Né à Castello près de Florence, Mario Luzi est consideré aujourd’hui comme une des voix plus nobles de la poésie en Europe. Le corpus des textes choisis pour l’étude est constitué par l’édition suivante: Mario Luzi, L’opera poetica, a cura di S. Verdino, Milano, Mondadori, «I Meridiani», 1998. Le volume, établi par l’auteur même, est divisé chronologiquement en trois parties: Il giusto della vita, Nell’opera del mondo et Frasi nella luce nascente. À partir de cette organisation textuelle, notre projet de recherche analyse l’œuvre poétique de Luzi, de son premier recueil La Barca (1935), qui marque sa saison hermétique, jusqu’à Viaggio terrestre e celeste di Simone Martini (1994), qui représente sa pleine maturité artistique. Les nombreuses occurrences des lexèmes «vita» et «filo» dès les premiers recueils confirment que le thème de la vie est le fil principal de l’œuvre poétique luzienne, mais autour de ce fil Luzi tisse d’autres fils poétiques : le sourire, la lumière, le voyage (comme métaphore de la vie). La tendance critique dominante préfère étudier un recueil en particulier, ou s’arrête tout au plus à l’analyse d’un ensemble homogène de recueils. Au contraire nous estimons que la lecture transversale et l’exploration intertextuelle de l’ensemble de l’œuvre poétique luzienne permettent de jeter un nouvel éclairage sur le processus de composition et en même temps de tracer des pistes herméneutiques originales. À travers sa poésie Luzi traque les raisons dernières de l’existence, les transformations perpétuelles du réel et les contradictions qui hantent l’homme moderne, remettant sans cesse en question les certitudes pour tenter d’atteindre à une vérité plus profonde. / Born in Castello, near Florence, Mario Luzi is today regarded as one of the highest poetical voice in Europe. The corpus of texts adopted to studying is Mario Luzi, The poetical works, edited by Stefano Verdino, Milano, Mondadori, «I Meridiani», 1998, which is divided into three chronological parts: Il giusto della vita, Nell’opera del mondo and Frasi nella luce nascente. From this textual organization, approved by the author, our project of research analyses Mario Luzi’s poetical works from his first book of verse, La barca (1935), which marks his hermetic season to Viaggio terrestre e celeste di Simone Martini (1994), which represents his full artistic maturity. The high frequency of words «vita» and «filo» in his first books of verse reveals that the theme of life is the principal thread of Luzi’s poetical works, but he interweaves metaphorically others poetic threads such as the thread of smile, the thread of light and the thread of voyage (as metaphor of life). Generally critics examine only one book of verse or no more of a homogeneous collection of poems. On the contrary, we think that a transversal reading and an intertextual exploration of the whole Luzi’poetical works give a new point of view on his artistic process of composition and at the same time they show original interpretations. By his poetry Mario Luzi pursues the ultimate aims of existence, the continuous transformations of reality, the modern human contradictions, and comes certitudes into question to achieve a more deep truth.

The four novels Hyperion, The Fall ofHyperion, Endymionand The Rise of Endymionconstitute the Hyperion Cantosby the American science fiction writer Dan Simmons. Thisgalactic-empire,epic,science fictionnarrative containsa plethora ofliterary references. The dominant part comes from the nineteenth-century Romantic poet John Keats. The inclusion of passages from his poetry and letters is pursuedin my analysis.EmployingLubomír Doležel’scategorizations of intertextuality—“transposition,” “expansion,” and “displacement”—I seek to show how Keats’s writings and his persona constitute a privilegedintertext inSimmons’s tetralogyand I show its function.Simmons constructs subsidiary plots, some of which are drivenby Keats’s most well-known poetry. In consequence, some of the subplotscan be regarded as rewrites of Keats’s works.Although quotations of poetry have a tendency to direct the reader’s attention away from the main plot,slowing down the narrative,such passages in the narrativesevokeKeats’s philosophy of empathy, beauty andlove,which is fundamental for his humanism.ForKeats, the poet is a humanist, giving solace to mankind through his poetry. I argue that the complex intertextual relationships with regards toKeats’s poetryand biographyshow the way Simmons expresses humanism as a belief in man’s dignity and worth, and uses it as the basis for his epic narrative.

