Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco de Assis2.pdf: 2859238 bytes, checksum: 8bed2044265441a7d40095c15b52fb30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Among the journalistic genres, especially the ones practiced in the Brazilian press, there is one which José Marques de Melo names diversional journalism. Differentiated by its fun-making purpose and also by its revealing coverage of interesting stories, the structure of its format assimilates elements both from literature and anthropology. But what motivates reporters to develop such genres, and in what circumstances? What methods are used for such work? What forces act there? This study aimed to understand how this process takes place, by observing and comparing the ways of doing adopted by nine Brazilian journalists, who were chosen because they submit themselves to two interrelated criteria: 1) being well recognized in the journalistic setting and/or by the publishing market as professionals who stand out for their expertise in such genre; and 2) having produced texts presenting the mentioned characteristics for newspapers and/or magazines that were subsequently compiled into a book. The methodology employed is narrowly related to the theoretical newsmaking perspective, using the appropriate technique for an observation that considers different moments of history (from the 1950s up to today): the interview in its semi structured format. The group of journalists interviewed is formed by Audálio Dantas, Carlos Wagner, Consuelo Dieguez, Daniela Pinheiro, Eliane Brum, João Moreira Salles, José Hamilton Ribeiro, Ricardo Kotscho and Zuenir Ventura. As a result, we defend that the genre presented here as the subject of research is cultivated by a select group of professionals, capable of casting sensitive eyes over reality, extracting details and plots from it that will impact on the readers feelings, amusing them while offering esthetic gratification, in contrast to some assumed alienation. Such production is dependent on creativity, curiosity, and on talent to write pleasant texts, as well as on highly subjective checking and writing methods, which turn out to be quite a settled matter in the way those professionals act. Such capacity is what enables them to gain space, amid disputes with editors and editorial directors, in order to prepare texts which will highlight their authorship. At last, the function of amusing, assigned to the genre, is confirmed by the professionals, though implicitly / Há, dentre os gêneros jornalísticos, especialmente os praticados na imprensa brasileira, um agrupamento a que José Marques de Melo atribui o nome de jornalismo diversional. Diferenciado por sua finalidade afeita à diversão e por abranger matérias reveladoras de histórias interessantes, a estrutura de seus formatos assimila elementos da literatura e da antropologia. Mas que motivações levam repórteres a desenvolver tal gênero e em quais circunstâncias? Quais métodos são adotados para sua feitura? Que forças agem aí? O estudo apresentado nesta tese buscou compreender como se dá esse processo, observando e comparando os modos de fazer adotados por nove jornalistas brasileiros, escolhidos por se submeterem a dois critérios inter-relacionados: 1) serem reconhecidos pelo meio jornalístico e/ou pelo mercado editorial como figuras que se destacam nesse exercício; e 2) terem produzido textos com as características mencionadas para jornais e/ou revistas e que, posteriormente, foram compilados em livro. A metodologia empregada tem vínculo estreito com a perspectiva teórica do newsmaking, valendo-se da técnica apropriada para uma observação que considera diferentes momentos da história (década de 1950 para cá): a entrevista, no seu tipo semiestruturado. O quadro de jornalistas entrevistados é formado por Audálio Dantas, Carlos Wagner, Consuelo Dieguez, Daniela Pinheiro, Eliane Brum, João Moreira Salles, José Hamilton Ribeiro, Ricardo Kotscho e Zuenir Ventura. Como resultado, defendemos que o gênero aqui posto como tema de pesquisa é cultivado por um seleto grupo de profissionais, capazes de direcionar olhares sensíveis sobre a realidade, para dela extrair detalhes e enredos que toquem nos sentimentos dos leitores, divertindo-os, ao propiciar gratificação estética, em contraponto à alienação que se costuma presumir. Trata-se de produção dependente de criatividade e curiosidade, de talento para redigir textos agradáveis e de métodos de apuração e de escrita altamente subjetivos, mas que aparecem como questão bem resolvida no agir profissional desses sujeitos. Essa capacidade também é que os possibilita conquistar espaço, em meio a embates com editores e diretores de redação, para elaborar matérias em que a autoria se sobressai. Por fim, a função de divertir, atribuída ao gênero, é confirmada pelos profissionais, ainda que de modo implícito.