As afecções dos componentes umbilicais merecem destaque no período neonatal, pois são comumente encontradas nos bezerros, podendo levar a graves complicações. O diagnóstico das doenças umbilicais muitas vezes não é totalmente esclarecido pela palpação abdominal bimanual, uma vez que, em parcela dos casos, esse método semiológico não é sensível para determinar o grau de acometimento das estruturas umbilicais intra-abdominais. Assim, a ultrassonografia apresenta-se como um valioso exame complementar para o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico preciso sobre a localização e extensão das onfalopatias intra-abdominais. Diante dessas limitações e da raridade de pesquisas com estabelecimento de padrões da ultrassonografia do umbigo, a proposta desse estudo foi avaliar o processo de involução fisiológica dos componentes umbilicais de bezerros sadios, considerando o uso de antisséptico clássico, a tintura de iodo, em concentrações de 2% e 5%, usado na cura do umbigo nos primeiros dias após o nascimento. A avaliação foi realizada por meio do exame ultrassonográfico dos componentes umbilicais, em diferentes posições, caracterizando as modificações ocorridas durante o processo de involução, em relação ao aspecto das imagens, com medidas de diâmetro e espessura dos componentes vasculares e úraco, assim como às peculiaridades decorrentes dos dois tipos de desinfecção da região. Foram avaliados 23 bezerros da raça Holandesa, machos, oriundos de propriedade leiteira localizada no Estado de São Paulo, desde o nascimento até os 30 dias de vida. Os resultados obtidos, evidenciaram que a veia e as artérias umbilicais perdem as suas características de vasos, assumindo aspecto de ligamento devido à proliferação de tecido fibroso. Esse processo caracterizou-se e seguiu um padrão, no qual o tecido fibroso inicialmente estava presente na região interna da parede do vaso, seguindo, com a involução, em direção ao centro da luz vascular. Esse processo de involução é mais precoce em porções dos vasos mais distantes do umbigo externo, não havendo distinção de comportamento determinada por uso das diferentes concentrações do antisséptico. Além das imagens, foram também padronizadas as medidas do diâmetro dos componentes umbilicais e da espessura de suas paredes, ao longo do processo de involução fisiológica, durante os primeiros 30 dias de vida dos bezerros, comprovando-se a precisão do exame ultrassonográfico para essa avaliação e estabelecendo-se referências ultrassonográficas para fundamentar o diagnóstico e escolha do tratamento das onfalopatias / Diseases of the umbilical components are very important in the neonatal period. Commonly found in calves, they can lead to serious complications. Diagnosis of umbilical diseases is often not fully enlightened by bimanual abdominal palpation, since this semiotic method is not sensitive enough to determine the extent of involvement of the umbilical intra-abdominal structures in part of the cases. Thus, ultrasonography is a valuable complementary test for establishing an accurate diagnosis on the location and extent of intra-abdominal omphalitis. Because of these limitations and the scarce research on the establishment of the standards of navel ultrasound, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological involution process of umbilical components of healthy calves, considering the use of classic antiseptic, iodine tincture in concentrations 2% and 5%, used in navel treatment during the first days after birth. Evaluation was performed by ultrasonography of umbilical components in different positions and the changes were characterized during the process of involution regarding the appearance of the images, the measures of the diameter and thickness of vascular and urachus components, as well as the peculiarities from the two types of disinfecting. Twenty-three Holstein male calves, reared in dairy property located in the State of São Paulo, were evaluated from birth to 30 days old. Results obtained showed that the vein and umbilical arteries lose their blood vessels characteristics, assuming a ligament aspect due to fibrous tissue proliferation. This process was characteristic and followed a pattern, in which the fibrous tissue was initially present in the inner part of the vessel wall, following with involution, toward the center of the vessel lumen. This process of involution was earlier in the parts of the blood vessels that were farthest from the external navel, with no particular behavior distinct by the use of different antiseptic concentrations. Besides the images, the measurements of the diameter of the umbilical components and the thickness of their walls were also standardized along the physiological involution process during the first 30 days of life the calf, confirming the accuracy of ultrasonography for such assessment and establishing references to improve the diagnosis and the choice of treatment of umbilical diseases

This thesis explores connections between the Gaudin Hamiltonians in type A and the combinatorics of tableaux. The cactus group acts on standard tableaux via the Schützenberger involution. We show in this thesis that the action of the cactus group on standard tableaux can be recovered as a monodromy action of the cactus group on the simultaneous spectrum of the Gaudin Hamiltonians. More precisely, we consider the action of the Bethe algebra, which contains the Gaudin Hamiltonians, on the multiplicity space of a tensor product of irreducible glr-modules. The spectrum of this algebra forms a flat and finite family over M0,n+1(C). We use work of Mukhin, Tarasov and Varchenko, who link this spectrum to certain Schubert intersections, and work of Speyer, who extends these Schubert intersections to a flat and finite map over the entire moduli space of stable curves M0,n+1(C). We show the monodromy over the real points M0,n+1(R) can be identified with the action of the cactus group on a tensor product of irreducible glr-crystals. Furthermore we show this identification is canonical with respect to natural labelling sets on both sides.

