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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Concordância entre o débito cardíaco estimado através das técnicas de termodiluição transpulmonar e de análise de contorno de pulso e a técnica de termodiluição de artéria pulmonar em cães anestesiados com isoflurano

Garofalo, Natache Arouca January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Francisco José Teixeira-Neto / Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: Mensurações do débito cardíaco (DC) pela técnica termodiluição transpulmonar (DCTP) e pela análise de contorno de pulso com calibração pela técnica transpulmonar (DCACP) são alternativas menos invasivas em comparação ao DC fornecido pela técnica de termodiluição de artéria pulmonar (DCP). Entretanto, instabilidades hemodinâmicas podem alterar o desempenho destes métodos. A Fase I do estudo objetivou avaliar se a utilização de 10 mL de indicador térmico (solução fisiológica a ≤ 5oC) para o DCTP (artéria femoral) promoveria melhor concordância e habilidade em detectar alterações no DCP em comparação a 5 mL de indicador. Na Fase II, objetivou-se verificar se alterações na resistência vascular sistêmica (RVS) influenciariam a concordância e a habilidade em detectar tendências entre o DCACP e o DCP. Métodos: Em 8 cães adultos (20,8–31,5 kg), mensurações simultâneas em triplicata do DCTP e DCP foram obtidas utilizando 5 e 10 mL de indicador térmico durante anestesia com isoflurano associado ou não com a infusão contínua intravenosa de remifentanil (0,3 e 0,6 μg/kg/min) ou de dobutamina (2,5 e 5,0 μg/kg/min) (Fase I). Durante a Fase II, o DCACP e o DCP foram mensurados simultaneamente (triplicata) antes e durante alterações na RVS induzidas pela infusão contínua de fenilefrina (1,0 μg/kg/min) ou de nitroprussiato (1,0 μg/kg/min). A acurácia e a precisão da concordância entre métodos foram estudadas pela análise de Bland-Altman para medidas múltiplas (Fase I) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background and objectives: Cardiac output (CO) measurements by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTDCO) and by pulse contour analysis calibrated with transpulmonary thermodilution (PCACO) are less invasive alternatives to pulmonary artery thermodilution (PATDCO). However, hemodynamic instability could affect the performance of these methods. The objective of Phase I of the study was to determine if the use of 10 mL of thermal indicator (physiological saline at ≤ 5oC) for TPTDCO (measured in the femoral artery) would improve the agreement and trending ability with PATDCO in comparison to 5 mL of indicator. During Phase II, the aim was to verify if changes in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) would alter the agreement and trending ability between PCACO and PATDCO. Methods: In eight adult dogs (20.8–31.5 kg), simultaneous TPTDCO and PATDCO measurements (averaged from 3 repetitions) using 5 and 10 mL of thermal indicator were obtained during isoflurane anesthesia combined or not with intravenous remifentanil (0.3 e 0.6 μg/kg/min) or dobutamine (2.5 e 5.0 μg/kg/min) (Phase-1). During Phase-2, triplicate PCACO and PATDCO measurements were recorded before and during phenylephrine (1.0 μg/kg/min) or nitroprusside (1.0 μg/kg/min) induced changes in SVR. The accuracy and precision of agreement was evaluated by the Bland-Altman method for multiple measurements (Phase I) and for single measurements per subject (Phase 2). The ability of the test methods (PCACO and TPTDCO) to detect changes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
62

O uso da elastografia por ultrassom para identificar displasias corticais focais em pacientes com epilepsia durante o procedimento cirúrgico / The use of ultrasound elastography to identify focal cortical dysplasia in pacients with epilepsy during the surgical procedure

