Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-16T16:34:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jean de Jesus Fernandes.pdf: 598485 bytes, checksum: 3940f5cb6a0ac96f4025905671b7595b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T16:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jean de Jesus Fernandes.pdf: 598485 bytes, checksum: 3940f5cb6a0ac96f4025905671b7595b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este estudo investiga a evolução da especialização no comércio internacional do Brasil juntamente com a Alemanha, Áustria, China, Croácia, Estados Unidos, Finlândia, França, Irlanda, Israel, Itália, Japão, Polônia, República Tcheca e Suíça entre os anos 2000 e 2012. Por meio da aplicação do modelo de sofisticação das exportações e do comércio intraindústria, foi possível mensurar os resultados da expansão mundial da sofisticação em nível setorial e também pela pauta exportadora desses países. Os resultados indicam que a composição da sofisticação das exportações mundiais, em nível setorial, tem relativa tendência de aumento nos setores ligados aos produtos primários e pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D). Por sua vez, os resultados da sofisticação na pauta exportadora dos países analisados apontam relativa tendência para o aumento dos setores ligados aos produtos primários, com fator de produção intensivo em trabalho e economias de escala. No entanto, o crescimento da sofisticação das exportações nesses setores pode ser decorrente do aumento nos preços internacionais das commodities, da expansão do comércio intraindústria ou dos próprios processos das especializações do mercado. / This study investigate the evolution of specialization in Brazil’s international trade along with Germany, Austria, China, Croatia, United States, Finland, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Czech Republic and Switzerland between years 2000 and 2012. By the application of a sophistication model of the exports and the intra-industry trade, it was possible to measure the results of global expansion of sophistication in a sector level and also for the exporting agenda of these countries. The results indicate that the composition of the sophistication of global exports in sector level has a relative increase tendency in sectors related to primary products and research and development (R&D). In turn, the results of sophistication in the exporting agenda of the analyzed countries indicates a relative tendency of the sectors related to primary products, with intensive production factor in labor and economies of scale. However, the growth of sophistication of exports in these sectors may be due to the increase in international commodity prices, the expansion of intra-industry trade or own processes of market specialization.

The main aim of this dissertation is to provide evidence on the development of bilateral trade relations related to manufacturing industry between Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia and the old Member States of the EU (EU 15/EU 25) through focus on the intra-industry trade phenomenon during the period delimited by years 1995, 1999, 2004 and 2007. Based on data from Eurostat Easy Comext database classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (Rev.3), Grubel-Lloyd indices are computed at the level of 3-digit and 1-digit manufacturing industries (SITC 5, 6, 7, 8) and thereafter aggregate to the level of manufacturing sector as a whole (SITC 5 - 8). Consequently, Greenaway, Hine and Milner methodology is used for disentangling intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical components (the latter being further separated into low quality vertical intra-industry trade and high quality vertical intra-industry trade) on the basis of unit value indices. The results show that the share of intra-industry trade in total trade between the countries in focus is increasing during the complete period in all countries and all sectors with SITC 6, 7 and 8 clearly inclining to intra-industry specialization. Altogether, the predominant specialization in high quality vertical IIT is presented, implying so far only slowly advancing convergence steps of the new Member States towards the path of the initial Members of the EU.