ABSTRACT During Dutch Colonial domination, one of the most controversial themes was that why the Indonesian society had failed to generate an indigenous bourgeoisie. Since the post-colonial era, most developing countries are facing three dilemmas: the state building, the formation of social classes, the capital accumulation. For the methodology, the dissertation both takes a¡§state-center¡¨view and tries to apply an approach to explore the formation of Bureaucratic Capitalist during Suharto time with a view of historical-structure from the concept of state, class and capital. Furthermore, the studies will focus on three fields. First, why over 350 years, the mercantile policy of the colonial regime had failed to penetrate into the whole Indonesia shaping an indigenous bourgeoisie. Secondly, from 1950 to 1965, President Sukarno had taken the state-capitalism as a developmental strategy why Indonesian society still had not found indigenous bourgeoisie strong enough to take responsibility of leading capitalist revolution. Thirdly, after 1965, in the power of Suharto, the state has played a decisive role in the shaping the development of big entrepreneurs in the post-colonial Indonesia. In addition, the studies will review and provide a critical analysis of the works of Indonesia Studies in the West, and continues to dialogue with the contemporary academician in the field. Key Words: Agricultural Involution, Asian Mode of Production, Pre-capitalism, Dual Economy, Articulation Theory, State Apparatus, Capital Accumulation, Commercialization, Bureaucratic-Capitalist Class

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho busca investigar a chance de involuÃÃo financeira dentre os municÃpios cearenses, a partir dos dados contÃbeis de 150 localidades nos perÃodos de 2004, 2008 e 2012. A amostra utilizada compreende 82% do total de municÃpios no estado do Cearà e o mÃtodo utilizado segue um modelo de variÃvel dependente binÃria, com hipÃtese Probit. O modelo economÃtrico proposto considerou variÃveis de autonomia financeira, dependÃncia de transferÃncias, despesas com pessoal e encargos, gastos com educaÃÃo e gastos com saÃde. As estimativas permitem constatar que a chance à significativa de que um novo municÃpio que venha a ser criado possua arrecadaÃÃo inferior à mÃdia, sendo considerado um cenÃrio econÃmico-financeiro desfavorÃvel ao processo de emancipaÃÃo de distritos no estado do CearÃ, haja vista que os municÃpios cearenses sÃo considerados pobres e altamente dependentes de recursos de transferÃncias. / The present work search investigate the chance of financial involution among the Cearenses' municipalities, from accounting data for 150 localities in periods of 2004, 2008 and 2012. The sample comprises 82% of the total number of municipalities in the state of Cearà and the method used follows a binary dependent variable model, with Probit's hypothesis. The econometric model proposed considered variables of financial autonomy, dependence on transfers, personnel expenses and charges, education expenses and health expenses. The estimates leads us to conclude that the chance is significant in that a new municipality that will be created has fundraising less than the average, being considered a economic-financial scenario unfavorable the process of emancipation of districts in the state of CearÃ, there is a view that the Cearenses' municipalities are considered to be poor and highly dependent on features of transfers.