The diploma thesis will deal with film realizations of works by Bohumil Hrabal. Specifically, they will be films that were created until 1969. These include: Fádní odpoledne, Perličky na dně, Ostře sledované vlaky, Sběrné surovosti a Skřivánci na niti. At the same time, verbal and film versions of individual texts will be compared. In addition, the work will become familiar with the film Private Storm by Vladimir Paral's book. We will focus on comparing Hrabal and Páral's poetics. Part of the work will also include information about the 60 s in the film, theater and literature. It will then contain information on the position of Bohumil Hrabal in the so-called gray zone. From a didactic point of view, how Hrabal and the 1960s are taught will be dealt with and whether the film can be used to teach literature and how to get pupils to read.

Orientador: Antônio Donizeti Pires / Resumo: A publicação de Poemas Reunidos (2010) de Geraldo Eduardo Carneiro veio para englobar os mais de 36 anos de uma poesia notadamente marcada pela vivacidade, bom humor e ironia. Todavia, tal postura não impediu também a reflexão do “corpo” da poesia (como “objeto em si”; estrutura); ou mesmo da “alma” da poesia (como “voz(es)”; tradição; ruptura). Poemas Reunidos corresponde, para nós, a todo um “percurso poético” que apresenta sólidas pistas para uma poética (algo que nada teria a ver, necessariamente, com um projeto consciente do poeta, mas, apenas, a evidência de que certas marcas temático-estruturais, com o passar do tempo, acabariam ficando cada vez mais evidentes e fortes). Sendo assim, poeta praticamente inexplorado na Academia, em Geraldo Carneiro notamos o entrecruzamento de diversas frentes da nossa poesia moderna-contemporânea: de 22 a 30, passando, sobretudo, por João Cabral de Melo Neto e os Concretos, além do Tropicalismo e a Poesia Marginal – essa última sendo o berço, embora, definitivamente, não a última morada do poeta. No sinuoso labirinto poético de Carneiro, a cultura de massas e a releitura dos clássicos vai ganhando forma através do incessante resgate da intertextualidade e da memória da literatura. É assim que parece surgir a necessidade de reconhecer no(s) Outro(s) a essência do próprio Eu. São os casos mais evidentes o de Orfeu, o protótipo do poeta por excelência, e de Odisseu, eterno explorador e viajante de si e do mundo; Olavo Bilac, poeta da “noss... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The publication of Geraldo Eduardo Carneiro's Poemas Reunidos (2010) came to encompass the more than 36 years of poetry notedly marked by liveliness, good humor and irony. However, this posture did not prevent the reflection of the "body" of poetry (as "object in itself", structure); or even the "soul" of poetry (as "voice (s)", tradition, rupture). Poemas Reunidos corresponds, for us, to a whole "poetic journey" that presents solid clues to a poetic (something that would have nothing to do with a conscious project of the poet, but only the evidence that certain thematic- structural, over time, would become increasingly evident and strong). As a practically unexplored poet in the Academy, in Geraldo Carneiro, we noticed the intersection of several fronts of our modern-contemporary poetry: from 22 to 30, passing, above all, by João Cabral de Melo Neto and the Concretos, besides Tropicalism and Marginal Poetry - this last one being the cradle, although, definitely, not the last address of the poet. In Carneiro's meandering poetic labyrinth, mass culture and the re-reading of the classics are gaining shape through the incessant rescue of intertextuality and the memory of literature. This is how it seems that the need arises to recognize in the Other (s) the essence of self. The most obvious cases are that of Orpheus, the prototype of the poet par excellence, and of Odysseus, eternal explorer and traveler of himself and of the world; Olavo Bilac, poet of "our" language, prince an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Astratto: Editoria Riuniti Poems (2010) Geraldo Carneiro Eduardo è venuto fino a comprendere più di 36 anni di poesia in particolare caratterizzati da vivacità, umorismo e ironia. Tuttavia, questa posizione non impedisce il riflesso del "corpo" della poesia (come "oggetto in sé", struttura); o anche l'anima della poesia (come "voce (s)", tradizione, rottura). La sue poesie raccolte corrisponde, per noi, l'intero "percorso poetico" che dispone di indizi solidi ad una poetica (qualcosa che non ha nulla a che fare necessariamente con il progetto di un poeta cosciente, ma solo le prove che alcune marche temático-strutturale, nel tempo, diventerebbe sempre più evidente e forte). Così, nel poeta praticamente inutilizzato in Accademia, Geraldo Carneiro ha notato l'intersezione di diversi fronti della nostra poesia moderna-contemporanea: 22-30, passando soprattutto da João Cabral de Melo Neto e il Concretismo, al di là di Tropicalismo e la Poesia marginale - quest'ultima è la culla, anche se sicuramente non è la sua ultima dimora. In poesie avvolgimento labirintica, cultura di massa e rileggendo il classico prende forma attraverso il costante recupero dell'intertestualità e memoria letteratura. Ecco come sembra emergere la necessità di riconoscere la (s) altro (s) l'essenza del proprio sé. Sono i casi più evidenti di Orfeo, poeta del prototipo per eccellenza, e Odisseo, esploratore eterno e viaggiatore stesso e del mondo; Olavo Bilac, poeta della "nostra" lingua, principe e maledetto; Camões, / Doutor