The study aims to detect the influence of the initial cross-listing of Taiwanese enterprises on the variety of the stock price of the listing company and its rival firms. However, the limitations from the Taiwanese authorities on the local company¡¦s direct listing in the oversea market are not a few. Accordingly, I employ GDR instead of direct international listing to delve the phenomenon of information content and intra-industry transfer derived from a company¡¦s initial GDR offering. Recent studies focusing on the same issue rarely inspect the situation of Taiwanese industries. Thus, the research intends to excavate the effect and the aftermath of a Taiwanese firm¡¦s initial GDR offering on its local market price as well as on the one of its rival company that concurrently does not have GDR offering. To delineate the complication of the issue, the study develop three trajectories mainly based on various approaches, including reference review, event study method, and multi-regression analysis. The first aspect attends to the research result of event study method and multi-regression analysis that exposes the stock price of the GDR offering company has abnormally positive rise accompanying with the announcement of its GDR offerings, particularly in the period before the announcement. That reflects the investors regard the GDR offering as a positive news for a company while the situation turns out to be the opposite for the rival firms. The research also finds that industry differences might dominate the consequence of the GDR offering. Hence, the exemplary simples are divided into the ¡§hi-tech¡¨ industry group and the ¡§non hi-tech¡¨ industry group. Based on the reference review of Melvin and Valero-Tonone¡]2005¡^ and the outcome of the multi-regression analysis, the influence of GDR offering on both industry group will be carefully scrutinized. In addition, the study places another attention on the discussion of intra-industry transferring and the contagion effect of the GDR offering on the offering company and its rival firm. Although Taiwanese enterprises offer GDR mainly in four main trade locations from London, Luxembourg, New York, and NASDAQ, the study exposes that the trade location has less influence on a company¡¦s and its rival firm¡¦s SCAR variation. That implies that Taiwanese investors might recognize the fact of a company¡¦s GDR offering in the oversea market, whereas, they seldom be aware of the trivial differentiation of the disparate trade location. In conclusion, the GDR offering of Taiwanese enterprises indeed encompasses information content that might motivate the alteration of the stock price in Taiwan stock market. Besides, the action of GDR offering supplies intra-industry information transferring effect. Even though the strategy of offering GDR of a Taiwanese company does not rely on consulting the action of its rival firms, in reality and according to the application of game theory, the implementing efficiency of a company¡¦s strategies might probably be impinged by its opponents¡¦ behavior. In other words, while a company offers GDR, its rival firms should propose expedients to reduce the damage that might be caused by the issue information.

Magistro darbo tikslas yra apžvelgus prekybos pramonės šakos produkcija teoriją, išanalizuoti Kinijos prekybos poveikį Lietuvos tekstilės pramonei. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiama prekybos pramonės šakos viduje teorija, jos atsiradimo priežastys, palyginimas su prekyba tarp skirtingų pramonės šakų. Aprašomas prekybos pramonės šakos viduje skaičiavimas. Analizuojama pastarosios prekybos nauda. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojamas staigus Kinijos ekonominis atsigavimas, vertinama Kinijos prekyba su pasauliu. Apžvelgiamas Kinijos prekybos poveikis Europos Sąjungos tekstilės ir aprangos sektoriui po pasaulinio kvotų panaikinimo 2005 metais. Pateikiami tekstilės importo iš Kinijos, kaip problemos, galimi sprendimo būdai. Trečiojoje magistro darbo dalyje pirmiausiai pateikiama Lietuvos-Kinijos prekyba (jos mastai, struktūra). Toliau analizuojamas Kinijos prekybos tekstile poveikis Lietuvos tekstilės pramonei. Atliekami prekybos pramonės šakos viduje skaičiavimai. Vertinamas tekstilės importo iš Kinijos poveikis Lietuvos bendrai šio sektoriaus gamybai bei užimtumui. Galiausiai darbe pateikiami apibendrinti atlikto tyrimo „Kiniškos tekstilės vertinimas Lietuvoje“ rezultatai. / The goal of the Master's thesis is to review the theory of intra-industry trade and analyse the influence of Chinese trade on Lithuanian textile industry. The first part of the work presents the theory of intra-industry trade, causes for its appearance, comparison with trade between industries. Calculation of intra-industry trade is described. The benefit of the latter is analysed. The second part of the paper includes an analysis of the sudden economical recovery of China, Chinese trade with the world is estimated. Next, an overview of the influence of Chinese trade on the European Union textile and clothing industry after the lifting of global quotas in 2005 is presented. Possible solutions to problem of textile import from China are provided. The third part of the Master's thesis primarily delivers information on Lithuanian-Chinese trade (its scope, structure). The influence of Chinese textile trade is further analysed. Calculations of intra-industry trade are carried out. Influence of textiles import from China to production and employment within this field in Lithuania is assessed. Finally, the paper presents summarized results of a research „Evaluation of Chinese textile in Lithuania“.

