John Fowles¡¦s The Magus, as a metafiction, is designed to criticize the fictional writing in the context of inter-reflexive narrative. More than displaying his innovative writing style, Fowles extends the possibility of fictional writing with the application of spiral structure, allegorical rhetoric and the abundant mythological elements in this book. This thesis sets out to analyze the mirror-text and discuss how such a text reflects the symbolical meaning carried by the mythological symbols within the narrative, which, taken together, reinforce the significance of the hero¡¦s adventurous journey¡Xthe journey as a process of the development of the hero¡¦s personality. To elaborate the narrative strategy of this novel, in the first chapter, I shall discuss the function of the mirror-text and its relation with the primary text. Applying Mieke Bal¡¦s narratological theory to enhance my understanding of the mirror-text, I would bring forth the cumulative effect of the mirror-text. The arrangement of the mirror-text aims to decompose the text by projecting the deficiencies in the primary text. In Chapter Two, I shall, on the one hand, decompose the text by using Vladimir Propp¡¦s method of morphology. On the other hand, after introducing Joseph Campbell¡¦s analysis of mythology, I would discuss the mode and significance of the heroic journey in detail and explore how the motif of mythology structures the narrative of The Magus. After examining the novel both structurally and semantically, in the final part, I would put emphasis on the psychological condition of the hero. Jungian psychological study, which encompasses mythic symbols, would be adapted for illuminating the development of the hero¡¦s personality. The personal development is taken as an analogy in the novel. From the growth of an I-narrator, Fowles takes the novel as not only an aesthetic discourse with which he scrutinizes the reality he perceives but also a mirror upon which the author and the readers are allowed to project their ¡§lack¡¨ onto the ¡§maternal textual body.¡¨ Like the symbolic rebirth of a hero, the author and the text are reborn from the readers¡¦ interpretations.

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Magistro darbo pagrindinis tikslas ištirti Šiaulių universiteto gimnazijos moksleivių turistinių kelionių poreikius. Nepatenkinti šio segmento poreikiai – tai nauji turizmo produktai, kuriuos gali pasiūlyti besiplečianti turizmo rinka. Pirmojoje magistro darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu išanalizuota paslaugos, vartotojo sampratos bei poreikių atsiradimo priežastys. Analizė paremta gimnazistų turistinių kelionių, kuriose jie dalyvavo su tėvais ar mokykla vertinimais bei pageidavimais, į kuriuos reikėtų atsižvelgti organizuojant gimnazistams skirtas keliones. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog gimnazijos moksleivių pagrindinis poreikis – savarankiškumas, kuris pasireikštų renkantis bendrakeleivius, formuojant kelionės maršrutą, kelionės trukmę. Kita vertus Šiaulių universiteto gimnazijos moksleiviai prisitaikė prie esamos situacijos, nes didžioji dalis respondentų patenkinti įvykusiomis turistinėmis kelionėmis. Jose sužinojo daug naujo bei pritarė mokyklinių turistinių kelionių skaičiui per metus. / The main aim of Master Thesis is to research touristic journey needs of Siauliai University Gymnasium pupils. Unsatisfied needs of this segment are the new tourism products, which can be offered by developing tourism market. In the first part of Master Thesis the services, consumer’s conceptions and the reasons of arising needs are analyzed in theoretical aspect. The analysis is based on evaluations of touristic journeys of gymnasium pupils, where they participated together with parents or school, and requests which should be taken into account while organizing journeys, intended for pupils of gymnasium. Received research results revealed that the main need of Gymnasium pupils is independence, which can be revealed by choosing fellow passengers, planning route and time for travelling. On the other hand the pupils of Siauliai University Gymnasium adjusted to the current situation, as the bigger part of respondents are satisfied with touristic journeys. They found out much during them and approved the number of school touristic journeys during the year.

