Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao ERIKA SOARES DE ALMEIDA MARTINS.pdf: 4634043 bytes, checksum: 96282aa765135479a80ff052ed1dc9e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objective: compare the perceptions of journalists and speech and hearing therapists when analyzing nonverbal communication of subjects declaring in a Congressional Committee of Investigation. Method: it was given a nonverbal communication questionnaire to a sample of 30 journalists and 30 speech and hearing therapists, which 10 of the journalists work on television, 10 of them work at radio station, 10 of them work at writing press, 10 of the speech and hearing therapists work on television, 10 of them work with language and 10 of them work with hearing. It was made statistics and discourse analyzes of a dialogic map of communicative approach. Results: speech and hearing therapists who work on TV analyzed generically with almost no specificity when concerning nonverbal elements as well as the journalists who work on TV. Speech and hearing therapists who work with hearing participated attentively of the research and exceeded when analyzing facial expression. Speech and hearing therapists who work with language let themselves be influenced by the context and content. Journalists who work at radio station paid more attention to the body movements when compared to other journalists, this group exceeded among the other groups. Journalists who work with writing press, as well as the speech and hearing therapists and journalists who work on TV also had a generical view, however, they let themselves be less influenced by the context and content. Final considerations: the analyses show that journalists were more efficient filling out the questionnaire when concerning the objective of this research compared to speech and hearing therapists. They also show that it is impossible to separate nonverbal communication of the speech, questioning the fact that many authors, when considering communication, assure that nonverbal communication is responsible for over 50% of the message. The nonverbal communication was mentioned very little considering that the priority was to analyze it. / Objetivo: comparar as percepções de jornalistas e fonoaudiólogos ao analisar a comunicação não-verbal de sujeitos depondo na Comissão Parlamentar Mista de Inquérito. Método: foi aplicado um protocolo de comunicação não-verbal a uma amostra composta de 30 jornalistas e 30 fonoaudiólogos, sendo que 10 jornalistas trabalham em televisão, 10 em rádio, 10 em mídia escrita, 10 fonoaudiólogos atuam em televisão, 10 atuam na área de linguagem e 10 atuam na área de audiologia. Foi feita uma análise estatística e uma análise do discurso do mapa de recursos comunicativos. Resultados: Fonoaudiólogos que atuam em televisão tiveram uma análise mais genérica com pouquíssima especificidade em relação aos elementos não-verbais, assim como os jornalistas que trabalham em televisão. Fonoaudiólogos que atuam na área de audiologia participaram atentamente da pesquisa e se destacaram ao analisar a expressão facial. Fonoaudiólogos que atuam na área de linguagem deixaram-se influenciar pelo contexto e conteúdo. Jornalistas que trabalham em rádio se atentaram mais para os recursos corporais quando comparado aos outros jornalistas, esse grupo se destacou perante aos outros grupos. Jornalistas que atuam em imprensa escrita, assim como os fonoaudiólogos e jornalistas que atuam em televisão, também tiveram um olhar mais genérico, no entanto, deixaram-se influenciar menos pelo conteúdo e pelo contexto. Considerações finais: Os achados demonstram que jornalistas foram mais fiéis ao objetivo da pesquisa que os fonoaudiólogos. Demonstram também ser impossível dissociar a comunicação não-verbal do discurso, e instiga quanto ao fato de muitos autores, ao considerarem a comunicação, afirmam que a comunicação não-verbal é responsável por mais de 50% da mensagem. A comunicação não-verbal foi pouco mencionada pela amostra.