<p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1989</p> / digitalisering@umu

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T20:24:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscillabelleoliveirapinto.pdf: 1398069 bytes, checksum: a26dbfa8bcbdf30a5d13755290af49b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T15:41:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscillabelleoliveirapinto.pdf: 1398069 bytes, checksum: a26dbfa8bcbdf30a5d13755290af49b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T15:41:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscillabelleoliveirapinto.pdf: 1398069 bytes, checksum: a26dbfa8bcbdf30a5d13755290af49b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Considerando a possível relação entre o comércio intraindústria e o deslocamento de trabalhadores, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a Hipótese de Ajuste Suavizado (HAS) para a economia brasileira no período 1997 a 2008. Teoricamente, espera-se uma relação inversa entre o comércio intraindustrial marginal (Brülhart, 1994) e deslocamento do fator trabalho no fluxo de comércio externo. Na análise da HAS para o cenário brasileiro utilizou-se a abordagem econométrica de dados em painel dinâmico para o período de 1997 a 2008. Para tanto, foi necessária a compatibilização de três bancos de dados – CNAE 1.0, CNAE 2.0 e Nomenclatura Comum do Mercosul (NCM). Os resultados empíricos encontrados para o Brasil não confirmam a HAS, ou seja, a expansão de comércio intraindústria marginal não mostra significância estatística para afetar os custos de ajustes das indústrias de manufatura. / Considering the possible relationship between intra-industry trade and the displacement of workers, the aim of this paper is to analyze the “Smooth Adjustment Hypothesis” (HAS) for the Brazilian’s economy during 1997 a 2008. Theoretically, we expect an inverse relationship between the marginal intra-industry trade (Brülhart, 1994) and displacement of labor in the flow of foreign trade. In the analysis of SAH to the Brazilian scenario approach was used econometric dynamic panel data for the period 1997 to 2008. Therefore, it was necessary to reconcile three databases – CNAE 1.0, CNAE 2.0 and Mercosul Common Nomenclature (NCM). Empirical results were not found in Brazil according to HAS, ie, can not asset that intra-industry marginal causes the opposite effect the displacement of workers.

The paper provides an explanation of the mechanisms underlying trade roots of the contagion effects emanating from the recent turmoils. It is argued that under demand uncertainty risk averse behavior of firms provides a basis for international trade. The paper shows by means of a simple two-country model that risk averse firms operating in perfectly competitive markets with uncertainty of demand tend to diversify markets what gives a basis for international trade in identical commodities even between identical countries. It is shown that such trade may be welfare improving despite efficiency losses due to cross-hauling and transportation costs. The analysis reveals that change of the expectations concerning market conditions caused by the turmoil in the neighbor country (i.e., shift in the perception of market conditions) may lead to macroeconomic destabilization (increase in price level and unemployment, worsening of terms of trade, and deterioration of trade balance). / Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience

本文從產業組織的觀點出發，強調廠商間之策略性互動、貿易政策及成本結構對產業內貿易、開放程度及貿易不均衡比例的影響。研究方法上，主要以Brander & Krugman(1983)、Dei(1990)與翁永和(1994)的模型，作為實證之理論基礎，並以1991年台灣與世界各國製造業的產業內貿易、開放程度及貿易不均衡比例為本文的研究對象。 　　實證結果顯示：(1)產業內貿易（G-L指數）：關稅障礙提高，明顯地使產業內貿易下降。而產業集中度及研發比例對產業內貿易都有顯著的正向關係。其他變數則多不顯著。(2)開放程度（進出口總值佔國內總需求的比例）：關稅障礙提高，對開放程度有顯著正向關係。廠商家數、產品異質性及資本密集度別對開放程度有顯著的負向關係。其他變數則多不顯著。(3)貿易不均衡（淨出口值佔國內總需求的比例）：對順差的產業而言，只有關稅障礙和廠商家數對其順差比例具解釋能力，表示關稅上升或廠商數減少會增加產業之順差比例。對逆差的產業而言，相對市場大小、關稅障礙及廠商家數對逆差比率具解釋能力，表示當外國相對本國市場擴大、關稅調降及廠商家數減少，會加深其貿易赤字。而對整體製造業來說，則相對外國市場擴大、成本競爭力下降及關稅障礙上升，會減少產業內貿易盈餘比例、增加貿易赤字比例。

本文主要是在探討台灣與東協五國之間電機產品的產業內貿易情形。在第二章之中，首先採用World Trade Atlas資料庫及Asian Development Bank的資料，觀察東協五國（印尼、馬來西亞、菲律賓、新加坡和泰國）1999至2003年五年間整體經貿的變化情形；接著再針對台灣與東協五國之間的經貿結構情況作進一步說明。 在實證方面，使用World Trade Atlas資料庫中的資料，其中產品分類標準以國際商品統一分類制度(The Harmonized Commodity Description Coding System, HS)作為貿易商品分類的基礎。並選擇HS六分位的分類資料來做實證研究，觀察台灣與東協五國1999年至2003年五年間產業內貿易、水平產業內貿易與垂直產業內貿易程度及其變動過程，並從國家特性因子與產業特性因子兩個方面，針對產業內貿易、垂直與水平產業內貿易分別建立實證模型與研究假設。以Grubel and Lloyd (1975)所提出的GL指數為應變數，利用一般最小平方法(OLS)估計實證模型之參數，以探討產業內貿易、水平產業內貿易與垂直產業內貿易的決定因素。 由於本文分別由國家別及產業別兩種不同的切入點分析台灣與東協五國電機產品的產業內貿易、水平產業內貿易與垂直產業內貿易情況，得到國家別與產業別兩大類實證結果。就迴歸結果來看，本文所放入的決定因素所得的符號，並不完全和之前學者的假設相符，推論可能是由於電機產品本身特性或是未考慮的因素所導致。 最後則由本文的研究結果，提出建議與未來研究方向。

This thesis consists of four independent essays that deal with several measurement aspects within the field of international trade. The measurement problems addressed are related to measuring the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports or measuring tax evasion Essay 1, The Human Capital Content of Trade and its Measurement. Evidence from Swedish Data, deals with various measurement problems related to calculations of the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports. This builds on the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek extension to the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory. Essay 2, Product Quality Adjustment and the Human Capital Content of Trade. A New Computational Framework, builds on the same theoretical background, but introduces a quality-adjustment in the calculations of the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports, which builds on the idea underlying vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT). Quality adjustment is performed, first, by assuming that a product sold at a higher price has a higher quality than the same product sold at a lower price and, second, by assuming that a highquality product implies a higher content of skilled labour than a low-quality product. Essay 3, Estimation of commodity-by-commodity input–output matrices, focuses on a new method in constructing symmetric input-output tables (SIOTs), which has been termed the Bohlin and Widell model, using data contained within supply- and use-tables (SUTs). One key contribution is that it makes it possible to estimate SIOTs in cases when the underlying SUTs are rectangular. The method also addresses the problem of negative coefficients, a long-standing issue encountered in the derivation of SIOTs. Essay 4, Tax evasion in Kenya and Tanzania: Evidence from missing imports, focuses on estimating the amount of tax evasion in trade between Kenya and Tanzania. The study is empirically focused, and the measurement errors in reported trade flows between both countries are correlated with tax rates, to determine whether the measurement error increases with the tax rate.