Person with hearing impairment (PHI) and their Communication partners (CPs) have a range of experiences and milestones before, during and after their audiological assessment and/or rehabilitation sessions. The term ‘patient journey’ refers to understanding the experiences and the processes the patient goes through during the course of the disease and the treatment regime. The aims of the current thesis were: (1) to further develop patient journey models of individuals with gradual-onset hearing impairment and CPs by taking their views into consideration; (2) to develop the patient journey model for PHI of sudden-onset; (3) to develop a self-reported measure of hearing disability acceptance and to study its construct and concurrent validity; (4) to investigate the health behaviour change characteristics of people noticing hearing difficulties using the stages-of-change model.  Papers I (n=32) and III (n=9) were aimed at further developing the journey model of PHI and their CPs proposed by the Ida Institute. Both studies employed qualitative methods (i.e., focus groups and interviews for data collection and thematic analysis for data analysis), and defined the models based on the perspectives of PHI and CPs both of which had seven main phases. These data were compared with the professionals’ perspectives of the journey as reported in the Ida Institute model which had six main phases. Our studies highlight new phases (i.e., self-evaluation in PHI journey and adaptation in CP journey) and also various commonalities and differences in the perspectives expressed by professionals and patients. Paper II included a pilot study to explore the patient journey of sudden-onset acquired hearing impairment from both professionals (n=16) and patients (n=4) perspectives. Both identified all the six main phases, which include: awareness; movement; diagnostics; rehabilitation; self-evaluation; and resolution. The pre-awareness phase may hinder the realisation of hearing loss in persons with gradual onset hearing loss, whereas it is far more straightforward in persons with sudden-onset due to its nature of onset. Papers IV and V employed a cross-sectional design (n=90). Paper IV was aimed at developing a Hearing Disability Acceptance Questionnaire (HDAQ), and to study its construct and concurrent validity. Results suggested that the HDAQ has a two factor structure which explains 75.7% of the variance and had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86). Also, the scale had good concurrent validity in relation to self-reported hearing disability, self-reported anxiety and depression and readiness to change measures. Paper V was aimed at understanding the stages-of-change in adults with hearing disability using the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale.  As predicted a high percentage of participants (over 90%) were in the contemplation and preparation stages, supporting the stages-of-change model. Overall, the papers presented in this thesis may contribute to a better understanding of process of change through hearing impairment in PHI and their CPs. / Personer med hörselnedsättning (eng. PHI) och deras kommunikationspartners (eng. CPs) har en uppsättning upplevelser och erfarenheter före, under och efter audiologisk bedömning och/eller hörselrehabilitering. Begreppet "patientprocess" avser förståelsen av de erfarenheter och de förändringsprocesser patienten genomgår under sjukdomsförloppet och behandlingen av denna. Syftet med avhandlingen var: (1) att ytterligare utveckla individuella modeller för patientprocessen vid gradvis debut av hörselnedsättning och att ta CPs erfarenheter under beaktande, (2) att utveckla modeller för patientprocessen vid plötslig debut av hörselnedsättning, (3) att utveckla självskattningsmått på acceptans av hörselnedsättning och att studera dess begreppsvaliditet och samtidig validitet, (4) att undersöka beteendeförändring avsende hälsa för personer som upplever hörselnedsättning. Artikel I (n = 32) och artikel III (n = 9) syftade bland annat till att vidareutveckla modell av patientprocessen som och deras kommunikationspartner som föreslagits av Ida Institutet. I båda studierna användes kvalitativa metoder (fokusgrupper och intervjuer för datainsamling och tematisk analys) för att bygga modeller av patientprocessen personen med hörselnedsättning och dess kommunikationspartner, där båda modellerna kom att inkludera sju huvudfaser av processen. Resultaten jämfördes med sjukvårdspersonalens perspektiv på patientprocessen enligt Ida Institutets modell. Studierna visar nya faser (självvärdering för PHIs process och anpassning för CPs process). Dessutom identifierades likheter och skillnader i jämförelsen mellan sjukvårdspersonalens och patientens perspektiv. Artikel II innehåller en pilotstudie för att undersöka och skapa modeller för patientprocessen vid plötslig förvärvad hörselnedsättning från både vårdgivarens (n = 16) och patientens (n = 4) perspektiv. Båda grupper identifierade alla sex huvudfaser. Dessa inkluderar: medvetenhet; rörelse; diagnos; rehabilitering; självvärdering; och lösning på problemet. Pre-awareness (för-medvetande) fasen kan eventuellt fördröja/förhindra förståelsen för hörselnedsättningen för personer med gradvis tilltagande hörselnedsättning, emedan förståelsen är mer direkt för personer med plötslig förvärvad hörselnedsättning. Artikel IV och artikel V var bägge baserade på en tvärsnittsstudie (n=90). Artikel IV syftade till att utveckla ett frågeformulär angående acceptans av hörselhandikapp (eng. Hearing Disabiliy Acceptance Questionnaire, HDAQ) och att studera dess begreppsvaliditet och samtidig validitet. Resultaten visar att HDAQ fick en två-faktor struktur som förklarde 75,7 % av variansen och uppvisade god intern konsistens (Cronbach’s alpha 0,86). Dessutom hade skalan god samtidig validitet i förhållande till självrapporterad hörselnedsättning, självrapporterad ångest och depression, samt i förhållande till beredskap för förändring. Artikel V (n = 90) syftade till att undersöka stadier av beteendeförändring för personer med tidig, förmodad hörselnedsättning, via den så kallade stages-of-change modellen. Mätinstrumentet för beteendeförändring var University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale. Som förväntat var en hög andel av deltagarna (över 90%) i tidiga stadier (eng. contemplation and preparation), vilket stöder stages-of-change modellen. Sammanfattningsvis, bidrar artiklarna i denna avhandling till en bättre förståelse av förändingsprocesser via hörselnedsättning för personer med hörselnedsättning och deras kommunikationspartners.

