Violence can be handled in a variety of ways across a wide variety of film genres and specific grasps of genres. The goal of this thesis is to explore the different functions of violence in films and then show how different is the acceptance of violence by Western film critics, ie journalists, in the same genre with similar motivations of the main characters, but with a slightly different approach of these characters to the use of violence. In the theoretical part I will describe the terms of review, criticism, film and at the same time the function of violence in films across genres. The practical part will then show how the concept of violence and its function may differ even within one larger genre, although the motivations of the main characters may sometimes be similar. Certain parallels as well as differences in the use and function of violence will be discussed on the example of selected scenes from two action film series Ip Man and Rambo. Subsequently, the reactions to the manifestations of violence by film critics will be analyzed and in the end it will be assessed whether the critics reacted to the processing of violence at all, how they reacted to it and what generally follows from the critics' approach to various possibilities on depicting violence. The partial goal of the thesis will...

The aim of the thesis is to examine the work experience of investigative journalists. Regarding the specificity and a demanding character of this job, the attention was aimed to perceieved risks and coping strategies of selected journalists. The theoretical part was divided into two sections. The first stemming from the theoretical background of the media studies. In the second, the themes emerging from the analysis, relating to the field of psychology, were described. The empirical part of the research is based on qualitative design, more specifically on the method The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Within the research two in-depth interviews with two investigative journalists were made. Each of the respondents is dedicated to different type of investigative journalism and focuses primarily on different geographical area. Within the characteristics of IPA I concentrated on their subjective experience while the working process. Both of the respondents were asked to talk freely about what they considered important relating to my questions. In the analytical part I tried to intepret the answers regarding possible personality sources. Based on the findings I formed a proposal of the categories of these sources which within the living experience of the respondents seemed crucial for...

This study was designed to determine whether black journalists who work at black newspapers in Texas felt the Civil Rights movement had affected their industry. Although black newspapers lost an exclusive market for talent that now must be shared with majority-owned newspapers, this report concludes that the operation of black newspapers virtually was unaffected by the Civil Rights movement. It is recommended that this research serve as a starting point for a continuing examination of black newspapers. It would be particularly beneficial if more information could be gathered from people who have worked at now-defunct black newspapers.

This study analyzes how Swedish and Turkish journalists cope with threats, hatred, and harassment, and what role journalistic ideals and organizational support play in their coping process. The study is based on qualitative interviews, analyzed utilizing aspects from the theoretical framework of systems and coping theories. The aim of the study is to delve into personal experiences in circumstances where journalists face threat, hatred, or harassment to increase our understanding of how journalists cope with them and what happens to their journalistic ideals during this process. The results show that both groups have a similar view on which journalistic ideals are important. Both groups of journalists used emotion-focused and problem-focused coping mechanisms which utilized journalistic ideals in one way or another, to feel control over the situation. In some cases, ideals were experienced as comforting, and in others, they were compromised. Lastly, organizational support was seen and experienced as a part of individual coping only for Swedish journalists, who expressed it as a primary method to cope with hostile situations, while it remained absent for Turkish journalists in this study.

The diploma thesis desribes the situation in Czech Union of Journalists during the Prague Spring era and the normalization era. Its aim is to explain to the reader how the situation changed after the intervention of Soviet army in August 1968. Prague Spring is generally perceived as a period of regime measures release and progressive ideas establishment. On the other hand, in the era after the Occupation strated theperiod of normalization and consolidation, which brought many repressive measures to light. It all took its toll in the function of Union of Journalists and the whole media sphere. The function of the Union o journalists becomes important from the political and ideological view. Attention is on the Union's structure as well. Thesis is focused on the period of 1968 to 1972 and embraces the historical events from Prague Spring to VI. Congress of the Union, in which the allegiance to Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was pladged by the journalists. It describes how the journalists were forced to conform their pursiut to the regime. Main focus is on the way of presentation of the journalists themselves, the relations in the Union and the change of the prestige and role of the journalist in the society before and after the normalization era. All of this is historically founded, so the reader...

The diploma thesis desribes the situation in Czech Union of Journalists during the Prague Spring era and the normalization era. Its aim is to explain to the reader how the situation changed after the intervention of Soviet army in August 1968. Prague Spring is generally perceived as a period of regime measures release and progressive ideas establishment. On the other hand, in the era after the Occupation strated theperiod of normalization and consolidation, which brought many repressive measures to light. It all took its toll in the function of Union of Journalists and the whole media sphere. The function of the Union o journalists becomes important from the political and ideological view. Attention is on the Union's structure as well. Thesis is focused on the period of 1968 to 1972 and embraces the historical events from Prague Spring to VI. Congress of the Union, in which the allegiance to Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was pladged by the journalists. It describes how the journalists were forced to conform their pursiut to the regime. Main focus is on the way of presentation of the journalists themselves, the relations in the Union and the change of the prestige and role of the journalist in the society before and after the normalization era. All of this is historically founded, so the reader...