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Bertol1.pdf: 1339896 bytes, checksum: 00bd7c9728898461969b5fdf64e80825 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study investigates the convergences and divergences in the primary and secondary communication pertaining breast cancer. We used an interpretation method provided by Framing Theory, Agenda Setting, Social Learning Theory, Diffusion of Innovations, Semiotics and the concept of the News (like information about recent events), basing our argument on the fact that scientists and journalists communicate scientific news under a different light. Another objective of our study was to draw a historical view on the Health Communication and its evolution, taking into consideration that the communication field has undertaken an enormous effort to stablish a relationship with the health field, creating an area to apply theories, principles and communication techniques, with the clear objective of dissemination and sharing of information, knowledge and practices that can contribute to improve the health and wellness of the population. We found considerable supporting material through the analysis of data from scientific and journalistic periodicals which publish news regarding breast cancer. The implications of such differences between primary communication (among peers) and secondary communication (general public) for the health communication are sometimes presented as convergences, and sometimes as divergences. When they are presented in a clear and understandable manner, they represent an advancement to Health Communication, bringing positive results for the well being of the population, taking into consideration that the origin of the diseases lies, fundamentally, where the biological and social dimensions intertwine.(AU) / Este estudo investiga as convergências e as divergências na comunicação primária e na comunicação secundária do câncer de mama. Nós usamos um esquema interpretativo fornecido pela Análise de Enquadramento, Agenda Setting, Teoria do Aprendizado Social, Difusão de Inovações, Semiótica e conceito de Novidade na Ciência e no Jornalismo, para argumentar que cientistas e jornalistas comunicam as novidades da Ciência de modos diversos. Também tivemos como uma proposta secundária traçar um panorama histórico da Comunicação da Saúde, e sua evolução, considerando que a Comunicação empreendeu um esforço para legitimar um espaço de encontro com a Saúde, afirmando uma área de aplicação de teorias, princípios e técnicas comunicacionais, com o objetivo preciso de difundir e compartilhar informação, conhecimentos e práticas que contribuam para melhorar os sistemas de saúde e o bem-estar das populações. Através da análise dos dados de periódicos científicos e jornalísticos que divulgam o câncer de mama, nós encontramos apoio significante para nossas predições. As implicações destas diferenças entre a comunicação primária (interpares) e a comunicação secundária (público leigo) para a comunicação da saúde são discutidas, às vezes apresentando-se como convergências, às vezes como divergências. Quando bem esclarecidas e compreendidas, fazem avançar a Comunicação da Saúde, obtendo resultados positivos no bem-estar das populações, considerando que a origem das doen ças está, fundamentalmente, onde se entrelaçam o biológico e o social.(AU)

Based on Risk Communication assumptions, this paper investigates the relationship between sources and journalists in covering disasters, to evaluate what is the role of the journalist and point out some elements that might contribute to a quality coverage. Methodologically, this paper is based on literature review and individual and semi-open interviews. From the analysis of six months of Zero Hora editions, we mapped and interviewed the expert sources used by the newspaper in articles related to disasters involving climate. We also interviewed the journalists authors of disaster related articles, to know how they deal with the challenge of covering climate and how they relate to the experts. Through interviews, this paper presents the capabilities and antagonisms present in the relationship between journalistic and expert sources fields. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, Society and Risk Communication , addresses the concepts of Risk Society and Risk Communication. The second chapter, entitled social fields and journalistic sources in news coverage of disasters , discusses the concept of field, the specifics and relations between fields, and also the concept of source. The last chapter, The vision of experts on the news coverage of disasters , analyzes interviews with the expert sources and journalists and proposes some actions to guide the journalistic work. The analysis of the interviews is divided into two parts. The first concerns the logic and operation of the journalistic field and covers: news values, determination and relationship between sources and experts. The second part seeks to establish elements for a protocol of action and is divided into three parts: Before: the necessity of prevention , Moment of crisis: precautions and limits to journalists in a disaster and After the disaster: the journalistic oversight . The paper concludes that, like other fields, journalism needs protocols for dealing with risk situations. Moreover, there is still much to advance in the dialog between journalistic field and expert sources, a relationship that has incompabilities, especially considering that the two fields follow a different logic. We understand that the journalist can not be just a witness of facts, but must have an intellectual work to analyze it and understand its role within the network of disasters, in view of the social role of journalism. This dissertation is part of the Media and Identity line of research, because it comprises journalism within the sociocentric paradigm and takes into account the actions of society along with journalism, highlighting the active paper of journalists in the production of information. / A partir dos pressupostos da Comunicação de risco, o trabalho investiga as relações entre fontes e jornalistas na cobertura de desastres, para avaliar o papel do jornalista e apontar alguns elementos que possam contribuir com uma cobertura de qualidade. Metodologicamente, o trabalho baseia-se em revisão bibliográfica e em entrevistas individuais e semiabertas. A partir da análise de seis meses de edições Zero Hora, mapeamos e entrevistamos as fontes especializadas utilizadas pelo jornal nas matérias relativas a desastres que envolvem o clima. Também entrevistamos os jornalistas autores de matérias sobre desastres, para saber como eles lidam com o desafio de cobrir o tema e como se relacionam com os especialistas. Por meio das entrevistas, o trabalho apresenta as compatibilidades e os antagonismos presentes na relação entre o campo jornalístico e os campos das fontes especializadas. A dissertação divide-se em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, A sociedade e a comunicação no contexto dos riscos , aborda-se o conceito de Sociedade de risco e de Comunicação de risco. O segundo capítulo, intitulado Campos sociais e fontes jornalísticas na cobertura de desastres , discute o conceito de campo, as especificidades e as relações entre os campos, além do conceito de fonte. Já o último capítulo, A visão dos especialistas sobre a cobertura jornalística de desastres , analisa as entrevistas com as fontes especialistas e com os jornalistas e propõe algumas ações para nortear o trabalho jornalístico. A análise das entrevistas está dividida em duas partes. A primeira diz respeito à lógica e ao funcionamento do campo jornalístico e abrange valores-notícias, apuração e relação entre fontes e especialistas. A segunda parte busca estabelecer elementos para um protocolo de ação e está divida em três partes: Antes do desastre: a necessidade da prevenção , Momento de crise: os cuidados e limites para os jornalistas em um desastre e Após o desastre: a fiscalização jornalística . Com o trabalho conclui que, assim como outros campos, o jornalismo precisa de protocolos para lidar com situações de riscos. Além disso, ainda há muito para se avançar no diálogo entre o campo jornalístico e as fontes especializadas, uma relação que apresenta incompatibilidades, principalmente tendo em vista que os campos seguem lógicas diferentes. Entendemos que o jornalista não pode ser apenas um testemunho dos fatos, mas tem que realizar um trabalho intelectual para analisá-lo e compreender a sua função e seu papel dentro da rede de desastres, tendo em vista o papel social do jornalismo. A dissertação insere-se na linha de pesquisa Mídia e identidade porque compreende o jornalismo no interior do paradigma sociocêntrico e leva em consideração as ações da sociedade junto ao jornalismo, destacando o papel ativo dos jornalistas na produção da informação.

