård, kunna känna trygghet och undvika missuppfattningar är det viktigt att engagera en professionell tolk i sjuksköterskans möte med patienten.

The Regular Expression (RegEx) is one of the most important computer science technologies used for searching through text. Used commonly in almost every corner of computer science that is dependent on searching, it is imperative that they are made to be efficient. Usually, RegEx are implemented through the use of a process called interpretation. This thesis explores the possibility and execution time benefits of compiling the RegEx as part of the program instead of interpreting it. For this purpose, a prototype implementation was developed in the Rust programming language. Using this prototype, execution time benchmarks were performed that compare the optimised, and commonly used, interpreted variant against the thesis’ unoptimised compiled version. While the results did not determine a clear preferred method in terms of execution time, they did highlight the potential that exists in compiling RegEx. With some of the tests showing faster execution times in the prototype, there are strong arguments for future research into this field, where the compilation of RegEx can come to benefit from the optimisations present in the interpreted norm. / Regulära uttryck (EN: Regular Expression; RegEx) är en av de mest använda datalogiteknikerna för att söka igenom text. Eftersom det är använt inom många delar av datalogi så är teknikens effektivitet viktig. I norm är RegEx genomförda med en process kallad tolkning. Denna uppsats utforskar möjligheten och tidsförmåner att kompilera dessa RegEx som en del av det utomliggande programmet istället för att tolka det. För det syftet skapades en prototyp i programmeringsspråket Rust. Denna prototyp användes då för att utföra tidstest där den optimerade tolkade normen jämnfördes med avhandlingens kompilerade icke optimerade variant. De producerade resultaten visade ingen föredragen metod men betonade möjligheterna med att kompilera RegEx. Eftersom vissa av testerna visade snabbare utförande med prototypen finns det starka argument för ytterligare forskning inom detta område. På så sätt kan den kompilerade formen ta del av den utveckling som den tolkade normen redan har.

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<p>Static program analyzers are vital tools to produce useful insights about programs without executing these programs. These insights can be used to improve the quality of programs, e.g., detecting defects in programs, or optimizing programs to use fewer resources. However, building static program analyzers that are simultaneously sound, performant, and flexible is notoriously challenging.</p> <p>This dissertation aims to address this challenge by exploring the potential of applying correct-by-construction metaprogramming techniques to build static program analyzers. Metaprogramming techniques manipulate and transform programs as data objects.  In this thesis, we consider static program analyzers as the objects to be manipulated or transformed. We show that metaprogramming techniques can improve our understanding, the construction, flexibility, and performance of program analyzers.</p> <p>We first study the inter-derivation of abstract interpreters. Using off-the-shelf program transformation techniques such as refunctionalization, we demonstrate that big-step abstract interpreters can be mechanically derived from their small-step counterparts, thus building a functional correspondence between two different styles of abstract interpretation.</p> <p>To build high-performance program analyzers, we exploit the first Futamura projection to build compilers for abstract interpretation and symbolic execution. The first Futamura projection states that specializing an interpreter with respect to an input program is a process equivalent to compilation, thus providing a practical way to repurpose interpreters for compilation and code generation. We systematically apply this idea to build program-analysis compilers by writing analyzers as staged interpreters using higher-level abstractions. The staged interpreter can be used for generating sound and performant analysis code given a specific input program. Moreover, the approach enables using abstractions without regret: by using higher-level program abstractions, the analyzer can be written in a way that is close to its high-level specification (e.g. big-step operational semantics), and by compilation, the analyzer is performant since it does not need to pay the runtime overhead of using these abstraction mechanisms.</p> <p>We also develop novel type systems that track sharing and separation in higher-order imperative languages. Such type systems are useful both for general-purpose programming languages and for optimization of domain-specific metaprograms such as those program-analysis compilers.</p> <p><br></p>