Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:00:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 daniel.pdf: 9098139 bytes, checksum: 2f39d83fb4cc669dd0467e0653818933 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present text discusses the photography as narratives vehicle. Starting from the photographs collection produced by the agricultural expert Armínio Kaiser between 1957 and 1970 at the north area of Paraná State coffee plantations, and from this collection (re)emergence context in the social circuit, because of the cultural projects called Revelações da História (History Revelations) and Grãos de ouro em sais de prata (Golden granes on silver salts), which have been developed in Londrina-PR between 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, respectively. While the first one developed recovery, preservation actions over the material of 1291 photographic negatives, and diffused it across several ways, the second one searched through Londrina rural districts registering on vídeo the testimonies from coffee growers around 139 Arminio Kaiser s photographs. The photographer Armínio Kaiser (the operator, on Roland Bathes conception) relations with the photographs were thought not only about the production moment, as well as the moment of its heritage turn , after decades. At the same time, the narratives produced by the coffee growers were presented and analyzed when they make contact with the Kaiser s photographic registers (these are the spectator narratives). Finally, searching to build an historical narrative which includes multiple image appropriations since the photographer until the observer contemplations the present work prints the necessary thought about the photographic and spoken discourses themselves on the historical text, as the ways to operate on stands and language translations observing a point of view from the Present Times History / A presente dissertação discute a fotografia como vetor de narrativas. Parte-se de um conjunto de fotografias produzidas pelo agrônomo Armínio Kaiser entre 1957 e 1970 nas lavouras de café do norte do Paraná, e do contexto de (re)emergência deste acervo no circuito social, a partir dos projetos culturais Revelações da História e Grãos de ouro em sais de prata , realizados na cidade de Londrina-PR entre 2007-2008 e 2008-2009, respectivamente. Enquanto o primeiro projeto desenvolveu ações de recuperação, preservação e difusão do bem material (1291 negativos) através de diferentes meios, o segundo percorreu distritos da zona rural de Londrina, a registrar em vídeo depoimentos de trabalhadores e ex-trabalhadores do café em torno de 139 fotografias de Armínio Kaiser. São problematizadas as relações do produtor das fotografias (Armínio Kaiser, o operator, na conceituação de Roland Barthes) com o material produzido, não só no momento da produção como, décadas depois, no da sua patrimonialização . Ao mesmo tempo, são apresentadas e analisadas as narrativas geradas por trabalhadores e ex-trabalhadores do café no contato com registros fotográficos de Kaiser (as narrativas do spectator). Finalmente, a busca pela construção de uma narrativa histórica que contemple as múltiplas apropriações da imagem operadas desde o fotógrafo até sua contemplação por um observador - imprime a necessidade de se pensar a própria presença da fotografia e da oralidade no texto histórico, bem como o modo de se operar as traduções de suporte e linguagem numa perspectiva da História do Tempo Presente

Estudos experimentais realizados por alguns autores abordaram os mecanismos de deformação nas gipsitas, tais como o fluxo plástico e a dissolução por pressão. Ainda assim, é pequeno o conhecimento do comportamento mecânico das rochas de gipso. Nesta tese foram estudados os mecanismos de deformação lenta em gipsitas bandadas da Formação Santana da Chapada de Araripe com uso da técnica de emissão acústica. Adotou-se este procedimento como técnica indireta de detecção do processo de microfissuramento, para evitar mudanças que ocorrem na microestrutura durante seu descarregamento e preparação de amostras para sua observação por técnicas diretas. Realizaram-se ensaios de fluência de curto e longo prazo numa prensa hidráulica servocontrolada MTS 815 e em conjunto modulares (torres individuais) em um laboratório de fluência especialmente equipado. Encontrou-se que o mecanismo do microfissuramento está fortemente influenciado por processos de cicatrização durante ensaios de fluência de longo prazo. Devido ao processo de cicatrização da microfissura, a fluência terciaria nunca foi alcançada, mesmo em corpos de prova carregados com até 95% da resistência à compressão uniaxial. Nesta tese outros resultados importantes foram alcançados como: identificar que o fenômeno de microfissuramento para a rocha em questão é detectado por fenômenos de emissão acústica de freqüências intermediárias (de 100 a 400 kHz) e constatar que o efeito Kaiser se manifesta neste tipo de rochas de modo inequívoco para solicitações rápidas, enquanto após ensaios de fluência de longa duração, não mais se manifesta, por causa da cicatrização. Ou seja, corpos de prova submetidos mais uma vez à compressão uniaxial após o descarregamento, voltam a apresentar eventos de emissão acústica e, conseqüentemente, a geração de novas microfissuras. Este fato somente pode ser explicado por um processo de cicatrização da microfissura durante a fluência de longo prazo. Esta cicatrização, devido a fenômenos físico-químicos, apresentou outros indícios como um aumento no módulo de elasticidade após ensaios de fluência, quando comparado aos valores antes do ensaio, e mesmo um endurecimento (aumento da resistência à compressão uniaxial) também após