As afecções dos componentes umbilicais merecem destaque no período neonatal, pois são comumente encontradas nos bezerros, podendo levar a graves complicações. O diagnóstico das doenças umbilicais muitas vezes não é totalmente esclarecido pela palpação abdominal bimanual, uma vez que, em parcela dos casos, esse método semiológico não é sensível para determinar o grau de acometimento das estruturas umbilicais intra-abdominais. Assim, a ultrassonografia apresenta-se como um valioso exame complementar para o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico preciso sobre a localização e extensão das onfalopatias intra-abdominais. Diante dessas limitações e da raridade de pesquisas com estabelecimento de padrões da ultrassonografia do umbigo, a proposta desse estudo foi avaliar o processo de involução fisiológica dos componentes umbilicais de bezerros sadios, considerando o uso de antisséptico clássico, a tintura de iodo, em concentrações de 2% e 5%, usado na cura do umbigo nos primeiros dias após o nascimento. A avaliação foi realizada por meio do exame ultrassonográfico dos componentes umbilicais, em diferentes posições, caracterizando as modificações ocorridas durante o processo de involução, em relação ao aspecto das imagens, com medidas de diâmetro e espessura dos componentes vasculares e úraco, assim como às peculiaridades decorrentes dos dois tipos de desinfecção da região. Foram avaliados 23 bezerros da raça Holandesa, machos, oriundos de propriedade leiteira localizada no Estado de São Paulo, desde o nascimento até os 30 dias de vida. Os resultados obtidos, evidenciaram que a veia e as artérias umbilicais perdem as suas características de vasos, assumindo aspecto de ligamento devido à proliferação de tecido fibroso. Esse processo caracterizou-se e seguiu um padrão, no qual o tecido fibroso inicialmente estava presente na região interna da parede do vaso, seguindo, com a involução, em direção ao centro da luz vascular. Esse processo de involução é mais precoce em porções dos vasos mais distantes do umbigo externo, não havendo distinção de comportamento determinada por uso das diferentes concentrações do antisséptico. Além das imagens, foram também padronizadas as medidas do diâmetro dos componentes umbilicais e da espessura de suas paredes, ao longo do processo de involução fisiológica, durante os primeiros 30 dias de vida dos bezerros, comprovando-se a precisão do exame ultrassonográfico para essa avaliação e estabelecendo-se referências ultrassonográficas para fundamentar o diagnóstico e escolha do tratamento das onfalopatias / Diseases of the umbilical components are very important in the neonatal period. Commonly found in calves, they can lead to serious complications. Diagnosis of umbilical diseases is often not fully enlightened by bimanual abdominal palpation, since this semiotic method is not sensitive enough to determine the extent of involvement of the umbilical intra-abdominal structures in part of the cases. Thus, ultrasonography is a valuable complementary test for establishing an accurate diagnosis on the location and extent of intra-abdominal omphalitis. Because of these limitations and the scarce research on the establishment of the standards of navel ultrasound, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological involution process of umbilical components of healthy calves, considering the use of classic antiseptic, iodine tincture in concentrations 2% and 5%, used in navel treatment during the first days after birth. Evaluation was performed by ultrasonography of umbilical components in different positions and the changes were characterized during the process of involution regarding the appearance of the images, the measures of the diameter and thickness of vascular and urachus components, as well as the peculiarities from the two types of disinfecting. Twenty-three Holstein male calves, reared in dairy property located in the State of São Paulo, were evaluated from birth to 30 days old. Results obtained showed that the vein and umbilical arteries lose their blood vessels characteristics, assuming a ligament aspect due to fibrous tissue proliferation. This process was characteristic and followed a pattern, in which the fibrous tissue was initially present in the inner part of the vessel wall, following with involution, toward the center of the vessel lumen. This process of involution was earlier in the parts of the blood vessels that were farthest from the external navel, with no particular behavior distinct by the use of different antiseptic concentrations. Besides the images, the measurements of the diameter of the umbilical components and the thickness of their walls were also standardized along the physiological involution process during the first 30 days of life the calf, confirming the accuracy of ultrasonography for such assessment and establishing references to improve the diagnosis and the choice of treatment of umbilical diseases

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In this thesis I examine the religious philosophy of consciousness of Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950). He was an Indian scholar, teacher, politician, writer and mystic who studied in London and Cambridge. In India he developed his spiritual being through Yoga. He wrote more than thirty books, which formed the main source of information for this study. Sri Aurobindo developed his cosmology using normal intellectual means and through experiencing profound supra-intellectual regions intuitively. For him, Brahman's desire to experience delight was the cause of creation. This prompted Him to cause a creation cycle through the process of involution and evolution. In His state of holistic unity and non-duality beyond space and time, he commenced the involution phase. He spawned Sachchidananda, a composite of sat (being), chit (consciousness-force) and ananda (bliss). These are the cardinal constituent elements of all creation, material and spiritual. From Sachchidananda, Supermind, the first aspect of the Supreme that contained elements of duality, originated. Then followed Overmind, Intuitive Mind, Illumined Mind, and Higher Mind, with all these being domains of being and consciousness. This culminated in a state of Inconscience, a dormant state of utter nescience. Regardless, it paradoxically contains all that Brahman is. From the inconscient evolution starts. The first phase is the manifestation of Matter. This, which too has all of Brahman inherent in itself, produces Life, and then Mind. This implies different life forms, including humans. Evolution of all that is, including humans, is upwards, back towards Brahman, in an inverse order to that of involution. Humans possess or are consciousness. Sri Aurobindo mentions and explains the various ordinary states of consciousness namely nescience, inconscience, subconscience, intraconscience, circumconscience, superconscience, sleep, dream, and waking state, samadhi and cosmic consciousness. In addition, inherent in humans is the ability and the task to develop the various higher states of consciousness found in the various phases of the involution. This starts with the development of the psychic being or soul, which is spiritual in nature, and the growth of the higher domains of consciousness. This constitutes the spiritual evolution of mankind which culminates in spiritual perfection, in the return to Brahman. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

