Cette thèse a pour objet d’examiner la médiatisation des associations humanitaires au Liban, à partir de l’étude des productions médiatiques de trois associations, entre 2009 et 2011. La première partie fait ressortir l’évolution de l’action humanitaire, ses objectifs et ses stratégies de communication. L’art de la rhétorique, la suprématie de l’image ainsi que le témoignage humain contribuent à la légitimisation des associations. La deuxième partie est centrée sur les formes de mise en visibilité des associations. Une analyse approfondie de leurs productions médiatiques révèle que les cadrages retenus mettent en oeuvre plusieurs processus afin d’affirmer l’identité, la mission et l’engagement religieux et politique de l’association. La troisième partie porte sur les différentes visées de captation des associations et leurs résonances dans la presse écrite. L’étude est menée à partir des composantes visuelles, verbales et sonores de ces productions médiatiques qui déclenchent le mécanisme des neurones miroirs et l’identification avec les victimes. L’analyse montre que la scénarisation des activités humanitaires par la presse écrite entraîne une pathémisation de l’opinion publique, ce qui résulte en une adhésion à l’association, ainsi qu’à son projet politique et religieux. / The purpose of this thesis is to examine media coverage of humanitarian organizations in Lebanon, based on the study of media productions of three organizations between 2009 and 2011. The first part highlights the evolution of humanitarian action, its objectives and its communication strategies. The art of rhetoric, image supremacy and human testimony contribute to the legitimization of the organization. The second part focuses on the means of rendering the association more visible. A thorough analysis of an association’s media productions reveals that the related framing put in place several processes to assert its identity, its mission and its religious and political engagement. The third part deals with different methods of the organizations’ attractions and their resonances within the written media. The study is conducted on the basis of visual, verbal and audio components of these media productions that trigger the mechanism of mirror neurons and identification with the victims. The analysis shows that the act of scenarizing humanitarian activities by the press causes a pathemisation of the public opinion resulting in the adherence to the association and to its political and religious beliefs.

News companies have a need to automate and make the editors process of writing about hot and new events more effective. Current technologies involve robotic programs that fills in values in templates and website listeners that notifies the editors when changes are made so that the editor can read up on the source change at the actual website. Editors can provide news faster and better if directly provided with abstracts of the external sources. This study applies deep learning algorithms to automatically formulate abstracts and tag sources with appropriate tags based on the context. The study is a full stack solution, which manages both the editors need for speed and the training, testing and validation of the algorithms. Decision Tree, Random Forest, Multi Layer Perceptron and phrase document vectors are used to evaluate the categorisation and Recurrent Neural Networks is used to paraphrase unformatted texts. In the evaluation a comparison between different models trained by the algorithms with a variation of parameters are done based on the F-score. The results shows that the F-scores are increasing the more document the training has and decreasing the more categories the algorithm needs to consider. The Multi-Layer Perceptron perform best followed by Random Forest and finally Decision Tree. The document length matters, when larger documents are considered during training the score is increasing considerably. A user survey about the paraphrase algorithms shows the paraphrase result is insufficient to satisfy editors need. It confirms a need for more memory to conduct longer experiments.

The diploma thesis The depiction of the Watergate scandal in the movies: Comparison of feature films and documentaries focuses on portrayal of journalists and the Watergate scandal on film. It illustrates this on examples of specific feature films and documentaries, which have been made about this topic. These particular movies are All the President's Men (1976), Frost/Nixon (2008), Watergate (2018), Our Nixon (2013) a Nixon by Nixon: In His Own Words (2014). In the first part of the thesis summarises the general history of the portrayal of journalists and media on film. It also contains the introduction of the key players in the Watergate scandal, which are Richard Nixon, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. Furthermore, this part also describes the history of the newspaper The Washington Post and the Watergate scandal itself. The next part focuses on defining the basic terms used in the thesis, such as for example feature film, documentary, investigative journalist etc. The third and the last part, then concentrates on comparing and analysing the six aforementioned chosen films with the help of comparative method, which should lead to the final results. The primary question, in which this thesis focuses, is how (and if) the portrayal of the Watergate scandal differentiates in feature films and...