Arthur Bertoldi Pereira 07 August 2015 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar um caso específico de epilepsia refratária causada por uma má formação no tecido cerebral, denominada displasia cortical focal (DCF). Por ser uma má formação no cérebro, suas consequências aparecem desde a infância, em que ela, a DCF, é a principal causadora das epilepsias de caso refratário. O mapeamento da região com DCF geralmente é feito por meio de imagens de ressonância magnética em conjunto com outras técnicas, como, por exemplo, o PET (positron emission tomography), o EEG (eletroencefalograma) intracraniano, entre outras. Contudo, por serem técnicas muito caras, de difícil realização ou muito invasivas, e por sabermos que as regiões displásicas possuem uma rigidez diferente da do restante do cérebro, foi proposto nesta dissertação o estudo desses casos utilizando uma técnica barata, simples, não invasiva e sensível à rigidez tecidual, a elastografia por ultrassom, na qual, para causar a deformação do tecido cerebral, foram usadas próprias artérias internas do cérebro. Para tal estudo, criamos um algoritmo de processamento de dados com uma interface gráfica GUI (graphical user interface) capaz de mudar os parâmetros de processamento e ver seus resultados em tempo real. Em seguida, esse algoritmo foi estudado em um ambiente controlado em material mimetizador de tecido biológico (phantom), no qual construímos um bloco de 10 x 10 x 12cm3, preenchido com material que mimetiza as propriedades mecânicas e acústicas do tecido mole e inserimos nele uma bexiga canudo preenchida com um uido simulador de sangue e uma inclusão mais rígida do que a base do material, posicionada acima do canudo. Foi utilizado, também, um acionador mecânico pulsátil para simular a pulsação mecânica equivalente à pulsação sanguínea da artéria cerebral. Foram feitas imagens elastográcas e de velocidade utilizando somente a deformação causada pelo deslocamento da bexiga, no interior do phantom, e, através de uma transformada de Fourier, foi calculado o período de pulsação da bexiga. Vimos que as imagens elastográcas e de velocidade foram capazes de localizar a inclusão, e o processamento temporal pode nos mostrar com precisão a frequência de pulsação da bexiga canudo. Finalizada essa etapa laboratorial, zemos o mesmo procedimento, porém in vivo, para dois casos: um com DCF tipo III-B, no qual não enxergávamos nada no modo B; e outro com tipo II-B, no qual foi observado uma diferença de impedância mecânica pelo modo B. As imagens foram coletadas durante o procedimento cirúrgico pelo próprio cirurgião usando um transdutor microconvexo acoplado a uma plataforma de ultrassom, modelo Sonix RP, e processadas num segundo momento. Vimos, no primeiro caso, pelas imagens elastográcas, as regiões mais rígidas, supostamente displásicas, que não estavam aparecendo no modo B e, no segundo caso, uma região maior do que a apresentada no modo B. Nossos resultados das medidas de frequência da pulsação arterial, para ambas as situações, 61; 5BPM e 91BPM, caram bastante próximos do valor medido com o eletrocardiograma durante a coleta do sinal, 65BPM e 94BPM, respectivamente. Por meio dos resultados da análise histológica, pudemos conrmar que o que estávamos enxergando com nosso programa era realmente uma região displásica. Dessa forma, concluímos que nosso algoritmo funcionou bem para esses casos clínicos. / The mainly goal of this work was to study a specic case of refractory epilepsy generated by a malformation in the brain tissue, called focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Due the fact it is a brain malformation its eects show up since the childhood where it is the principal epilepsy generator. The mapping of this region is usually made by magnetic resonance images with another technique, such as, for instance, the PET (position emition tomography), the EEG (electrocardiogram), and others. However, for the fact that these techniques are expensive, dicult to perform or invasive, and knowing that the dysplastic regions are stier than the regular brain tissue, it was proposed in this dissertation the use of ultrasound elastography as a cheaper, simpler and noninvasive image modality capable to detect dierences in the tissue stiness of the FCD region. To generate the strain in the brain tissue it was used the pulsation of the local arteries. To achieve our goal, we created a data processing algorithm in MATLAB with a graphic user interface (GUI) capable to change the processing parameters to see its results in real time. This algorithm was tested in phantom using a block of tissue mimicking material (10 x 10 x 12 cm3). A balloon of latex led with a blood mimicking uid was immersed in the middle of the phantom and a cylindrical inclusion of 1 cm of diameter was immersed above the balloon. The bulb of the balloon was keep outside of the phantom to be mechanically pressured by a dedicated magnetic actuator, simulating the mechanical pulsation of the brain arteries. The velocity and elastography images were studied using just the strain caused by the displacement of the wall of the balloon tube inside the phantom. The period of pulsation was precisely calculated from these images. After that, we did the same procedure in two in vivo cases: one with FCD type III-B; and the other with FCD type II-B. All our intraoperative images were acquired for the surgeons using a micro convex transducer linked to an Ultrasound platform (Sonix RP) and, then, processed o-line. In the B mode scanning we didnât see any formation inside the brain for the rst case, and for the second, we did. In the elastographic images we saw a clearly stiffer region in the rst case that was invisible in the B mode; and for the second case, we saw a bigger stiffer region than we saw in the B mode imaging too. And for both results, the arteria pulsation frequency, 61.5 BPM and 91 BPM, were veryclose to the measured value collected in the electrocardiogram during the surgery, 65 BPM and 94 BPM, respectively. Analyzing the histological results we could conrm that what we were showing in our elastographic images were FCD, indeed. Thereby we concluded that our algorithm had worked in these clinical data.
63

