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Das Cyanobakterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 besitzt eine circadiane Uhr, die aus nur drei Proteinen besteht: KaiA, KaiB und KaiC. Durch 24stündige Phosphorylierungs- und ATPase-Zyklen des KaiC wird u. a. die globale Genaktivität gesteuert. Der Anteil circadian regulierter Gene sowie die Zahl und Organisation der kai-Gene scheinen in Cyanobakterien stark zu variieren. Um die Komponenten eines potenziell komplexeren Kai-Systems zu untersuchen, wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 als Modell ausgewählt. In dessen Genom werden ein KaiA- sowie jeweils drei divergierte KaiB- und KaiC-Proteine kodiert. Durch in vitro Studien konnte die Aktivität von KaiC1 und KaiC3 erstmals charakterisiert werden: KaiC1 zeigte eine KaiA-abhängige Kinase-Aktivität und bildet mit KaiA und KaiB1 vermutlich einen „Standard-Oszillator“. KaiC3 wies die typischen Kinase-, ATP-Synthase- und ATPase-Aktivitäten des KaiC aus Synechococcus auf. Deren Ausprägung erschien jedoch modifiziert. Ferner wurde die zeitliche und räumliche intrazelluläre Verteilung des KaiA sowie der KaiC-Proteine aufgeklärt. Die Kai-Proteine verhielten sich insgesamt abweichend von den Homologen aus Synechococcus, was das Fehlen einer circadianen Rhythmik unter den gewählten Wachstumsbedingungen erklärt. Angesichts kontroverser Diskussionen über die molekularen Details der Assemblierung von KaiC und KaiB aus Synechococcus wurde in einem ergänzenden Projekt demonstriert, dass die gesteigerte Phosphorylierung des KaiC bei 4°C zur Bildung stabiler KaiC-KaiB-Komplexe führt. Die dabei etablierte Methode erlaubt Untersuchungen der KaiC-KaiB-Interaktion unter Verwendung der Wildtyp-Proteine. / The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 harbors a circadian clock consisting of only three proteins: KaiA, KaiB and KaiC. 24hour phosphorylation and ATPase cycles of KaiC control global gene activity. The number of circadian regulated genes as well as the number and organization of kai-genes seem to vary strongly among cyanobacteria. To analyze the components of a probably more complex Kai-system, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was chosen as a model in the present study. Its genome encodes one KaiA- and each three KaiB and KaiC proteins. The activity of KaiC1 and KaiC3 was – for the first time - characterized by in vitro studies: KaiC1 displayed a KaiA-dependent kinase activity and builds a ,standard oscillator‘ together with KaiA and KaiB1. KaiC3 displayed the typical kinase, ATP synthase and ATPase activities of KaiC from Synechococcus. However, the characteristics of the activities appeared to be modified. Moreover, the temporal and spatial intracellular distribution of KaiA and the KaiC proteins was elucidated. Altogether, the Kai proteins performed different from their Synechococcus homologs, explaining the lack of circadian rhythms under the chosen growth conditions. In view of the controversial discussions about the assembly of KaiC and KaiB from Synechococcus, an additional project was set up to demonstrate that increased auto-phosphorylation of KaiC at 4 °C leads to the formation of stable KaiC-KaiB-complexes. In this context, a protocol was established that allows to analyse KaiC-KaiB interactions using wild-type proteins.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em pequenas empresas, visando identificar os tipos de estratégia adotados e sua relação com os estilos cognitivos de seus dirigentes. Para tanto, foi utilizado o modelo proposto por Miles e Snow para classificar as escolhas estratégicas reportadas pelos empresários. Esta escolha fundamenta-se no fato de que a taxonomia tem se mostrado adequada para a análise do comportamento estratégico de pequenas empresas. Em relação ao aspecto cognitivo, foi usado o modelo KAI (Kirton Adaptor- Innovator) para se avaliar o estilo dos dirigentes. Os dados foram coletados em empresas da região do Vale do Paraíba, SP e da região de Campinas, SP. A análise desses dados revela, em primeiro lugar, que todos os quatro tipos estratégicos são encontrados em ambas as regiões, e que a distribuição desses tipos não apresenta diferenças significativas de uma região para outra. Quanto ao estilo cognitivo, pode-se verificar que os resultados obtidos são equivalentes àqueles encontrados em pesquisas similares realizados no exterior, e que os empresários distribuem-se igualmente entre inovadores e adaptadores. Finalmente, embora não tenha sido possível encontrar correlação significativa entre os estilos cognitivos e a tipologia estratégica geral das empresas de ambas as regiões, foi identificada uma forte correlação entre estilo inovador e estratégia prospectiva e também entre estilo adaptador e estratégia defensiva nas áreas relativas ao empreendedorismo e à tecnologia. / The present work has for objective to present the results of a research realized in small companies, seeking to identify the strategy types adopted and your relationship with your leaders cognitive styles. For this reason, the model used was proposed by Miles and Snow to classify the choices strategic reported for the entrepreneurs. This choice is based in the fact that the taxonomic has been showing if appropriate for the analysis of the strategic behavior of small companies. In relation to the cognitive aspect, the model was used KAI (Kirton Adaptor-Innovator) to evaluate the leaders style. The data were collected in companies of the area of the Vale do Paraíba, SP and of the area of Campinas, SP. The analysis of those data reveals, in first place, that all the four strategic types are found in both areas, and that the distribution of those types doesnt present significant differences of an area for other. With relationship to the cognitive style, it can be verified that the obtained results are equivalent, those found in similar researches accomplished in the exterior, and that the entrepreneurs are distributed equally between innovators and adapters. Finally, although it has not been possible to find significant correlation between the cognitive styles and the general strategic typology of the companies of both areas, it was identified a strong correlation between innovative style and prospective strategy and also among adapting style and defensive strategy in the relative areas to the entrepreneurial activities and the technology.