This diploma thesis deals with development of sports journalism during the First Czechoslovak Republic, which applies to the period from October 1918 unBl Munich agreement in September 1938. Research is focused parBcularly on specialized sports magazines and it is based on analysis of the six most significant ones - Slavista, Sportovni revue, Sportovni vestnik, Sport, Star and Rekord. The aim of this thesis is to describe the progress of sport journalism between world wars in the broader context and get to know whether or not had sport journalism developed into a full-Bme occupaBon. In addiBon this text portrays the most influenBal sport journalists of that period - Karel Petru, Josef Fanta, Miloslav Josef Horacek and Ondrej Sekora and also brings a chapter about sports photography, which was inseparable part of popular sport magazines. This thesis is a first scholarly text to bring a wider perspecBve on specialized sports magazines in Czechoslovak Republic between years 1918 and 1938 and follows the cooperaBon and rivality among journalists and their influence on sport in Czechoslovakia in general. One chapter was devoted to sports photography, because it played important role in successful sports magazines.

As with women journalists in other male-dominated fields, female music writers have long endured gendered harassment. In the newsroom, this sexist treatment is foisted upon female music journalists by their male editors and colleagues; in the outside world, it often occurs at the hands of male sources, readers, and online trolls. Unfortunately, the victims of such abuse are frequently left to cope with it alone, and many report that their mental health suffers in the process. Some may even ultimately decide to quit pursuing music journalism entirely. These women report wanting to feel more supported within their work environment, as well as through informal means, such as via a network of fellow female writers. Feminist media theory, utilitarianism, and ethics of care will serve as the study's theoretical bases. This research, based on in-depth interviews with women music journalists, suggests that the vast majority of participants had faced sexism and/or gendered harassment during their time as a female music journalist, experiences that left many of them feeling frustrated and devalued. Based on the research, I offer recommendations on how to make the industry more inclusive for women writers.

Que ce soit dans le contexte occidental ou chinois, l’utilisation des médias sociaux est devenue vraiment courante dans les pratiques journalistiques. L’identité des journalistes sur les médias sociaux est largement étudiée par des chercheurs. Cependant, ce genre de recherches dans un contexte chinois, en particulier les recherches sur l’identité des journalistes des médias étatiques en Chine, n’est pas approfondi et complet. Par conséquent, cette recherche vise à explorer l’identité construite par des journalistes des médias étatiques chinois sur les médias sociaux. À travers les entrevues semi-dirigées avec neuf journalistes, je conclus qu’ils utilisent trois façons pour s’exprimer sur les médias sociaux : certains journalistes ne construisent qu’une identité professionnelle sur les médias sociaux et retransmettent des contenus sans publier leurs opinions subjectives ; certains journalistes ne construisent qu’une identité personnelle sur les médias sociaux et ne publient que les contenus liés à leur vie personnelle ou leurs propres points de vus ; certains journalistes construisent des identités différentes sur différents médias sociaux. La construction de l’identité de ces journalistes est affectée par les valeurs et les normes journalistiques, leur institution médiatique ainsi que les relations avec leurs collègues. Pour équilibrer leur identité personnelle et identité professionnelle en ligne, tous les participants essaient de séparer les deux identités et contrôler leur identité construite sur les médias sociaux. Mais cette séparation ou ce contrôle ne fonctionne pas toujours bien, surtout pour ceux qui ne construisent que leur identité personnelle sur les médias sociaux. / Whether in the Western or Chinese context, the use of social media has become more and more common in journalistic practices. The identity of journalists on social media has been widely studied by lots of researchers. However, this kind of research is not thorough and comprehensive when it goes to a Chinese context, especially research on the identity of journalists working in state-run media in China. Therefore, this research aims at exploring the identity constructed on social media by Chinese journalists working in state-run media. By taking semi-structured interviews with nine journalists, it is concluded that three different ways are adopted to express themselves on social media: some journalists only build a professional identity on social media and publish contents without expressing their subjective opinions; some journalists only build a personal identity on social media and only publish contents related to their personal life or their own points of view; and some journalists build different identities on different social media. The construction of their identities on social media is affected by journalistic values and standards, their media institution as well as their relationships with their colleagues. To balance their personal identity and professional identity online, all participants try to distinguish and control their different identities built on social media. But this kind of effort does not work well all the time, especially for those who build only their personal identity on social media.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten experience threats and hate and if these things vary depending on if the affected journalist is a woman or a man. This study also aims to examine how these threats and the hate affect the opinion-forming journalists in both an emotional and a professional way. To strengthen the analysis this study is based on four theoretical frameworks. Strömbäcks theories support analyzes about self-censorship and the opinion-forming journalists' importance for democracy. Butler's theories about hate-speech describe how hate-speech can be expressed and affect the receiver. Lazarus and Folkman contribute with a psychological perspective with coping strategies, how they cope with the threats and hate. The theories from Hanitzsch presents various perspectives about the journalistic cultures and supports analysis connected to the journalistic role. The method used to gather the material was qualitative interviews with six opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. For the analysis meaning condensation was used. The result presents a total of ten themes, sorted in three chapters based on the issues. The result and analysis indicates that threats and hate is common for opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten to be exposed by. At the same time, a majority of the participating opinion-forming journalists state that they feel spared. Furthermore, it is very common for the opinion-forming journalist who receives threats or hate to be affected emotionally, mainly with negative emotions such as fear, sadness and discomfort. The biggest professional effect that threats and hate can lead to is self-censorship. Finally, this study can show that there are differences in threats and hate between female and male opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. The biggest difference is that women receive more threats and hatred based on sexism and containing sexual allusions.