本論文擬探討中國大陸金融全球化戰略的形成，以及中國大陸金融全球化過程所產生的問題與現象。本論文擬以新制度主義論作為理論的切入點，探討中國大陸金融全球化戰略形成過程中所產生的現象。 本論文的理論發現在於下列諸項：（1）中國大陸在金融全球化的戰略形成有明顯的「路徑依賴」現象。這表現在中國歷史中的儒家文化及共產主義思想影響中國大陸政府及官僚和經理人在執行金融制度改革中的行為模式。儒家文化對中國大陸金融全球化的影響在於政府控制經濟體的交易模式及金融運作、注重經濟體內民眾的福祉及提供一個和諧發展的全球經濟新願景。共產主義對中國大陸金融全球化的影響在於經濟改革過程中政府及官僚及經理人仍以集體經濟的行為模式在金融制度改革過程中影響制度的運行。（2）中國大陸的金融全球化過程中有明顯的制度內捲化現象（institutional involution），造成金融制度在變革過程中受到原有非正式制度諸如行為模式及文化的影響，致使制度變革無法達到預期的結果，而形成一種發展遲滯的現象。

Résumé : Dans cette thèse j'ai travaillé sur deux problèmes différents dans le domaine de la Géométrie Algébrique. La première partie de cette thèse consiste dans l'étude de la stabilité des images inverses du fibré tangent de l'espace projectif sur des variétés projectives. La stabilité de ces fibrés est équivalente à celle du noyau du morphisme d'évaluation M associé à un fibré en droites L engendré par ses sections globales. On obtient un résultat optimal dans le cas des courbes projectives et ensuite on utilise ce résultat pour en déduire la stabilité dans le cas des quelques surfaces projectives, notamment K3 et abéliennes. Un second problème que nous abordons est l'étude du lieu fixe d'une involution symplectique d'une variété irréductible holomorphe symplectique de dimension 4 telle que b2 = 23. On montre qu'il y a seulement trois cas possibles pour le nombre des points fixes isolés et des surfaces K3 fixées. On conjecture que seulement un cas soit possible, celui avec 28 points fixes isolés et une surface K3 fixée, et qu'une telle involution ne fixe jamais une surface abélienne. On vérifie cette conjecture dans quelques exemples.

In this thesis I examine the religious philosophy of consciousness of Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950). He was an Indian scholar, teacher, politician, writer and mystic who studied in London and Cambridge. In India he developed his spiritual being through Yoga. He wrote more than thirty books, which formed the main source of information for this study. Sri Aurobindo developed his cosmology using normal intellectual means and through experiencing profound supra-intellectual regions intuitively. For him, Brahman's desire to experience delight was the cause of creation. This prompted Him to cause a creation cycle through the process of involution and evolution. In His state of holistic unity and non-duality beyond space and time, he commenced the involution phase. He spawned Sachchidananda, a composite of sat (being), chit (consciousness-force) and ananda (bliss). These are the cardinal constituent elements of all creation, material and spiritual. From Sachchidananda, Supermind, the first aspect of the Supreme that contained elements of duality, originated. Then followed Overmind, Intuitive Mind, Illumined Mind, and Higher Mind, with all these being domains of being and consciousness. This culminated in a state of Inconscience, a dormant state of utter nescience. Regardless, it paradoxically contains all that Brahman is. From the inconscient evolution starts. The first phase is the manifestation of Matter. This, which too has all of Brahman inherent in itself, produces Life, and then Mind. This implies different life forms, including humans. Evolution of all that is, including humans, is upwards, back towards Brahman, in an inverse order to that of involution. Humans possess or are consciousness. Sri Aurobindo mentions and explains the various ordinary states of consciousness namely nescience, inconscience, subconscience, intraconscience, circumconscience, superconscience, sleep, dream, and waking state, samadhi and cosmic consciousness. In addition, inherent in humans is the ability and the task to develop the various higher states of consciousness found in the various phases of the involution. This starts with the development of the psychic being or soul, which is spiritual in nature, and the growth of the higher domains of consciousness. This constitutes the spiritual evolution of mankind which culminates in spiritual perfection, in the return to Brahman. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)