本論文共一冊，八章，都二十萬言。 第一章：緒論。說明研究之動機與目的，檢討以往研究之成果，並陳述研究之步驟與 論述之程序。 第二章：皇侃所處之時代。說明南北朝之政治現象與學術風尚。 第三章：皇侃之生平與著作。旨在參證皇侃之生平，考辨皇侃之著作。 第四章：皇侃之禮記學。對輯佚諸本提出檢討，析論禮記義疏佚文之形式與內容，並 評論其得失。 第五章：皇侃之考經學。重探敦煌本孝經鄭氏解義疏之作者，考辨與析論考經義疏之 佚文。 第六章：皇侃之論語學（上）。旨在探研論語義疏之流傳、板本、真貌三者。 第七章：皇侃之論語學（下）。旨在探研論語義疏之體例、思想，並加以評論。 第八章：結論。簡述本題之要點，皇侃治經之特色與經學之貢獻，並說明本題研究之 不足及今後研究之方向。

本論文共一冊，約十萬字，除前言、結論外，分四章十二節，旨在探討一九一一年武 昌革命爆發後，袁世凱重握政權，主持南北議和的全盤經過與內容，並分析議和達成 的內外在因素。 第一章袁世凱在清末的地位，以軍事、政治、外交三方面論述。第二章議和的醞釀， 首述革命爆發後袁氏的再崛起及應付局勢的肩略安排，次述袁派員赴武昌召撫，末述 袁利用朱芾煌、汪精衛與武昌再度交涉。第三章上海議和，首述袁的君主、民主兩面 討好策略之安排，次述公開議和，最後述祕密談判。第四章議和的達成，先論議和的 頓挫、次言袁的贊成民主，末述清帝退位。最後作結論。