Posicionamento cirúrgico: evidências para o cuidado de enfermagem / Surgical positioning: evidence for nursing care.

Camila Mendonça de Moraes Lopes 29 June 2009 (has links)
O enfermeiro perioperatório é responsável pelo planejamento e implementação de intervenções de enfermagem que minimizam ou possibilitam a prevenção de complicações aos pacientes decorrentes do procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico. O posicionamento cirúrgico tem como principal finalidade promover o acesso ao local a ser operado e deve ser realizado de forma correta para garantir a segurança e o conforto do paciente e prevenir complicações pós-operatórias. A Prática Baseada em Evidências é uma abordagem que integra as evidências disponíveis, a competência clínica do profissional e as preferências do paciente para a tomada de decisão sobre o cuidado a saúde, sendo selecionada como referencial teórico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar e avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os cuidados de enfermagem relacionados ao posicionamento cirúrgico do paciente adulto no período intra-operatório. O método de pesquisa adotado foi a revisão integrativa da literatura. Para a seleção dos artigos utilizamos as bases de dados PUBMED, CINAHL e LILACS. A amostra constitui-se de 20 artigos. Em relação ao nível de evidência, dos 20 estudos analisados apenas um apresentou nível de evidência forte (nível II), um estudo é considerado com nível de evidência moderada (nível III) e oito com evidências fracas (nível VI e VII). Atrelado a essa situação os outros 10 estudos (revisão narrativa de literatura) não têm classificação de acordo com o sistema hierárquico adotado. Na síntese das evidências disponíveis dos estudos incluídos na revisão, constatamos que estes enfocaram três tópicos principais, a saber: os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações; as complicações decorrentes do posicionamento cirúrgico e os cuidados de enfermagem relacionados ao posicionamento cirúrgico do paciente. A presente revisão integrativa fornece ao leitor informações detalhadas sobre os tópicos mencionados, além de disponibilizar a tradução de um modelo de protocolo direcionado ao posicionamento, movimentação, elevação e transporte do paciente no ambiente perioperatório, o qual foi elaborado pela Association of periOperative Registered Nurses. Esperamos que os resultados evidenciados neste estudo contribuam para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada ao paciente cirúrgico, pois a sua condução teve como propósitos facilitar o acesso às evidências disponíveis sobre os cuidados de enfermagem no posicionamento cirúrgico, esclarecer dúvidas relacionadas a esta prática e incentivar o desenvolvimento de protocolos de cuidados voltados ao posicionamento a serem disponibilizados para todos os profissionais envolvidos no atendimento do paciente no período perioperatório. / The perioperative nurse is responsible for planning and implementation of nursing interventions to minimize or prevent possible complications to patients from arising during anesthetic and surgical procedures. The main purpose of surgical positioning is to promote access to the surgical site and must be done correctly to ensure safety and comfort of the patient and prevent postoperative complications. Evidence-based practice is an approach that integrates the available evidence, the clinical expertise and the patient\'s preferences for decision making on health care, this was selected as a theoretical reference. The aim of this study is to find and evaluate the available evidence related to nursing care of adult patients during surgical positioning. The research method adopted was the integrative review of literature. PUBMED, CINAHL and LILACS databases were used for the selection of the articles. The sample consisted of 20 articles. On the level of evidence, of the 20 studies analyzed, only one showed a strong level of evidence (level II), one study is considered to have a moderate level of evidence (level III) and eight with weak evidence (level VI and VII). Coupled to this situation, the other 10 studies (narrative review of the literature) are not classified under the hierarchical system adopted. In the synthesis of the available evidence on the studies included in this review, we focused on three main topics: the risk factors for developing complications, complications of surgical positioning and nursing care related to surgical positioning of the patient. This integrative review provides the reader detailed information on the topics listed, and provides a translation of a protocol of procedures in positioning, handling, lifting and transporting the patient in the perioperative environment, which was prepared by the Association of PeriOperative Registered Nurses. We hope that the results contribute to improving the quality of care provided to surgical patients, because first of all the purpose was to facilitate access to the available evidence about nursing care in surgical positioning, answer questions related to this practice and encourage the development of protocols of care to be available to all perioperative personnel.
64