Les Mille et une nuits sont une compilation de récits divers, du conte merveilleux au « roman » épique et à l'anecdote historique, en provenance de différentes sources, lettrées et « populaires, mais une compilation sans limites précises, variant de version en version, autour néanmoins d'un noyau d'histoires récurrentes. La présente thèse s'intéresse aux difficultés posées par cette complexité de l'objet : peut-on parler d'œuvre ? Comment est-elle transmissible ? Quelles représentations en ont les lecteurs du XXe siècle ? Quel est le corpus transmis ? Quel sens ont-elles pour les écrivains modernes ? A la croisée d'une étude de réception et d'influence, cette thèse étudiera plusieurs réécritures des Nuits afin d'examiner comment elles modélisent l'écriture moderne. Ce travail s'organisera selon trois perspectives générales : le rapport de la réécriture à l'immensité et à la complexité des Nuits, c'est-à-dire comment la création littéraire moderne redéfinit le corpus ; le mythe littéraire de Shahrâzâd ; et enfin les enjeux littéraires et culturels liés à l'appropriation des Mille et une nuits entre Europe et monde arabe. / The Thousand and One Nights, or Arabian Nights, are a collection made of narratives from high, popular and medium literature. This doctorial dissertation encompasses on the influence of this Nights on modern texts from XXth century's Europe, Middle-East, North-Africa and America. The complexity and particularity of this object question the rewritings: are the Thousand and One Nights a literary work? How rewriting it? What meanings writers search and create? The first part of this thesis aims to examine two types of rewriting: linked to the totality or selecting a story above all. The second part of this study focuses upon what we will call “Shahrazad myth”. Then, the third section seeks to illuminate literary and cultural stakes linked to the Nights' journey between East and West.

Marguerite Duras place la répétition, en tant que principe d’écriture, au cœur de la plupart de ses œuvres et cette répétition se situe à différents niveaux : celui de la diégèse, du style et des thématiques choisies. Cette étude se fixe donc pour objectif de comparer les écarts qui s’insinuent entre les nombreuses redites dans les récits de l’enfance et d’analyser les procédés narratifs selon trois axes : la restitution des connaissances objectives d’un narrateur omniscient, ses commentaires subjectifs, et enfin l’introduction dans le récit des voix des personnages et de l’auteur elle-même. C’est dans la confrontation de ces points de vue, mis en lumière par des procédés relevant de la syntaxe, de la sémantique ou de la pragmatique, que sont étudiés les enjeux et les effets de ce processus de réécriture d’un livre à l’autre ou même de certains passages à l’intérieur d’un même ouvrage. Ces variations prennent également leurs racines dans le maniement de conventions littéraires et cinématographiques en raison de la diversité de l’œuvre de Marguerite Duras qui propose des réécritures dans des genres littéraires variés et induit une véritable réflexion sur l’écriture elle-même. Enfin, si ces variations répondent à des besoins esthétiques et stylistiques, elles prennent également racine dans la vie réelle de l’auteur puisque la dimension biographique est essentielle dans l’œuvre de Marguerite Duras. Cette recherche est segmentée en fonction des épisodes les plus fréquemment repris d’un ouvrage à l’autre et les procédés sont analysés dans la confrontation des fragments qui se font écho. / Marguerite Duras uses repetition, as a principle of writing, at the heart of most of her works and this repetition takes place at different levels: the diegesis, the style and themes chosen. Therefore, this study compares the differences between the many repetitions in the childhood narratives and analyzes narrative processes along three axes: the return of objective knowledge of an omniscient narrator, her subjective comments, and finally the introduction of different voices of the characters or of the author herself. It is in the comparison of these views, highlighted by processes within the syntax, semantics or pragmatics that are studied, as well as issues and effects of this process of rewriting from a book to another or even between passages within the same work. These changes also take their roots in the use of literary and cinematic conventions due to the diversity of the work of Marguerite Duras, offering rewritings in various literary genres, and creating a true reflection on the writing itself. Finally, if these variations meet aesthetic needs and style, they also take root in the real life of the author as the biographical dimension is essential in the work of Marguerite Duras. This research is segmented according to the most frequently repeated episodes from one book to another. Processes are analyzed in the confrontation of fragments that écho one another.