The dissertation analyzes the iReporter project, which allows viewers to become involved in Czech Television broadcasting. The dissertation is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with participatory (citizen) journalism, both abroad and in the Czech Republic. I attempt to outline the history and present of public involvement in the production of news, with a focus on TV- related participatory journalism and Czech Television in particular. The dissertation describes the way in which viewers became increasingly involved in TV broadcasting over time, be it in movies, TV series, entertainment programs or news reporting. I also explain how television began to utilize new media, mobile journalism and social networks, all of which brought it much closer to its viewers. The theoretical study is followed by a practical part focused on the iReporter project. For example, it provides information about the people in charge of the project, the number of participating contributors, the process a video takes to get on the screen, the regions with the most active iReporters and the programs/shows which use their videos the most. This is followed by a mapping of the iReporters' weekly activities to show, for example, the proportion of the most active contributors, the most popular topics...

The dissertation called 'Framing of Mental Illness in Selected Media Outputs Focused on Destigmatization' explores how the documentary series 'Life Behind the Wall', online documentary series 'You are not alone', an audio documentary series 'My therapy' communicate the theme of mental health. The work aims to find out how selected journalistic projects framed the issue of mental illness. The theoretical part of the work first deals with mental illness, the concept of stigma and the role of the media in its transmission. It also focuses on destigmatization and defining the most important destigmatization approaches. The next part presents the theoretical basis of concepts such as the influence of the media, agenda-setting and framing. The analytical part presents 10 frameworks, which have been identified using the method of grounded theory. The results are summarized in a discussion, where found frameworks and their limits are being evaluated and compared with best practices based on manuals for journalists and professional publications on mental illness.

This study analyzes the framing of the war in Iraq (2003) during the week before and the week after the conflict started according to the media coverage of nine leading newspapers from United States, Europe, and Latin America. Through quantitative content analysis, the researcher answered seven research questions and analyzed the framing, sources, and approaches used by the newspapers in the news coverage of the conflict. The researcher compared the news coverage of each region and found that there were significant differences in the content of the war reporting according to the geographical area of the media. European and Latin American newspapers framed a "bigger and more balanced picture" in covering more sides of the war and quoting diverse sources while American media covered a narrower range of war perspectives and quoted coalition sources in almost all of their news stories and editorials.