Remiantis Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktais, teismų praktika bei įmonių lokaliniais teisės aktais, šiame darbe analizuojama atleidimo iš darbo, kai dabuotojas vieną kartą šiurkščiai pažeidžia darbo pareigas, teorinės ir praktinės problemos: Pirmiausia nagrinėjama šiurkštaus pažeidimo sąvokos atskleidimo teorinė problematika, lyginant šią sąvoką su kitomis teisės šakomis; Antra, analizuojamos AB „Achema“, Klaipėdos lopšelio-darželio „Volungėlė“, Viešosios įstaigos Kauno ligoninė Vidaus darbo tvarkos taisyklės bei AB „Vakarų laivų gamyklos“ Kolektyvinė sutartis ir jose numatyti darbo pareigų pažeidimai ir šiurkštūs darbo pareigų pažeidimai; Trečia, analizuojamas probematišku laikytinas Darbo kodekso 235 straipsnio 2 dalies 11 punktas- kiti šiurkštūs darbo pareigų pažeidimai. Pateikiama teisminių bylų praktinė analizė, kai šiurkštūs darbo pareigų pažeidimai priskirtini būtent kitiems šiurkštiems darbo pareigų pažeidimams; Ketvirta, analizuojama atleidimo iš darbo, kai darbuotojas vieą kartą pažeidžia darbo pareigas, tvarka. Šioje dalyje taip pat pateikiama teorinė ir praktinė analizė šiuo klausimu, taip pat akcentuojamas tokio atleidimo iš darbo tvarkos bei įforminimo laikymasis. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos apibendrinančios išvados ir pasiūlymai, kurie manytina, galėtų teigiamai įtakoti tinkamą darbo sutarties nutraukimo už šiurkščius darbo pareigų pažeidimus kvalifikavimą. / With reference to legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania, practice of courts and local legal acts of companies, in this work theoretical and practical problem of dismissal from work when employee once outrageously breaches work duties are analyzed: At first theoretical problematic of concept’s outrage breach revealing is researched comparing this concept with other branches of law; Secondly, rules of Internal work procedures of SC “Achema”, Klaipeda kindergarten “Volungele”, Public enterprise Kaunas hospital and Collective agreement of SC “Vakaru laivu gamykla” and foreseen provided breaches of work duties and rough breaches of work duties are analyzed; Third, clause 11 of the 2nd part of article 235 of Labor Code –other outrage breaches of work duties – considered as problematic is analyzed. Practical analysis of judiciary cases when outrage breach of work duties are attributed to other outrage breaches of work duties is represented; Fourth, order of dismiss from work is analyzed when employee breaches work duties once. In this part also theoretical and practical analysis on this point are proposed, also compliance with work order and perfection of such dismissal is emphasized. At the end of the work generalizing conclusions and offers which are considered to positively influence appropriate qualification of work agreement’s termination because of outrage breach of work duties are represented.

What is innovation in ship design? Is it a capability that is inherent in all naval architects? Is it the result of the application of a certain set of tools, or of operation within a certain organizational structure? Can innovation be taught? Innovation is a creative act that results in a new and game-changing product. The emergence of an innovative product creates an asymmetric market. The emergence of an innovative weapon creates an asymmetric battlefield. It is clearly in the economic and military interest of the United States to be able to develop and deploy innovative products, including innovative ships. But the process of ship design is usually one of incremental development and slow evolution. Engineers are taught to develop their product by paying close attention to previous developments. This approach is viewed by some people as anti-innovative. And yet the author has made a career of innovation in ship design. How has this been possible? This dissertation will answer the four questions posed above. It will show what innovation in ship design is, and where innovative naval architecture lies in the taxonomy of human creative endeavor. It will then describe those human attributes which have been found to be essential to successful innovation. It will also describe some of the many tools that innovators use. Some of those tools are used unconsciously. Some of those tools are formal products supported by research institutes and teaching academies. Finally, given the fact that innovation in ship design is a component of engineering – which is a subject taught in Universities – and that it is facilitated by the use of tools – and tool use can be taught – the author will conclude that innovation itself can be taught. Whether it can be mastered will depend upon the individual, just as with most other creative skills.