In this research project, the potential of integrating ePortfolios into the reflection and assessment component between a personal trainer and client was examined. Research demonstrates that more effective learning occurs when reflection and engagement are integral components. The problem that this thesis aimed to answer was the importance of enhancing student engagement, in the classroom and beyond. New technology applications like ePortfolios allow for great student reflection and deep learning but are not universally applied. As such, this study explored the potential of integrating an e portfolio as a reflection technology to enhance engagement during learning. While ePortfolios are commonly found in an academic setting, professionals in healthcare have also used ePortfolios with their patients, clients or peers. Could ePortfolios be used by personal trainers, clients, coaches and athletes? If so, how? What would be the outcomes? The focus of this research project was to explore the potential of integrating ePortfolios into the reflection and assessment component between a personal trainer/client. Eight trainers throughout the Ottawa area were interviewed to gain an understanding of their perception on the ways in which trainers could enhance their client’s fitness journey through the use of an ePortfolio and if so, how would the ePortfolio would be used. The results of this research project provided insight as to whether or not reflective technology strategies such as ePportfolios would enhance the client’s fitness journey and if so, how would the ePortfolio be used. Ultimately, this thesis will inform our understanding of how ePortfolios can be transferred from an academic setting to foster deep learning in kinesiology settings.

This research aims to define and develop a methodology to assist an individual traveller to select healthier and more sustainable transport routes and modes among admissible transport options and highlight the trade-offs among multiple objectives in terms of health, economic, social and environmental benefits. It aims to assist an individual traveller with multi-objectives to make more informed decisions in route and mode planning. The objectives in the case study were identified as personal energy expenditure, travel time, travel cost, CO2 emissions and energy resource consumption concerning sustainability. / This research presents procedures for estimating a range of costs and benefits for journeys; procedures for determining the optimal route for an individual’s trip in an urban area based on cost and benefit estimates and preference weights for specific objectives; procedures for undertaking sensitivity analysis for the optimal route; and uses of the cost and benefit estimation and optimal route generation procedures to conduct a case study for a realistic journey in Melbourne. / An active transport journey planner model was developed in MS Excel to allow users to set constraints for most objectives and give their corresponding weightings, respectively. The recommended transport solution (the least total disutility one) and ranking of other options along with their detailed objective-related information are derived. A case study shows that the methodology developed could be applied in selecting more informed transport solutions based on the user’s multi-objective preferences. In addition, transport options incorporating more cycling and walking have the higher probability to deliver healthier and more sustainable solution to users if social, environmental concerns were considered beyond economic issues. Meanwhile, in sensitivity analysis, the tornado diagrams and spiderplots diagrams are used for demonstrating how sensitive each transport option’s disutility is to the weightings of objectives.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on the long-established interrelation between spatial and social mobility in the American context, the result of the westward movement across the frontier that was seen as being attended by the promise of improving one’s social standing – the essence of the American Dream. The focal texts are F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925), John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and Thomas Wolfe’s You Can’t Go Home Again (1940), journey narratives that all present geographical relocation as necessary for social progression. In discussing the novels’ depictions of the itinerant characters’ attempts at attaining the American Dream, my study draws on Peter Brooks’s theory of narrative dynamic, a theory which contends that the plotting operation is a dynamic one that propels the narrative forward toward resolution, eliciting meanings through temporal progression. This thesis seeks to analyse the relation between mobility and narrative by applying Brooks’s theory, which is primarily consolidated by means of nineteenth-century texts, to the modernist moment. It considers these journey narratives in view of new technological developments and economic conditions, underpinned by the process of globalisation, that impact upon mobility. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis konsentreer op die onderlinge verband tussen ruimtelike en sosiale mobiliteit in die Amerikaanse konteks, synde die gevolg van die weswaartse beweging oor grense en grondgebiede heen wat oënskynlik aangevuur was deur die belofte van ’n beter sosiale stand – die kern van die Amerikaanse Droom. Die soeklig val in die besonder op F. Scott Fitzgerald se The Great Gatsby (1925), John Steinbeck se The Grapes of Wrath (1939) en Thomas Wolfe se You Can’t Go Home Again (1940), welke drie reisverhale almal geografiese hervestiging as ’n vereiste vir sosiale vooruitgang voorhou. In die bespreking van hoe dié romans die rondreisende karakters se strewe na die Amerikaanse Droom uitbeeld, put my studie uit Peter Brooks se teorie van narratiewe dinamiek, wat aanvoer dat die intrigefunksie dinamies is en die verhaal voortstu na ontknoping, terwyl dit deur middel van temporele progressie betekenis ontsluit. Hierdie tesis ontleed die verhouding tussen mobiliteit en die narratief deur Brooks se teorie, wat hy hoofsaaklik deur interpretasie van 19de-eeuse tekste gevorm het, op die modernistiese tydsgewrig toe te pas. Dit besin dus oor hierdie reisverhale teen die agtergrond van nuwe, globalisasie-gegronde tegnologiese ontwikkelings en ekonomiese omstandighede wat mobiliteit beïnvloed.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The concept of community is broad and has different historical, social and cultural dimensions that resonate in the educational setting and contemporary trajectories of teacher training, especially in the mode of distance education (EAD). In this mode, develop didactic, pedagogical and interpersonal relations potentially conducive to formation of collaborative networks of training and professional development that, in turn, can lead to the formation of a community. Understanding the formative journey as the trajectory of training in groups that are significant to the teacher, while person/professional, the general objective of this research is: investigate the initial teacher training course of the first graduates of the course Spanish and Literature/EAD/UAB/UFSM to understand how is (or not) a community in this context. For both, the approach adopted is qualitative research, in which it sought, from an exploratory step, establish the initial contact with 78 subjects, in order to meet the students profile and describe their conceptions about EAD and its didactic-pedagogical relations within the framework of the course. From this exploratory phase, were identified that enabled the construction of inferences threads-Guide to narrative interviews with six subjects. Based on textual recurrences presented in the narrative constructed records emerged showing significant moments subtopics of the formative journey that denote the characteristics of a network of training and professional / O conceito de comunidade é amplo e apresenta diferentes dimensões históricas, sociais e culturais que repercutem no cenário educacional e nas trajetórias de formação docente contemporâneas, especialmente na modalidade de Educação a Distância (EAD). Nesta modalidade, desenvolvem-se relações didáticas, pedagógicas e interpessoais potencialmente propícias à formação de redes colaborativas de formação e desenvolvimento profissional que, por sua vez, podem conduzir à constituição de uma comunidade. Entendendo o percurso formativo como a trajetória de formação nos grupos que são significativos ao professor, enquanto pessoa/profissional, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é: investigar o percurso formativo inicial docente dos primeiros formandos do Curso de Letras/Espanhol e Literaturas EAD/UAB/UFSM no sentido de compreender como se constitui (ou não) uma comunidade neste contexto de formação. Para tanto, a abordagem de pesquisa adotada é qualitativa, na qual se buscou, a partir de uma etapa exploratória, estabelecer o contato inicial com 78 sujeitos, a fim de conhecer o perfil dos estudantes e descrever suas concepções a respeito da modalidade EAD e suas relações didático-pedagógicas no âmbito do curso. A partir desta etapa exploratória, foram identificadas inferências que possibilitaram a construção de tópicos-guia para a realização de entrevistas narrativas com seis sujeitos. Baseando-se nas recorrências textuais apresentadas nos registros narrativos construídos, emergiram sub-tópicos, evidenciando momentos significativos do percurso formativo que denotam características de uma rede de formação e desenvolvimento profissional, especialmente no que tange à formação para a integração das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no ensino. Em relação à constituição de comunidade, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados apontam que, neste contexto formativo docente em EAD, não há indicadores solidificados. No entanto há elementos significativos no percurso formativo que apontam para possibilidades que, se reforçadas, podem despertar o pertencimento e engajamento a um grupo formativo.