Intraoperative visualization of plasmon resonant liposomes using augmented microscopy

Watson, Jeffrey R., Garland, Summer, Romanowski, Marek 08 February 2017 (has links)
Plasmon resonance associated with nanoparticles of gold can enable photothermal ablation of tissues or controlled drug release with exquisite temporal and spatial control. These technologies may support many applications of precision medicine. However, clinical implementations of these technologies will require new methods of intraoperative imaging and guidance. Near-infrared laser surgery is a prime example that relies on improved image guidance. Here we set forth applications of augmented microscopy in guiding surgical procedures employing plasmon resonant gold-coated liposomes. Absorption of near-infrared laser light is the first step in activation of various diagnostic and therapeutic functions of these novel functional nanoparticles. Therefore, we demonstrate examples of near-infrared visualization of the laser beam and gold-coated liposomes. The augmented microscope proves to be a promisingimage guidance platform for a range of image-guided medical procedures.
65

Intraoperative Guidance for Pediatric Brain Surgery based on Optical Techniques

Song, Yinchen 30 June 2015 (has links)
For most of the patients with brain tumors and/or epilepsy, surgical resection of brain lesions, when applicable, remains one of the optimal treatment options. The success of the surgery hinges on accurate demarcation of neoplastic and epileptogenic brain tissue. The primary goal of this PhD dissertation is to demonstrate the feasibility of using various optical techniques in conjunction with sophisticated signal processing algorithms to differentiate brain tumor and epileptogenic cortex from normal brain tissue intraoperatively. In this dissertation, a new tissue differentiation algorithm was developed to detect brain tumors in vivo using a probe-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system. The system as well as the algorithm were validated experimentally on 20 pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor surgery at Nicklaus Children’s Hospital. Based on the three indicative parameters, which reflect hemodynamic and structural characteristics, the new algorithm was able to differentiate brain tumors from the normal brain with a very high accuracy. The main drawbacks of the probe-based system were its high susceptibility to artifacts induced by hand motion and its interference to the surgical procedure. Therefore, a new optical measurement scheme and its companion spectral interpretation algorithm were devised. The new measurement scheme was evaluated both theoretically with Monte Carlo simulation and experimentally using optical phantoms, which confirms the system is capable of consistently acquiring total diffuse reflectance spectra and accurately converting them to the ratio of reduced scattering coefficient to absorption coefficient (µs’(λ)/µa(λ)). The spectral interpretation algorithm for µs’(λ)/µa(λ) was also validated based on Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the new measurement scheme and the spectral interpretation algorithm together are capable of detecting significant hemodynamic and scattering variations from the Wistar rats’ somatosensory cortex under forepaw stimulation. Finally, the feasibility of using dynamic intrinsic optical imaging to distinguish epileptogenic and normal cortex was validated in an in vivo study involving 11 pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy. Novel data analysis methods were devised and applied to the data from the study; identification of the epileptogenic cortex was achieved with a high accuracy.
66

Impact of Intraoperative 3-Tesla MRI on Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Adenoma Resection and a Proposed New Scoring System for Predicting the Utility of Intraoperative MRI / 経鼻内視鏡下垂体腫瘍摘出術における術中3テスラMRIの効果と、術中MRIの有用性を予測する新規スコアリングシステムの提唱

Tanji, Masahiro 24 May 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13419号 / 論医博第2227号 / 新制||医||1052(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科脳統御医科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 高橋 淳, 教授 中本 裕士, 教授 大森 孝一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
67