The purpose of this essay is to study the consequences of the swedish concept ”näthat” (hate on the internet hate), similar to the english hate speech, against swedish journalists and it's consequences for journalism as a whole in a democracy. How does it affect swedish journalists to have sensitive information about themselves and their families on public websites? How does threats from anonymous people affect them?   The study focus on the work ethics of journalism and it's function in a democratic society, how net hate affects it, and what consequences net hate may have on democracy.   The method of choice is a qualitative interview study, where the results from the interviews were analyzed against the theoretical science. The following people were chosen for the interviews: Helena Giertta, editor in chief at the newspaper Journalisten, Björn Wiman, head of culture at the newspaper Dagens Nyheter, Ann Persson, reporter at Dagens Nyheter, Johan Everljung, legally responsible publisher at the Swedish Television in Umeå, and Josefine Holgersson, reporter at the Swedish Television in Umeå.   In short: The study concludes that net hate is a big threat against journalism, in the sense that it can, and is, being used as a tool to silent journalists and sources that speaks about sensitive subjects as feminism, immigrants and related matters. It is also clear that some groups are more frequently using it, such as xenophobic groups. The problem is therefore that many people, at the risk of being subject of net hate, decide not to participate in neither the public conversations in society or as sources in the media. As a consequence, some matters will not be featured and reported on, and that is very problematic not only for journalism as a whole, but also for democracy. / Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka vilka konsekvenser så kallat ”näthat”, har på journalistiken: Hur påverkas journalister av att bli uthängda och hotade av anonyma? Vad får det för konsekvenser för journalistiken? Tyngdpunkten i undersökningen ligger på den journalistiska yrkesrollen i en samhällelig kontext, hur den påverkas av näthat, vad näthatet kan få för konsekvenser för demokratin och även att problematisera och studera begreppet näthat.   Metodologiskt bygger studien på en kvalitativ intervjustudie där resultaten ska jämföras med, och analyseras mot, normativ teori i form av befintlig litteratur och empirisk forskning. För att få svar på studiens frågeställningar valdes fem informanter ut genom strategiskt och snöbollsurval efter sin yrkesmässiga relevans. Valda informanter var Helena Giertta, chefredaktör på tidningen Journalisten, Björn Wiman, kulturchef på Dagens Nyheter, Ann Persson, nyhetsreporter på DN, Johan Everljung, ansvarig utgivare på SVT i Umeå och Josefine Holgersson, nyhetsreporter på SVT i Umeå. Med hjälp av materialet (intervjuer, och litteratur) ville studien ge en bild av hur näthatet påverkar journalistiken och journalisters yrkesutövande.   Kortfattat kom studien fram till att hot och hat på nätet är ett stort problem för journalistiken och det kan få stora konsekvenser för demokratin. Näthat används som ett verktyg för att tysta journalister och källor som vissa grupper (oftast främlingsfientliga) ogillar. Det är tydligt att vissa ämnen som ”feminism”, ”invandrare” och ”flyktingar” är extra känsliga och ofta generar näthat. Att det dessutom ofta är redan utsatta grupper som påverkas (exempelvis kvinnor och flyktingar) gör problemet ännu allvarligare då det kan leda till att dessa än mer utesluts eller väljer att inte medverka i det offentliga samtalet, vilket urholkar journalistikens demokratiuppdrag: att förmedla information, vara ett forum för debatt och diskussion, kommentera samhällsskeenden och granska politiken.