This work arose primarily from two circumstances: my appreciation for J. R. R. Tolkien and his work, and my propensity towards those literary words that evoke images to be not only seen, but also felt. The more I read Tolkien, the more this appreciation grows. My overall goal in this research is to track the spatial elements presented in The Lord of the Rings (1954), centering on the imagetic formations that make abstract ideas into concrete images. Such images enable the reader to visualize those abstractions and connect them to the protagonist of the narrative, Frodo Baggins. Frodo got involved in the Great War of the Ring without meaning to. Nevertheless, he is the only one who can take the Ring back to place where it was forged, in order to destroy it. In spite of considering himself fragile when contrasted with the great enemy, the little hobbit opens his way towards the dark land. The crossing from the Shire (where the hobbits live) to Mordor (the Dark Lord’s land) is long, full of surprises, has unknown places and unexpected meetings. In this sense, the fact that Frodo undertakes a journey is really significant, because it makes him an active character in space and time within the plot. This way, while he wanders through many symptomatic different places (allowing us to keep up with him in this travelling), Frodo provides many pertinent associations between landscape and character, and this plays essential rode in highlighting the antithetical meanings contained in the plot. By connecting the fictional and theoretical readings, I analyse Tolkien’s narrative structure, along with the constitution of space in Middle-earth, to understand the use of the lexicon space and identify how the work’s imagery is composed. In the end of this journey (which becomes our journey, as we keep up with Frodo), I aim to establish in what ways the walkway and the meeting with different places may change the protagonist. / Este trabalho surgiu, principalmente, de duas circunstâncias: minha apreciação por J. R. R. Tolkien e toda a sua obra; e o meu gosto por aquelas palavras literárias que evocam imagens possíveis de serem não só vistas, mas também sentidas. A partir de então, ele cresceu conforme foi sendo desenvolvido. O objetivo geral aqui é estabelecer a pesquisa que rastreia diversos elementos do espaço romanesco em The Lord of the Rings (1954). Através deste estudo, pode-se encontrar muitas constituições imagéticas que tornam ideias abstratas em imagens concretas, possibilitando a sua visualização por parte do leitor. Ademais, interessa o modo como esse espaço se relaciona com o protagonista da narrativa: Frodo Baggins. Frodo foi envolvido na Grande Guerra do Anel sem intenções de o fazer. Entretanto, é ele o único que pode levar o Anel até o local onde foi forjado, a fim de destruí-lo. Apesar de pensar a si mesmo como frágil diante do grande inimigo, o pequeno hobbit inicia seu caminho, em direção à terra sombria. A travessia do Shire (local onde moram os hobbits) até Mordor (a terra do Senhor do Escuro) é longa, repleta de surpresas, lugares desconhecidos e encontros inesperados. Nesse sentido, o fato de Frodo empreender uma jornada é bastante significativo, pois essa condição faz dele um personagem ativo dentro do espaço-tempo do enredo. Dessa forma, ao percorrer lugares sintomaticamente diferentes, e permitindo que o acompanhemos nessa travessia, proporciona muitas associações pertinentes entre paisagem e personagem, constituindo papel essencial nos significados antitéticos da obra. Com a convergência entre as leituras fictícias e teóricas, buscou-se analisar a estrutura narrativa de Tolkien, ao constituir o espaço da Terra-média. Para isso, observa-se a maneira como os diversos elementos romanescos são empregados – como o léxico referente ao espaço, por exemplo – com a finalidade de identificar a composição imagética na obra. Ao fim dessa que, ao acompanhar Frodo, se torna também a nossa jornada, procurou-se estabelecer as maneiras como a passagem e a vivência em diferentes espaços altera a personalidade do protagonista.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-04-06T16:30:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 4355363 bytes, checksum: 5cf864d79278b4a94ad31dbfaf6b1724 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T16:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 4355363 bytes, checksum: 5cf864d79278b4a94ad31dbfaf6b1724 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / The representative figure of the mythological hero has an important significance for any and all society. Superheroes of comics have played a similar role in modern times not only because of their innumerable mediatic appearances, but because they are a direct or indirectly grounded form of representation in the heroic figure in the society of diverse cultures. In this scenario, Batman, hero of the comics, stands out in popularity and brings in one of the most well-known brands in pop culture and most valued of the cultural industry. However, in order to understand the representative strength of the character as a brand, it is necessary, first, to analyze the journey of the character, from its creation, to the media in which it is published, as well as the planned associations of Develop the narratives of the adventures of the hero, completely based on the concepts and mythical characteristics that form this type of character. / A figura representativa do herói mitológico tem uma importante significação para toda e qualquer sociedade. Super-Heróis de Histórias em Quadrinhos exercem, em eras modernas, um papel semelhante, não apenas por suas inúmeras aparições midiáticas, mas sim, por serem uma forma de representação, direta ou indiretamente fundamentadas, na figura heroica, na sociedade de culturas diversas. Nesse cenário, Batman, herói oriundo dos quadrinhos, destaca-se em popularidade e acarreta em uma das marcas mais conhecidas na Cultura Pop e mais valorizadas da indústria cultural. Entretanto, para que se compreenda a força representativa do personagem como marca, é necessário, antes, que haja uma análise da jornada deste, desde a sua criação, aos meios de comunicação em que o mesmo é veiculado, bem como as associações planejadas, de desenvolver as narrativas das aventuras do herói, completamente fundamentadas nos conceitos e características míticas que formam esse tipo de personagem.