Esta tese mostra como os principais sujeitos participantes do contrato de comunicação jornalístico (veículos, jornalistas e leitores) percebem as finalidades do jornalismo. A metodologia utilizada é a Análise de Discurso. Os veículos selecionados são Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo, os três maiores jornais de referência brasileiros, cujo discurso foi mapeado em 38 documentos institucionais (princípios editoriais, manuais de redação, códigos de ética, editoriais). O discurso de 85 jornalistas brasileiros foi analisado em 40 documentos (biografias, livros, documentários, trabalhos acadêmicos e entrevistas). O discurso de 250 leitores foi encontrado em 279 comentários postados em sites dos jornais Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo e nas páginas desses jornais no Facebook. A tese chegou a dois tipos de resultados. Um, de caráter empírico, deriva da análise do material discursivo dos três sujeitos: o que veículos, jornalistas e leitores dizem sobre as finalidades do jornalismo. No discurso dos sujeitos, estão presentes as seguintes finalidades do jornalismo: a) fiscalizar o poder e fortalecer a democracia; b) informar; c) esclarecer o cidadão e apresentar a pluralidade da sociedade; d) verificar a veracidade das informações; e) selecionar o que é relevante; f) investigar; g) registrar história e construir memória; h) interpretar e analisar a realidade; i) defender o cidadão; j) fazer a mediação entre os fatos e o leitor; k) integrar e mobilizar as pessoas; l) divertir (finalidade só considerada por veículos e jornalistas, não por leitores). A tese traz diversas conclusões sobre como cada sujeito compreende essas funções. Outro resultado, de caráter teórico, se desdobra em dois: o primeiro é a elaboração de um quadro com a síntese das finalidades do jornalismo segundo os autores consultados; o segundo é a formulação de uma proposta das finalidades do jornalismo. Cheguei a uma proposta de que o jornalismo tem 12 finalidades a cumprir: a) informar de modo qualificado; b) investigar; c) verificar a veracidade das informações; d) interpretar e analisar a realidade; e) fazer a mediação entre os fatos e o leitor; f) selecionar o que é relevante; g) registrar a história e construir memória; h) ajudar a entender o mundo contemporâneo; i) integrar e mobilizar as pessoas; j) defender o cidadão; k) fiscalizar o poder e fortalecer a democracia; l) esclarecer o cidadão e apresentar a pluralidade da sociedade. / This doctoral dissertation shows how the main subjects participating in the journalistic communication contract (media companies, journalists and readers) perceive the purposes of journalism. The methodology that was used is Discourse Analysis. The media companies which were selected are Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo, the three major reference Brazilian newspapers, whose discourse was mapped in 38 institutional documents (editorial principles, writing manuals, codes of ethics, editorials). The discourse of 85 Brazilian journalists was analyzed in 40 documents (biographies, books, documentaries, academic works and interviews). The discourse of 250 readers was found in 279 comments posted on the websites and Facebook pages of the newspapers Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo. The research reached two kinds of results. One, of an empirical nature, stems from the analysis of the discourse materials from the three subjects: what the media companies, journalists and readers say about the purposes of journalism. In the discourse of the subjects, the following purposes of journalism are present: (a) watching over how power is exerted in society and strengthening democracy; (b) informing; (c) clarifying issues for citizens and providing them with a plurality of society; (d) checking the veracity of information; (e) selecting what is relevant; (f) investigating; (g) recording history and constructing memory; (h) interpreting and analyzing the reality; (i) defending citizens; (j) mediating between facts and readers; (k) integrating and mobilizing people; (l) entertaining (purpose considered by media companies and journalists only, not by readers). The dissertation reached a number of conclusions about how each subject understands these functions. Another result, of a theoretical nature, splits into two: the first outcome is a table that was designed aiming to present a summary of the purposes of journalism according to the authors who were consulted; the second is a proposal of the purposes of journalism. I present a proposal according to which journalism has 12 purposes to fulfill: (a) informing in a qualified sense; (b) investigating; (c) checking the veracity of information; (d) interpreting and analyzing reality; (e) mediating between facts and readers; (f) selecting what is relevant; (g) recording history and constructing memory; (h) helping to understand the contemporary world; (i) integrating and mobilizing people; (j) defending citizens; (k) watching over how power is exerted in society and strengthening democracy; (l) clarifying issues for citizens and presenting the plurality of society.