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir sobre a organização do trabalho no jornalismo, analisando quando o trabalho é fonte de sofrimento e quando ele é fonte de prazer, a partir da subjetividade dos jornalistas entrevistados. Para tanto, utilizamos a psicodinâmica do trabalho, delineada por Christophe Dejours, como referencial teórico, e entendemos a segurança e a saúde no trabalho como direitos sociais que compõem a cidadania. No estudo do contexto histórico, relacionamos a organização do trabalho e a saúde do trabalhador com a história do jornalismo e suas práticas organizacionais. Fazemos uma pesquisa qualitativa que usa a análise de conteúdo, conforme Bardin. Realizamos 21 entrevistas semiabertas com jornalistas de diferentes gerações, entre 25 e 82 anos de idade, a partir de um roteiro base de 25 perguntas. Os entrevistados dividiram conosco suas memórias e vivências para que analisássemos como se dá a organização do trabalho jornalístico na prática e como são as relações de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho. A escolha dessas pessoas se baseou em uma pesquisa, que considerou o envolvimento profissional, o trabalho por elas realizado, a pluralidade de idades e a experiência em diferentes meios de comunicação jornalísticos. Analisamos o conteúdo do material transcrito a partir de seis categorias temáticas: 1) Direitos trabalhistas, em que analisamos jornada de trabalho, formas de contratação, compensação ou pagamento de horas extras e plantões; 2) Organização do trabalho, em que discutimos a pressão, o ritmo, as relações, as limitações e as rotinas de trabalho; 3) Sofrimento, em que refletimos sobre os sofrimentos, dores e adoecimentos, estresse, assédio moral, álcool e drogas, riscos e violências relacionados ao trabalho; 4) Sentido do trabalho, em que pensamos sobre os sentidos de ser jornalista, a relação trabalho e vida pessoal e o envolvimento com o trabalho; 5) Prazer no trabalho, em que avaliamos o prazer, a satisfação, a criatividade e a autonomia presentes no trabalho do jornalista; 6) Futuro do jornalista, que nos dá pistas para a conclusão deste estudo. Os depoimentos mostram que as pessoas reconhecem situações negativas com a precarização do trabalho, mas ao mesmo tempo declaram o grande envolvimento que têm com a profissão, pois o trabalho dá sentido à vida, e o reconhecimento e o sentido do trabalho podem transformar o sofrimento em prazer. / The aim of this research is to reflect on work organization in the journalistic field, analising how work can be the source of suffering and how it can be the source of pleasure, beginning from the subjectivity of interviewed journalists. As for that, we used psychodynamic at work, going through Christophe Dejours studies as theoritical reference, as we understand the occupational safety and health as social right that surrounds citizenship. In the study of the historical context, we related work organization and worker´s health with the story of journalism and it´s organizational practices. We did a qualitative research which uses the contents analysis, according to Bardin. 21 semi-opened interviews were conductected with journalists from different generations, between 25 and 82 years old, beginning from a script with 25 questions. Interviewers divided with us their memories and experiences in order to analyse how work organization works in practice and how are the relations between pleasure and suffering at work. The choice for picking these professionals was based on a research that considered the professional engagement, the work done by them, the plurality of ages and the experience in different press communication vehicles. We also analysed the contents of the transcription, beginning from six temathical categories: 1) Work Rights, where we analysed work shifts, ways of hiring, overtime, extra payment, on and off duty; 2) Work organization, where we discussed pressure, rhythm, relations, limitations and work routine; 3) Suffering, where we reflected about sufferings, pains, illnesses, stress, moral harassment, alcohol, drugs, risks and violences related to work; 4) Meanings of work, where we considered the meaning of being a journalist, the relation between personal life and involvement with work; 5) Pleasure at work, where we evaluated pleasure, satisfaction, criativity, autonomy, all of them present at journalists job; 6) The future of journalists, which gives us the clue for the conclusion for this study. Testimonials showed that people can recognise negative situations when it comes to a term of undermining work, but at the same time declared a great involvement they have with their profession, as work gives sense to life, and the recognition and meaning of work can change suffering into pleasure.