Effects of a stable concentration of propofol upon interictal high-frequency oscillations in drug-resistant epilepsy / 薬剤抵抗性てんかんにおける発作間欠期高周波律動に対する定常濃度プロポフォールの影響

Inada, Taku 26 July 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23420号 / 医博第4765号 / 新制||医||1053(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 林 康紀, 教授 福田 和彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
68

Intraoperative 3D imaging in intraarticular tibial plateau fractures - Does it help to improve the patients' outcomes?: -

Souleiman, Firas 06 December 2021 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine retrospektive Fall- Kontroll- Studie präsentiert, welche erstmalig das kurz- bis mittelfristige Outcome komplexer gelenkbeteiligender Tibiakopffrakturen unter Hilfestellung eines additiven intraoperativen 3D Scans im Vergleich zur konventionellen Operation mit einem zweidimensionalen Bildverstärker (Fluoroskopie) untersucht. Hintergrund dieser Arbeit ist, dass komplexe Tibiakopffrakturen eine schwerwiegende Knieverletzung darstellen, welche oft in posttraumatischer Gonarthrose münden. Mit den konventionellen OP- Methoden zeigen sich in der Literatur postoperative Arthroseraten von bis zu 44% und Revisionsraten zwischen 25,3 bis 45,0%. Weiterentwickelte intraoperative bildgebende Verfahren könnten hier möglicherweise zu einem verbesserten klinischen Ergebnis führen. Am Beispiel des intraoperativen 3D- Scans (Ziehm Vision RFD 3D, Fa. Ziehm, Nürnberg, Germany) wurde dies bei Patienten mit einer B3, C1, C2 oder C3- proximalen Tibiafraktur entsprechend der AO- Klassifikation untersucht. Im Zeitraum von Dezember 2015 bis Dezember 2018 wurden am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, in der Abteilung Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Plastische Chirurgie (überregionales Level 1 Traumazentrum), 22 Patienten mit einer entsprechenden Fraktur unter Einsatz eines intraoperativen 3D- Scans operativ versorgt (3D Gruppe). Die Patienten wurden mit einem postoperativ minimalen zeitlichen Abstand von 12 Monaten radiologisch und mit den Lysholm- und KOOS- Scores nachuntersucht. Entsprechend der Einschlusskriterien konnten 18 Patienten vollständig nachuntersucht werden. Das mittlere Alter der Patienten lag zum Traumazeitpunkt bei 51,0 ± 16,4 Jahren (23–85 Jahre). Entsprechend der AO/OTA- Klassifikation zeigten sich 9x B3, 2x C1, 1x C2 und 6x C3- Frakturen. Der mittlere ASA- Score lag bei 1,44± 0,51. Die mittlere Operationszeit wurde mit 128± 46 min erfasst. Der mittlere Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt lag bei 20,9± 10,7 Monaten mit den detaillierten Outcome-Scores siehe Tabelle 3 des Manuskripts. In einem definierten Matching- Prozess konnten nachuntersuchte Patienten aus einem historischen Patientenkollektiv, welche in den Jahren 2005 bis 2014 operiert wurden, im Verhältnis 1:1 verglichen werden (2D Gruppe). In diesem Zeitraum stand der intraoperative 3D- Scan am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig noch nicht zur Verfügung. Die Patienten der 2D- Gruppe wurden im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Studie zu Tibiakopffrakturen nachuntersucht, sodass die Outcomedaten zur Verfügung standen und in diese Studie aufgearbeitet einflossen. Aufgrund des Matching- Prozesses sind die Patienten beider Gruppen vergleichbar hinsichtlich Alter, Geschlecht, Frakturmorphologie und dem allgemeinem Gesundheitszustand (ASA- Score). Lediglich der Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt beider Gruppen variiert signifikant zwischen beiden Gruppen (p< 0,001). Jedoch konnten Studien zeigen, dass Patienten nach operativ versorgten Tibiakopffrakturen im mittelfristigen Nachbeobachtungszeitraum hinsichtlich ihres Outcomes stabil bleiben. Aus diesem Grund