Is it possible to cover an issue as a journalist to the extent that you are practically a human rights activist, and still contribute to its continuation by unconsciously upholding the values causing the issue? This study asks the question if journalists help or hinder the elimination of female genital mutilation (FGM), and puts forth the thesis that journalists as a collective in fact are affecting the development more negatively through their attitudes than positively through their actions. The study consists of a theoretical analysis connecting to patriarchy and post-colonialism, and a field study from Tanzania where journalists are interviewed. The theoretical results show a clear connection between patriarchal values and FGM, and that if a journalist upholds these values she will not be as inclined to see the victim of FGM as a subaltern, she will be more likely to generalize the groups status and characteristics and she will be caught in between traditional and modern values. If a journalist ascribes to more traditional values when it comes to the difference between the genders, her attitudes will to some extent be counterproductive to the work she does when she covers FGM with the intention to prevent it. The field study supports this by showing that awareness about gender inequality and FGM does not necessarily mean awareness of patriarchal structures and how they affect men, women and traditions. One journalist can make a significant difference, but if she is a part of a journalist collective with strong, patriarchal values her efforts might not be sufficient to help in changing the overall development of FGM.

What topics are discussed within the female genital mutilation debate? And who gets to speak out? Are there any prominent patterns able to detect? This thesis tries to elaborate these thoughts examining the journalistic coverage of FGM in Swedish newspapers during the year of 2016. A content analysis of all published newspapers during the year of interest sets the empirical basis, and is supported by interviews with journalists covering the issue. The dissertation holds a constructionist approach meaning that the perception of reality is constructed, and thereof differs. This approach also clarifies that there is no constant truth, but several. Findings within the empirical data are mainly discussed connected to feminist theory as well as the concept of agenda-setting, eventually involving discussions about human rights issue as a value for journalism. What is clear here is that women are overrepresented within the debate, and are depicted as strong individuals, are seldom victimized or depicted in stereotyped gender roles as opposed by scholars. Meanwhile, participating journalists are somewhat semi-aware about their own portrayals since they opine that they are focusing on representing female characters in their articles. This might indicate that the FGM debate is unilaterally represented in some ways. The result also shows a clear pattern in representing FGM in media as a global issue treating the prevalence of FGM around the world, even when a domestic perspective is used. The issue of interest is also perceived as a procedure aiming to control women and/or their sexuality in a quite vast extent, scholarly as well as empirically

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur journalisters yrkesidentitet förändrats i och med mediebranschens stora förändringar på grund av teknologins utveckling. Vidare vill vi öka förståelsen för hur organisationer kan stötta personalens identitetsarbete i samband med stora förändringar som påverkar yrkesidentiteten. Metod: En fallstudie som undersöker journalisters yrkesidentitet med en abduktiv ansats. Den empiriska datan är insamlad med hjälp av intervjuer. Slutsats: Studien har visat på att journalister har en tydlig yrkesidentitet som grundar sig på de journalistiska idealen och värden som etik och neutralitet. Det har även konstaterats att på grund av ny teknologi har yrkesrollen för journalister förändrats och därmed har yrkesidentiteten också delvis förändrats. Vi kan se att oberoende vilken bransch som står inför stora förändringar på grund av ny teknologi så behövs en förståelse från organisationer om hur yrkesidentiteten kan påverkas. / Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how journalist’s professional identity has changed because of the large changes of the media industry due to new technology. We also want to increase the understanding of how organizations can support their employees in identity work in connection to organizational changes that may impact the professional identity. Methodology: We have conducted a case study that investigates journalist’s professional identity with an abductive approach. The empirical data was collected using interviews. Conclusion: The study shows that journalists have a distinct professional identity based on journalistic ideals and values such as ethics and neutrality. It was also found that due to new technology the work role as journalists has changed and consequently the professional identity has also partly changed. We can see that regardless of which industry that is facing large changes due new technology, organizations need to understand how the professional identity can be impacted.

Jill Jackson was one of the first female sports journalists and a pioneer voice for women in athletics. Although heretofore overlooked in the history of American sports journalism, the story of her career is an addition not only to the historiography of female sports journalists but also to the broader study of women in the mid-twentieth century. Jackson was admired, a hard worker, from a prominent New Orleans family, and well educated, yet she still was treated unequally in her primary workspace—the press box. Jackson left well-documented story to the Nadine Vorhoff Library and Special Collections at Newcomb College Institute in New Orleans. The collection, comprised of scrapbooks, photographs, letters, and newspaper articles, reveal the struggles and rewards of her impressive career.