The aim of this thesis is to show the current Italian authors work specifics who are asserted as journalists as well as writers and their journalistic and prosaic outputs is devoted to organized crime in today's Sicilian society. Roberto Alajmo, Gaetano Savatteri and Salvo Sottile and their literaty outputs È stato il figlio, Tempo Niente. La breve vita felice di Luca Crescente, Gli uomini che non si voltano, I ragazzi di Regalpetra, Maqeda and Più scuro di mezzanotte were chosen for an analysis. The criterion in choosing works was particularly a time span of its formation - for the first time they were published after 2005 and at the same time they are mostly the newest literary outputs of selected authors meeting the requirements. Particular authors are presented after an opening which is describing logical interrelationship between writers and journalists in history of Italian literature ever since the unification of Italy in 1870 and deals with history of Sicilian Mafia and Sicilian literature concerning a phenomenon of Mafia. Part of the following analytic section is devoted to work of particular writers-journalists. Emphasis is put on analysis of prosaic texts considering authors journalistic outputs. Watched is particularly a thematic line of their work and a possible reflection of events...

Les Humanitaires et les Journalistes sont des acteurs de terrain qui se mobilisent à chaque fois que des conflits armés éclatent et que des populations sont, malheureusement, livrées à elles-mêmes. Leurs missions respectives consistent, d'une part, à venir en aide aux victimes touchées soit par la maladie, soit par la famine ou encore par les blessures de guerre ; d'autre part, à informer sur la situation conflictuelle en cours, parfois à en dénoncer les dérives et violations du droit de la guerre. Cependant, le danger n'est jamais très loin de ces deux acteurs de terrain, car ils sont exposés aux effets directs et indirects du conflit armé que peuvent être : les enlèvements voire les rétentions arbitraires, les assassinats, les viols, etc. La particularité de leurs missions et la dangerosité des zones dans lesquelles ils exercent, leur ont fait gagner en importance en droit international. C’est en ce sens qu’un cadre de protection juridique des Humanitaires et des Journalistes a été élaboré par le droit international, notamment via deux de ses branches que sont le droit international humanitaire et le droit pénal international. Il en résulte donc à la fois une protection par les textes contraignants de droit international humanitaire, ainsi qu’une protection par la répression judiciaire des violations desdits textes grâce aux règles de droit pénal international. Un équilibre parfait sur le papier que les juridictions compétentes tardent à appliquer, principalement en raison d’une négligence, voire d’un désintérêt, pour la problématique de la protection juridique des Humanitaires et des Journalistes. / Humanitarian workers and journalists are actors on the ground who mobilize every time armed conflicts erupt and populations are unfortunately left to their own devices. Their respective missions consist, on the one hand, in helping the victims affected either by illness, famine or war wounds ; on the other hand, to inform about the current conflict situation, sometimes to denounce its abuses and violations of the law of war. However, the danger is never very far from these two actors on the ground, because they are exposed to the direct and indirect effects of the armed conflict that can be : kidnappings or even arbitrary retention, assassinations, rape, etc. The particularity of their missions and the dangerousness of the areas in which they exercise, has increased their importance in international law. It is in this sense that a legal protection framework for humanitarians and journalists has been developed by international law, in particular through two branches of : international humanitarian law and international criminal law. The result is both protection by binding texts of international humanitarian law, as well as protection by judicial repression of violations of these texts thanks to the rules of international criminal law. A perfect balance on paper that the competent jurisdictions are slow to apply, mainly because of negligence or even lack of interest in the legal protection of humanitarians and journalists.