ist ein Vergleich der Outcomeparameter beider Gruppen zulässig. Die präsentierte Studie zeigt, dass aufgrund des Einsatzes des intraoperativen 3D- Scans eine intraoperative Revision in beachtlicher Zahl (33,3%) durchgeführt wurde, obwohl die Materiallage und Gelenkstufe zuvor fluoroskopisch akzeptiert wurde. Diese intraoperative Revisionsrate deckt sich mit bestehender Literatur (Mittel 17.2± 6.1%; Intervall 11.7- 26.5%). Durch die intraoperative Revision konnten die klinischen Outcome- Ergebnisse möglicherweise verbessert werden. Sowohl der Lysholm-, als auch der KOOS- Score zeigen für die 3D- Gruppe bessere Ergebnisse. Der KOOS Sport/Rec ist dabei trotz einer geringen Stichprobengröße signifikant besser (p= 0.014) und der KOOS QDL zeigt mathematisch eine Tendenz zugunsten des Einsatzes des 3D- Scan (p= 0,059). Die postoperative Revisionsrate konnte durch den 3D-Scan- Einsatz entgegen der sekundären Hypothese nicht gesenkt werden. Je Gruppe zeigte sich eine postoperative Revisionsrate von 27,8%. Eine höhere postoperative Revisionsrate der 2D- Gruppe konnte möglicherweise nicht erkannt werden, da deutlich mehr Materialentfernungen und Arthrolysen durchgeführt wurden, als in der 3D- Gruppe (10:1). Diese Materialentfernungen sind nach 16.9± 2.6 Monaten erfolgt. Da zum Zeitpunkt der Studie einige Patienten der 3D- Gruppe diesen Zeitpunkt der Nachuntersuchung noch nicht überschritten hatten, ist ein abschließender Vergleich nicht zulässig. Entsprechende Kontroll- CT- Bildgebungen, welche die Materiallage vor Entfernung zeigten, wurden aufgrund der zusätzlichen Strahlenbelastung bei nachgewiesener Frakturkonsolidierung im Röntgen unterlassen. Die Operationsdauer der 3D Gruppe zeigte sich im Mittel um ungefähr 12 min im Vergleich zur 2D Gruppe verlängert (p=0,28). Eine erhöhte postoperative Infektionsrate ergab sich aus der verlängerten OP-Dauer nicht. Je Gruppe zeigte sich im Bereich des einliegenden Osteosynthesematerials eine postoperative Infektion. Aufgrund des retrospektiven Studiendesigns bestehen in der präsentierten Arbeit einige Limitationen. Die Informationen bezüglich operativer Revisionen, OP- Dauer, verwendeter Implantate, Bildqualität und besonderer operativer Umstände wurde aus den medizinischen Datenbanken und nicht prospektiv erfasst. Der Nachuntersuchungszeitraum ist zwischen beiden Gruppen signifikant unterschiedlich. Ein Selektionsbias zwischen 3D- und 2D- Gruppe kann trotz gleicher Implantate, Operateure und postoperativer Standards nicht sicher ausgeschlossen werden. Aus diesen Gründen wären weitere prospektive Studien wünschenswert. Zusammenfassend konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass der Einsatz eines intraoperativen 3D- Scan bei der operativen Versorgung der komplexen gelenkbeteiligenden Tibiafraktur das mittelfristige Outcome hinsichtlich des KOOS Sport/Rec verbessert (p=0,014). Ebenso konnte gezeigt werden, dass der 3D- Scan zu einer relevanten Anzahl intraoperativer Revisionen (33,3%) führte. Die Rate an postoperativen Revisionen konnte durch Anwenden des intraoperativen 3D- Scan nicht gesenkt werden.  :1. Einführung 1.1 Die proximale Tibiafraktur- Epidemiologie und Klassifikation 1.2 Operatives Vorgehen 1.3 Intraoperative Fraktur darstellende Verfahren 1.4 Nachbehandlung und Outcomemessung 1.5 Ziele der Arbeit 2. Publikationsmanuskript 3. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 4. Literaturverzeichnis 5. Anlagen 5.1 Verzeichnis der verwendeten Abkürzungen und Symbole 5.2 Abbildungsverzeichnis 5.3 Erklärung über den wissenschaftlichen Beitrag des Promovenden zur Arbeit 5.4 Erklärung über die eigenständige Anfertigung der Arbeit 5.5 Curriculum vitae 5.6 Danksagung
69

Det intraoperativa teamets upplevelser av kommunikation. : En litteraturstudie.