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo examinar o método de composição das comédias de Sá de Miranda e a maneira como o autor utilizou o processo de recriação poética denominado imitatio para promover o diálogo intertextual com seus paradigmas. Trata-se aqui de analisar intertextualmente textos gerados dentro de um contexto histórico-literário específico, em que o imitar era a regra. O autor tem como primeira intenção ao compor esse tipo de obra inserir-se numa tradição poética que aceita e pressupõe a alusão a textos precedentes, ou seja, uma tradição poética autônoma, em que as relações intertextuais se dão de maneira consciente e técnica e a obra de imitação resulta da reelaboração criativa de modelos. O primeiro capítulo vem situar a obra cômica mirandina no contexto histórico-cultural em que foi gerada. O segundo capítulo trata de imitatio e intertextualidade, estabelecendo terminologia e métodos para a análise intertextual, especificamente, de obras que têm a apropiação intencional de textos como princípio de criação literária. O terceiro capítulo apresenta um breve histórico do teatro latino, das origens até o surgimento da fabula palliata, adaptação latina da Comédia Nova Grega, que foi o modelo de comédia imitado pelos poetas renascentistas italianos, cujas obras se tornaram também paradigmas para o poeta português. O último capítulo é dedicado à análise intertextual das comédias de Sá de Miranda. / The objective of this dissertation is to examine the method of composition of Sá de Miranda?s comedies and the way the author made use of the poetic recreation process denominated imitatio to promote the intertextual dialogue with their paradigms. It concerns to the intertextual analysis of texts produced within a specific historical and literary context in which imitating was the rule. The author who composes literary works under this rule has as his first intention to get into a poetic tradition which accepts and presupposes the alusion to preceding texts, i. e., an autonomous poetic tradition in which the intertextual relations take place in a conscious and technical manner and the work of imitation results of the creative re-elaboration of the patterns. The first chapter comes to situate Sá de Miranda?s comic work in the historical and cultural context in which it was generated. The second chapter deals with imitatio and intertextuality, establishing terminology and methodology for intertextual analysis of specifically literary works which have the intentional appropriation of texts as literary creation principle. The third chapter presents a brief history of the Roman theater, from its origins up to the arising of the fabula palliata, the Roman adaptation of the Greek New Comedy, which was the model of comedy imitated by the Italian poets of the Renaissance, whose works became paradigms to the Portuguese poet too. The last chapter is dedicated to the intertextual analysis of Sá de Miranda?s Comedy.

Eugênio Tavares (1867-1930) foi, na sua época, uma personalidade influente no cenário cultural e político caboverdiano, atuando como poeta bilíngüe e jornalista engajado, embora tenha se notabilizado apenas pela sua produção poética em crioulo (mornas). A sua poesia em língua portuguesa dispersa em periódicos e revistas ficou por muito tempo esquecida, vindo a público somente nos anos oitenta, através de uma pesquisa empreendida por Félix Monteiro, da qual um importante corpus foi publicado na revista Raízes nº 17/20. Pretendemos neste trabalho traçar o roteiro biográfico do autor e fazer uma apresentação e leitura de sua poesia em língua portuguesa, ressaltando a sua militância política e a importância dessa obra no panorama literário caboverdiano desse período, como também refletir sobre a relação entre manifestações literárias e o meio social, tendo em vista as convenções estético-formais vigentes no contexto colonial finissecular e suas relações intertextuais com a obra de Eugênio Tavares. / Eugênio Tavares (1867-1930) was an influential personality in the political and cultural Cape verdean scenarium. He was a bilingual poet and he was also an engaged journalist, although he had been distinguished only by his poetic production in creole (mornas). His poetry in portuguese language, scattered in journals and magazines, has been forgotten for a long time. It appear only in the 80th, through a undertaken research by Félix Monteiro, who published an important corpus in the Raízes review nº17/20. In this work, we intent is to draw the authors biographic route and to make a presentation and reading his poetry in portuguese language, pointing out his political militancy, the importance of the his words in the Cape verdean literary panorama, besides to reflect about the relationchip between literary manifestation and social environment, having in view the esthetic-formal conventions in the fin-de-siecle colonial context and their intertextual relations to the Eugênio Tavares words.