La thèse étudie les interactions entre les correspondants bruxellois et leur milieu de travail.Elle adopte une perspective centrée sur les acteurs. Comment l’arène bruxelloise structure et est structurée par les pratiques et représentations des correspondants issus des Etats ayant adhéré à l’Union depuis 2004 ?L’étude de cette partie du corps de presse permet de comprendre les dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans la relation entre l’Union européenne et les médias.Les correspondants des nouveaux Etats membres proviennent des contextes socio-politiques et médiatiques marqués par le passé (post)communiste. Ils trouvent à Bruxelles un univers professionnel qui peut constituer à la fois un modèle de référence, mais aussi une source de déstabilisation. En même temps, ils peuvent contribuer à certains remaniements enclenchés par les élargissements. Deux larges hypothèses sont proposées. L’une conçoit les correspondants des nouveaux Etats membres comme des révélateurs des dynamiques propres au milieu bruxellois. L’autre les perçoit plutôt comme des sources de changement. Le corpus principal est constitué des entretiens semi-directifs avec les correspondants et d’autres acteurs de la sphère de communication bruxelloise. Des périodes d’observation complètent les entretiens. Ces données sont interprétées grâce à une analyse qualitative de contenu conjuguée à certaines techniques discursives. En ressort un constat d’une triple normalisation. La socialisation aux réalités de l’UE contribue à la banalisation de l’ordre politique européen. Le statut de membre de ces Etats est pris pour acquis. Enfin, on observe une routinisation du travail des correspondants issus des pays nouvellement entrés. Leurs spécificités réelles et imaginées perdent d’acuité. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT :The thesis analyses the ways Brussels press corps interacts with its work environment. Our goal is to understand how Brussels ‘milieu’ structures and is structured by practices and representations of media correspondents from New Member States (from 2004 onwards). The political, social and media contexts of these countries are potentially marked by their (post)communist past. Coming to Brussels may provide an opportunity for these journalists to reassess their behavioral and cognitive schemes. Thus, looking at this specific part of the press corps enables us to grasp the dynamics of European socialization and the relationship between the European Union and the media. Along with correspondents’ adaptation, we are also interested in discovering any transformations caused or facilitated by the arrival of these new players to Brussels. Two large hypotheses are formulated. In the first one, New Member States’ correspondents adapt to the specificities of Brussels arena. The second one is depicting them as a source of change. Our main empirical corpus is composed of interviews with correspondents and other actors of the Brussels communication sphere. Interviews are complemented by periods of observation. The resulting data is interpreted using qualitative content analysis together with some discourse analysis techniques. Our results point to a triple normalization. Exposition to Brussels reality leads to a banalization of European political order, general acceptation of membership status of newly joined countries and a routinization of their correspondents’ practices. Both imagined and tangible specificities of New Member States’ correspondents have diminished. Those players are not perceived as significantly distinct from the rest of the press corps. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis represents the first complete biography of Jiří Pichl, a journalist and politician who was born in 1872 in Česká Třebová. Pichl started writing for a regional newspaper after finishing high school, in the times of progressive movement that was calling for a change in the status of Czech lands within the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, and expansion of voting rights. In the beginning of the 20th century he became the reporter in charge with a Czech National Social Party newspaper in Prague. He was also working with several papers published by the Melantrich publishing house. His journalism career peeked when he became a chair of the Czechoslovak Journalists Syndicate where he achieved pension insurance for journalists. During the First Republic, Pichl also started his political career. He became the first mayor of Královské (Royal) Vinohrady after the political overturn. Later he also became a senator of the National Assembly. As a politician he was also looking after the interests of journalists. He was very vocal in calling for a new press law. For many years, he was also a chair of the Central Workers' School. He lost all of his functions during the World War II as he never collaborated with the Nazi regime. The media at the time were celebrating Jiří Pichl. He was portrayed as friendly,...

Ruth First was an activist, journalist and sociologist trained by experience and credentialed by her numerous publications. Having lived most of her adult life as an intellectual and activist, First died in August 1982 at the hands of a regime and its supporters who intensely detested all these pursuits. This research project sketches the intellectual contributions made by the South African sociologist during her time at the Centre of African Studies at Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique. Her life like the newspaper she edited in the early 1970s was a Fighting Talk and this research project is about celebrating that life and valorising some of the life’s work that she left behind. Making use of qualitative research methods such as archiving, semi-structured interviews and contents analysis, this thesis sought to document Ruth First’s intellectual interventions while at the Centre of African Studies. Engaging with her work while she was in Mozambique and inserting her intellectual contributions, which like those of many African scholars have given way to debates from the global North, into our curriculum would perhaps be the real refutation of the assassin's bomb. This engagement is also crucial as it extends much further than the striking accolades which take the form of buildings and lectures established in her honour.