This study is a content analysis of news frames used in the coverage of Proposition 8 by newspapers in Utah and California, spanning the three months prior to its passage in November 2008, to the three months after its passage. A total of 401 news stories from five newspapers were analyzed to examine which of five news frames (attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economic consequence) were used most predominantly and if the use of those frames varied by newspaper. Conflict was the most predominantly used frame, followed by attribution of responsibility, morality, economic consequence and human interest. The use of news frames did vary by newspaper. The newspapers in Utah used the morality frame more often in their coverage of Proposition 8 than the newspapers in California. Framing choices by the newspapers also changed over time. The use of the human interest frame decreased sharply after the November ballot vote, while the use of the responsibility frame and conflict frame showed a meaningful increase.

Undoubtedly, there are many factors influencing IT-usage at work; some of them are psychological. The thesis provides new knowledge about the connections between three phenomena: IT-usage, self-efficacy and creativity among Swedish news journalists. The dissertation also contributes new knowledge about the mechanisms of self-efficacy in IT-related work. The first objective was to explore psychological factors’ influence on how, when and why IT is used at work. In particular, the investigation aimed to study the role of self-efficacy in IT-usage. The second objective was to examine the relationship between IT-usage and creativity. Of specific interest was whether journalists perceive IT-technologies as a support or an obstacle. The empirical findings of four studies show a complex picture. Variation in IT-usage and communication at work is explained by factors as attitudes, experience of IT-usage, interest in traditional journalistic work, and IT-specific self-efficacy. Furthermore, the results reveal that both generalized work self-efficacy and IT-usage at work are related to perceived creativity among news journalists. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (p.87-89).

A considerable body of work on women's television careers exists in Europe and North America, but the English-speaking Caribbean countries have never been investigated for their regional practices. This dissertation fills this void by addressing three major themes: a) the discrepancies between the high female labour force participation rates and their low representation in media management positions; b) the role of Caribbean gender ideology and stereotypes in excluding females from the professions; and c) the dearth of anti-discrimination and equity legislation in the region, their impact on female professional careers; and what can be done to ameliorate the working conditions of female broadcasters in the Caribbean. Historically, there has always been a significant percentage of women in employment in the Caribbean: during slavery, women outnumbered male workers on the plantations. The last two decades have seen a marked movement of women out of agriculture and into the service sectors including tourism and banking; as well as communication and some of the professions. As elsewhere in the world, gender structures and fragments the contemporary Caribbean labour force; and the tendency for men and women to have access to qualitatively different types of jobs is a persistent feature of both professional and general employment patterns in the region. This thesis investigates journalism as one of the prestige professions, which has attracted female personnel since the 1960s; and compares their access, promotion and remuneration to that of the male professionals. The thesis further uses Canadian and American findings to determine the informal barriers encountered by females in building their careers, as well as asesses the equity legislation and its impact on the region. Two comprehensive surveys covering all Television stations in the Anglophone Caribbean provide the data for the thesis; which are similar to those used by Robinson/St. Jean (1997) in Canada and Weaver / Il existe en Europe et en Amerique du nord de nombreuses etudes sur la vie professionnelle des femmes oeuvrant dans le domaine televisuel. Aux Caraibes Anglophones, par contre, il n'existe aucune etude de ce genre. Ce travail vise a combler ce vide en considerant le probleme sous trois angles principaux: a) les ecarts existant entre le taux eleve de la main-d'ceuvre feminine dans le domaine televisuel et la sous-representation des femmes parmi les cadres superieurs du secteur des medias b) le role de l'ideologie et des stereotypes de sexes aux Caraibes dans l'exclusion des femmes des postes de responsabilite au sein des entreprises mediatiques et de la penurie d'une politique de justice sociale et d'equite d'emploi dans la region et ses consequences sur les carrieres des femmes; et dans quelle mesure it serait possible d'ameliorer les conditions de travail des femmes dans le domaine de la telediffusion aux Caraibes. Historiquement les femmes des Caraibes ont toujours constitue un pourcentage important de la main-d'ceuvre: pendant l'esclavage, le nombre de femmes travaillant sur les plantations depassait celui d'ouvriers de sexe masculin. D'ailleurs, au cours des deux demieres decennies, les femmes ont de plus en plus abandonne le secteur de l'agriculture au profit de celui de services et de consommation, y compris le tourisme et les operations bancaires, la communication et certaines autres professions. Comme ailleurs dans le monde, l'appartenance sexuelle conditionne et influence le decoupage de l'effectif aux Caraibes contemporaines; la tendance selon laquelle les hommes et les femmes occupent des postes qualitativement differents est donc une caracteristique permanente des politiques d'emploi de la region. Cette these analyse le journalisme comme profession de prestige ayant attire les femmes depuis les annees 60 et compare leur acces au travail et a la promotion et leur remuneration a ceux de leurs homologues masculins. La these s'inspire des resultats d'etud

