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我國國小自然科學教科書之分析研究 / An Analysis of the Science Textbooks Used in the Elementary Schools of Taiwan黃瓊瑱, Huang, Chiung-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究是以1980年代以後的科學教育目標來分析我國國小自然科學教科書
之課本、教學指引及習作,探討教科書的內容、實驗活動及作業問題型態
,並調查國小自然科教師對教科書的使用意見,了解現行教科書的優缺點
,以供編撰教科書及學校、教師選擇教科書的參考。
為達上述之目的,本研究在內容分析部份採用的工具有科學知識本質年齡
層次分類表、STS科學教育目標、實驗活動發現開放層次分類法、科學
過程探究技能、教科書作業問題型態評估工具、以及 Bloom的目標分類法
,在問卷調查方面採用國小自然科學教科書之意見調查表來蒐集和分析資
料。
本研究的主要發現如下:
一、國小自然科學教科書之課本內容在文字敘述上涉及科學知識本質的僅
佔0.084%,而這些文字敘述只提到科學知識是實證性的,雖如此,但其內
容仍含有科學知識本質之正面教學功能。
二、國小自然科學教科書的每個單元都提及個人需要及學術準備的科學教
育目標,而有25.53%的單元提及與科學有關的社會議題,但無提及有關生
涯職業教育的內容。
三、國小自然科學教科書的實驗活動無屬於層次0的單元,有55.32%的單
元屬於層次1,42.55%的單元屬於層次2,2.13% 的單元屬於層次3,是
屬相當不錯的實驗活動設計。
四、國小自然科學教科書習作的作業問題型態以及層次之分佈,有1.94%
的問題屬於非經驗性問題,98.06%的問題屬於經驗或實驗性問題;且屬於
高層次問題的比例較多,亦有一些價值性問題的設計,是相當重視學生高
層次問題解決的學習。以 Bloom目標分類來看,幾乎所有的作業問題都屬
於認知領域的問題,佔了99.72%,其中以理解和應用的問題為最多。
五、國小自然科教師對教科書的整體意見為滿意。可是教師對於教科書的
內容並不滿意但尚可接受;其他各項來說,教師對教科書的組織、閱讀層
次、圖表說明、課文中的實驗活動及習作、教學指引、教科書的容貌均呈
滿意的態度。
The purpose of this study was to analyze the science
textbooks used in the elementary schools of Taiwan in terms of
goals for science education. The following five components were
studied and analyzed:(1)the nature of scientific knowledge,
(2)the interaction of science, technology and society,
(3)openness and process/skills of laboratory activities,
(4)type and level of questioning style, and(5)opinions of
science teachers concerning science textbooks.
For the purposes described above, seven methods were adopted
for this study; that is, the classification of the nature of
scientific knowledge, the desired state of science in the
elementary school, the level of discovery/openness, science
process or inquity skills, and textbook questioning strategies
assessment instrument, Bloom's taxonomy classifies educational
objectives and science textbook rating system.
The major findings include:
1.Only about 0.084% of the narrative page space is devoted to
the nature of scientific knowledge in the science textbooks
used in elementary school. Only empirical scientific knowledge
was presented.
2.Every unit in the science textbooks used in elementary
school is associated with the goals of personal needs and
academic preparation. 25.53% of units are associated with the
goals of societal issues, but no unit associated with the goals
of career education.
3.Most of the laboratory activities in the science textbooks
used in elementary schools, which provided the problems and
the procedures to student's performance, belong to level 1 or 2.
4.Most of the questions are experiential questions(98.06%).
And almost of the questions are cognitive domain(99.72%), and
most of them are comprehension questions and application
questions.
5.Most of the elementary school science teachers are
satisfied with the science textbooks used in elementary schools
, and their satisfaction goes beyond the contents of the
textbooks.
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The Southern Sotho relative in discourseMischke, Gertruida Elizabeth 11 1900 (has links)
Southern Sotho verbal relative clauses are, on discourse-pragmatic grounds, categorised
as direct and indirect. The pragmatic factors that govern the occurrence of these two
types of relatives within a particular discourse context are investigated.
An analysis of relative clauses occurring in live conversations as well as in the dramas
Bulane (Khaketla, 1983) and Tjootjo e tla hloma sese/a (Maake, 1992) reveals that
direct relative clauses usually modify the reference of predicate nouns (i.e. nouns used
as the complements of copulative predicates), while indirect relative clauses modify the
reference of object nouns.
Theories which suggest that both predicate as well as object nouns generally convey new
information, but that the reference status of predicate nouns is non-specific indefinite,
while that of object nouns is specific indefinite, are discussed. A hypothesis suggesting
that there is an interrelationship between the reference status of a head noun and the type
of relative by means of which it is qualified, is proposed. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)
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Teaching Derivations of Area and Measurement Concepts of the Circle: A Conceptual-Based Learning Approach through Dissection Motion OperationsShields, Tracy, Rahim, Medhat H. 20 March 2012 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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Teaching Derivations of Area and Measurement Concepts of the Circle: A Conceptual-Based Learning Approach through Dissection Motion OperationsShields, Tracy, Rahim, Medhat H. 20 March 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Who are we and what do we measure? : A case study of the dynamic relationship between performance measurement and organizational identityKällgren, Marcus, Vejbrink Kildal, Adrian January 2022 (has links)
Performance measurements have been described as a tool by which management can communicate expected standards of behavior as well as a shared meaning among members regarding the intended direction of the firm. In parallel, the organizational identity field relies on the premise that members can answer the question “who are we as an organization?” through a sense of shared understanding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications a performance measurement system has on the employees’ perception of “who we are“, related to the theoretical framework of organizational identity. This paper utilizes a qualitative research method, a case-based approach of a Swedish life science company which is conducted in an exploratory manner. The case company is chosen due to its contextual setting regarding the newly implemented performance measurement system, along with the inherent characteristics of the industry in general, which is typically considered to be incongruent with such quantitative measurements. The empirical data is collected through eight interviews with members from the chosen case company, as well as through internal documents describing its performance measurement system. The authors propose a revised theoretical framework in which performance measurements and organizational identity are investigated through a conceptual model which explores their dynamic relationship. The findings reinforce well-known ideas of performance measurements and organizational identity, along with providing new insights on the dynamics between them. Keywords: Organizational Identity, Performance Measurement System, Performance Management, Identity-Dynamics
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