Buskas, Lina, Lannér, Anna January 2022 (has links)
Bakgrund: Det intraoperativa teamet är en sammansättning av flera professioner där alla bidrar med sin unika kompetens. Tidigare studier visar att patienten löper högre risk att drabbas av vårdskada om teamet brister i sin kommunikation under den intraoperativa fasen. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva det intraoperativa teamets upplevelser av kommunikation på operationssalen. Metod: Designen är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Artikelsökningarna utfördes systematiskt och 12 kvalitativa artiklar inkluderades. Därefter bearbetades artiklarna med Bettany-Saltikov &amp; McSherry's nio steg för analys av kvalitativa data. Resultat: Som resultat framkom tre teman; "vikten av en god atmosfär", "känsla av samsyn" och "att våga sätta gränser". Atmosfären på operationssalen upplevdes påverka kommunikationen i teamet. Det som i sin tur påverkade atmosfären var förtrogenhet bland teammedlemmarna, vänlighet och respekt, hierarkiska mönster och onödiga ljud. För att skapa en samsyn mellan personalen på salen, så behövdes en kommunikation som var aktiv och strukturerad. Där det inte passade med en verbal kommunikation, upplevde teamet att icke verbal kommunikation, såsom kroppsspråk, var ett verktyg för att skapa samsyn, medan personliga kommunikationsstilar kunde utgöra hinder för densamma. Att våga sätta gränser och säga ifrån upplevdes betydelsefullt för en säker vård av patienten. Konklusion: Hur väl kommunikationen fungerar mellan medlemmarna i det intraoperativa teamet har betydelse för hur effektivt teamarbetet är, samt kan påverka utfallet av patientens operation. Insikt i hur personalen på operationssalen upplever kommunikationen kan användas till att skapa en djupare förståelse. Något som kan förbättra möjligheterna till en välfungerande kommunikation i det intraoperativa teamet, både på individ samt organisationsnivå. / Bakgrund: Det intraoperativa teamet är ett multi-professionellt team, där alla olika yrken bidrar med sin unika uppsättning färdigheter. Studier visar att patienten riskerar att drabbas av skada om teamet misslyckas i sin kommunikation under den intraoperativa fasen. Objektiv: Syftet var att beskriva det intraoperativa teamets erfarenheter av kommunikation i operationssalen.  Metod: Designen var en systematisk litteraturöversikt. Artikelsökningen genomfördes systematiskt och 12 kvalitativa artiklar inkluderades. De insamlade uppgifterna analyserades med Bettany-Saltikov &amp; McSherrys nio steg för analys av kvalitativa data. Utfall: Som ett resultat framkom tre teman; "Vikten av en god stämning", "känsla av att vara på samma sida" och "att våga sätta gränser". Stämningen i operationssalen upplevdes påverka kommunikationen i teamet. Faktorer som i sin tur påverkade atmosfären var förtrogenhet bland teammedlemmarna, vänlighet och respekt, hierarkiska mönster och onödiga ljud. För att personalen skulle vara på samma sida i operationssalen behövdes en kommunikation som var aktiv och strukturerad. Där verbal kommunikation inte passade ansåg teamet att icke-verbal kommunikation, såsom kroppsspråk, var ett verktyg för att skapa konsensus, medan personliga kommunikationsstilar kunde skapa hinder för det. Att våga sätta gränser och säga ifrån kändes viktigt för en trygg vård av patienten. Slutsats: Hur väl kommunikationen fungerar mellan medlemmarna i det intraoperativa teamet är viktigt för hur effektivt lagarbetet är och kan påverka resultatet av patientens operation. Insikt i hur personalen i operationssalen upplever kommunikationen kan användas för att skapa en djupare förståelse. Något som kan förbättra möjligheterna till väl fungerande kommunikation i det intraoperativa teamet, både på individ- och organisationsnivå.
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Positionsrelaterade tryck- och nervskador inom den intraoperativa vården : En systematisk litteraturstudie

Halling, Helena, Jonasson, Olga January 2021 (has links)
No description available.

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