論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語文及文學學部,1994. / 參考文獻: leaves 199-212 / 黃婉冰. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1-4 / Chapter 第二章 --- 徐鍇生平概述 --- p.4-7 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《說文繫傳》的體例及版本流傳 --- p.7-14 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《說文繫傳》的體例 --- p.7-10 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《說文繫傳》的版本流傳 --- p.10-14 / Chapter 第四章 --- 說文繫傳》的聲訓字例研究 --- p.14-83 / Chapter 第一節 --- 宋以前的聲訓概述 --- p.14-20 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《說文繫傳》所用聲訓術語 --- p.21-27 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《說文繫傳》聲訓的繼承及創新 --- p.27-32 / Chapter 第四節 --- 《說文繫傳》聲訓的取訓方式 --- p.32-45 / Chapter 第五節 --- 《說文繫傳》聲訓中釋詞與被釋詞的聲音關係 --- p.46-59 / Chapter 第六節 --- 《說文繫傳》運用聲訓探求物名研究 --- p.59-70 / Chapter 第七節 --- 《說文繫傳》「聲近義通」文例研究 --- p.70-79 / Chapter 第八節 --- 《說文繫傳》聲訓的評價 --- p.79-83 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《說文繫傳》假借字例研究 --- p.83-162 / Chapter 第一節 --- 假借的定義 --- p.83-89 / Chapter 第二節 --- 假借字與本字 --- p.89-92 / Chapter 第三節 --- 假借字與本字的各種關係 --- p.92-98 / Chapter 第四節 --- 徐鍇的假借理論 --- p.98-108 / Chapter 第五節 --- 《說文繫傳》假借用語 --- p.108-117 / Chapter 第六節 --- 《說文繫傳》判斷假借字的依據 --- p.118-139 / Chapter 第七節 --- 從《說文繫傳》假借字例看徐鍇對假借問題的認識 --- p.139-153 / Chapter 第八節 --- 徐鍇與清人有關假借問題的比較 --- p.153-162 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.163-167 / 註釋 --- p.168-198 / 參考書目 --- p.199-212 / 《說文繫傳》聲訓字例表凡例 --- p.213-215 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 《說文繫傳》聲訓字例表 --- p.215-234 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 《說文繫傳》聲訓上下字聲音關係表 --- p.244 / 《說文繫傳》假借字例表凡例 --- p.245-246 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 《說文繫傳》假借字例表 --- p.247-270 / Chapter 附錄四 --- 《說文繫傳》假借字例 中本字與假借字的聲音關係表 --- p.271

by Chan Suk-hang, Regge, Tse Yuen-yee, Pamela. / Abstracts also in Chinses / Bibliography: leaves 148-150 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1983

As human beings we are continually interacting with the landscape, and have been doing so throughout the entire course of our evolution. This thesis specifically investigates the way in which hunter-gatherers negotiate and interact with their landscapes, focusing on three patterns of behaviour: wayfinding, mapmaking and territoriality. An examination of the relevant international literature reveals that globally, hunter-gatherer groups both past and present share a number of similarities with regard to their wayfinding and mapmaking techniques, territorial behaviour. A case study of Maori interaction with the landscape of prehistoric and protohistoric Te Wai Pounamu [the South Island] provides further support for the central argument that hunter-gatherers collectively negotiate and interact with the landscape in distinctive ways. This is contrasted with the interaction of European explorers and travellers with the 19th century landscape of Te Wai Pounamu in Chapter 5. It is determined that hunter-gatherers use detailed cognitive or 'mental' maps to navigate their way through a range of landscape from dense forests to barren plains. These maps often consist of sequences of place names that represent trails. These cognitive maps are most commonly developed through direct interaction with the landscape, but can also be formed vicariously through ephemeral maps drawn with the purpose of communicating geographical knowledge. Prior to European contact, little importance seems to have been given to artefactual or 'permanent' maps within hunter-gatherer societies as the process of mapmaking was generally regarded as more significant than the actual product. Although the literature on hunter-gatherer territoriality is complex and in some cases conflicting, it is contended that among a number of hunter-gatherer groups, including prehistoric and protohistoric Maori in Te Wai Pounamu, interaction and negotiation with the landscape was/is not restricted to exclusive territories marked by rigidly defined boundaries. Among these groups, a specific method of territoriality known as 'social boundry defence' was/is employed. This involves controlling access to the social group inhabiting an area rather than access to the area itself, as with groups utilising the territorial method of 'perimeter defence'.