The purpose of this study is to examine how the editorial staff from the Swedish radio program Morgonpasset i P3 and the Norwegian radio program P3morgen uses Facebook and Twitter and how they can use social media as a tool in the production. The purpose is also to examine how active both of the editorial staff are on Facebook and Twitter and which kind of language they use on Facebook and Twitter. The radio programs both work under a lot of similar conditions and are both controlled by public service in both countries. To conduct the study qualitative interviews was performed with the web editor Christoffer Malm from Morgonpasset i P3 and the radio presenter Silje Nordnes from P3morgen in combination with a quantitative content analysis. The study was conducted over a limited period of the autumn of 2013. The essay is based on theories on strategic communications, public relations and language in social media. The result of this study shows that both of the editorial staff uses Facebook and Twitter to create a relationship with the listeners and also to create an on-going dialog. The editorial staff at Morgonpasset i P3 are more active on social media then the editorial staff at P3morgen. Both of the radio programs editorial staff is using a young, non-bureaucratically language on Facebook and Twitter. This study also shows that the public service organisation SR in Sweden have a more worked out strategy plan for how to use Facebook and Twitter than the public service organisation NRK in Norway have.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The impact of a female sportswriter's presence on a newspaper staff was examined by content analysis, studying photo and copy space devoted to both male and female sports coverage. Composite weeks, one each from each quarter of the year following the woman's date of hire were selected from the only four newspapers in the state of Indiana hiring female sportswriters. Compared to similar Indiana newspapers without female sportswriters, those with female staffers were found to devote more copy and photo space to women's coverage in the entire sports section, and on the sports section front page, papers with female sportswriters used more photos of women and devoted more total space (photos and copy) to women's sports coverage. The effect was consistent regardless of the newspaper's market size. / Department of Journalism

The title enlightens the difficulties of democratic transition that Cambodia experiences post Khmer Rouge. Media in transitional democracies is often described as a forced compromise between what is ideal and what is actually possible. This thesis aims to understand how political agency and technological advances have affected journalistic agency in a transitional democracy. Three research questions were decided upon: How do journalists in Cambodia perceive their role in a democratic transition? What restrictions and limitations do journalistic practices face in Cambodia? And how do journalists in Cambodia perceive the impact of social media on democratic development? A field study was conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. For ten weeks, eight editors and journalists currently active in Cambodia were interviewed and observed in their working environment. Normative media theory and developmental democracy theory have been used to analyze and understand the material that was generated through a combination of unstructured observations and semi-structured qualitative research interviews. Important findings were that the complicated structures of transitional democracies make journalists take on different roles, from very collaborative to extremely radical. Their different stand on journalistic practices is a mixture of their own choice and the force of historical, political and social constraints. Political power players treat them differently, which further separates them and has led to a segregated journalistic community. Even though they seem to share the same fundamental ideal of what journalism should be journalists are therefor unlikely to cooperate. Social media has been a catalyst for change in democratic development in Cambodia. By offering a place for uncensored conversations it has given the opposition access to media. Social media has brought along many new dilemmas though and is probably more beneficial to journalistic development than to democratic development. There is a lack of tolerance of diversity in Cambodia due to the fragile state of democratic transition. Therefor the immediate and unrestricted ways of expression in social media partially works against creating the social capital necessary for consolidation – fully completed democratization.