Este trabalho analisa alguns diálogos entre o livro La literatura nazi en América, do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño (1953 2003), e a tradição literária do apócrifo. Para tanto, recortamos uma linha de escritas apócrifas que relaciona o factual com o fictício, a memória e a imaginação para tramar uma narrativa feita a partir de experiências de leitura, criatividade e a dissolução dos conceitos de biografia e história. Nessa perspectiva, num primeiro momento, resgatamos de modo panorâmico uma linhagem de obras que constitui uma família literária dentro de uma tradição mais ampla: Vidas Imaginárias, de Marcel Schwob; Retratos reales e imaginarios, de Alfonso Reyes; Historia universal de la infamia, de Jorge Luís Borges; e La sinagoga de los Iconoclastas, de Rodolfo Wilcock. Num segundo momento, focamos a obra de Jorge Luis Borges, visando um estudo mais detalhado de alguns de seus textos e os de Bolaño. A partir do rearranjo de formas emprestadas da tradição literária, Bolaño desenvolve procedimentos de escrita que são aprimorados em toda a sua obra, fortalecendo o diálogo com seus precursores numa escrita que se configura como fruto de um contínuo exercício de revisão e de reelaboração. / This essay analyzes some dialogues between Roberto Bolaño´s La literatura nazi en América and the literary tradition of the apocryphal. To do so, we selected a line of apocryphal writings that relate the factual with fiction and memory to shape a narrative made out of reading experiences, imagination and the dissolution of some rigid concepts of Biography and History. From this perspective, we start rescuing in a panoramic way a lineage of works that constitutes a literary family inside a wider tradition: Vidas Imaginarias, by Marcel Schwob; Retratos reales e imaginarios, by Alfonso Reyes; Historia universal de la infamia, by Jorge Luís Borges; and La sinagoga de los Iconoclastas, by Rodolfo Wilcock. Then, we proceed selecting Jorge Luis Borges´s work, for a more detailed study. Starting with the reorganization of forms borrowed from the literary tradition, Bolaño develops writing procedures that are improved in his whole works, strengthening the dialogue between his precursors and his own work configured as the result of a continuous exercise of revision and rewritings.

Considerando a significativa recorrência simbólica da noite e de suas derivações - a escuridão, as sombras, a insônia, o sono e os sonhos - nas composições que integram a obra poética de Fernando Pessoa, este trabalho de pesquisa se propõe a investigar a concepção simbólica do autor, a fim de apreender as variadas possibilidades interpretativas desse símbolo e de levantar uma hipótese global de seu significado no conjunto de poemas ortônimos pessoanos intitulado \"Cancioneiro\". Discutir-se-á, igualmente, nessa linha de análise, os diálogos travados pelo poeta com o movimento simbolista, ao qual ele estava visceralmente ligado, com a intenção de confirmar, sobretudo quanto ao emprego do elemento simbólico, a intertextualidade pessoana com o Simbolismo, sem perder de vista, no entanto, questões como a ruptura ou a continuidade da tradição lírica portuguesa e a originalidade do poeta. / Considering the significant recurrence of the symbol of the night and its derivations - darkness, shadows, insomnia, sleep and dreams - in Fernando Pessoa\'s poetic compositions, this research aims to investigate the author\'s symbolic conception in order to apprehend the various ways of interpreting such symbol, as well as to formulate a general hypothesis of its meaning in the collection of poems by the author entitled \"Cancioneiro\". Following the same line of analysis, there will also be a discussion of the poet\'s dialogues with the Symbolist movement, to which he was viscerally connected, with the purpose of confirming Pessoa\'s intertextuality with Symbolism, particularly regarding the use of the symbolic element - without, however, losing sight of issues such as the poet\'s originality and the rupture with, and continuity of, the Portuguese lyrical tradition.