a fluência. Esclareceu-se também de modo inequívoco que o descarregamento provoca o progresso do microfissuramento. Além dos sinais característicos do microfissuramento, constatou-se que o módulo de elasticidade, medido nos mesmos níveis de tensão, é mais alto antes que depois do descarregamento. O decréscimo de rigidez é indício do processo de dano por microfissuramento. / Experimental studies by several authors have shown some of the key deformation mechanisms in gypsum, such as plastic flow and pressure dissolution. Even so, there is still sparse knowledge about the mechanical behavior of natural gypsum rocks. Creep mechanisms of the banded gypsum rock of Santana Formation from the Chapada do Araripe (Santana Formation) in creep tests were studied with acoustic emission technique correlating the stress levels related to microcracking to the energy release associated with these mechanisms. This procedure was adopted as an indirect technique of detection of the microcracking process, to prevent changes that occur in the microstructure during unloading and in sample preparation for its observations with direct techniques. Short and long-term creep tests were carried out in an MTS 815 servo-controlled testing system and in modular sets (single towers) in a specially equipped creep laboratory. It was found that the microcrack mechanism is strongly influenced by healing processes during long-term creep. Due to the microcrack healing process, tertiary creep was never reached, even in specimens loaded with up to 95% of the uniaxial compressive strength. In this thesis other important results were reached as: to identify that the microcracking phenomenon for the rock in question is detected by acoustic emission phenomena of intermediate frequencies (from 100 to 400 kHz) and to evidence that the Kaiser effect unequivocally manifests in this type of rock when subjected to quick loads, while after long-term creep tests, it is no longer evidenced on account of healing. In other words, the specimens subjected once again to uniaxial compression after unloading, again show acoustic emission events and therefore the generation of new microcracks. This fact can only be explained by a microcrack healing process during long-term creep. This healing, due to physical-chemical phenomena, presented other indications as an increase in the modulus of elasticity after creep tests, when compared to the values before the test, and even a hardening (increase of the uniaxial compressive strength) also after the creep. It was also clarified in unequivocal way that the unloading provokes microcracking progress. In addition to the microcracking characteristic indications, it was found that the modulus of elasticity, when measured at the same stress levels, is higher before unloading than after the unloading. The stiffness decrease is indication of the microcracking damage process.

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Geschichte der Deutschen Forschungshochschule, von ihrer Gründung 1947 bis zu ihrer Auflösung 1953. Nach dem Ende des 2. Weltkrieges kam es auf Seiten der amerikanischen Militärregierung zu Überlegungen, wie die in Berlin gelegenen Forschungsinstitute erhalten werden konnten. Vertreter der amerikanischen Militärregierung entwickelten den Plan, diese Forschungseinrichtungen nach dem Vorbild der amerikanischen „Schools of Advanced Studies“ zu einer völlig neuen Art von qualifizierten Hochschule zusammenzufassen, an welcher die Forschung mit der Lehre und Ausbildung verbunden werden sollte. Bereits zu Beginn der Planungen schlug der Deutschen Forschungshochschule von verschiedenen Seiten Widerstand entgegen, unter anderem von Seiten der Kaiser-Wilhelm-/Max-Planck-Gesellschaft aber auch von Seiten der westdeutschen Hochschulen. Mit der Gründung der Freien Universität erfuhr die Deutsche Forschungshochschule dann einen weiteren Bedeutungsverlust. Allerdings scheiterte die Forschungshochschule nicht nur an den äußeren Widerständen. Auch die Wissenschaftler der aufgenommen Institute selbst, sahen sich nicht als Teil eines neuen reformierten Hochschultypus, einer Ausbildungsstätte für den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs, sondern weiterhin als reine Forschungsinstitute. Bereits 1953 erfolgte dann die Auflösung der Deutschen Forschungshochschule, ohne dass sie jemals die in sie gesetzten Erwartungen tatsächlich erfüllen konnte. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit konnte herausgefunden werden, dass die Idee zur Gründung einer neuen Art qualifizierten Ausbildungsstätte ursprünglich auf den 1945 zum vorläufigen Leiter der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft ernannten Robert Havemann zurückgeht. Bereits 1946 hatte er einen Plan zur Rettung der in Berlin-Dahlem gelegenen Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute ausgearbeitet, der vorsah, diese Institute zum Kern einer neuartigen wissenschaftlichen Hochschule zu machen. / This dissertation discusses the history of the German research school, the so called “Deutsche Forschungshochschule“, from its establishment in 1947 until its dissolution in 1953. After the end of World War II, the American military government debated how to preserve the research institutes situated in Berlin. Representatives of the American military government developed a plan to transform these research institutes and remodel them after the American Schools of Advanced Studies, and to create a completely new type of qualified school in which research as well as teaching and training would be combined. Right from the start of the planning process, the Deutsche Forschungshochschule faced opposition from different sides, for example from the Kaiser-Wilhelm-/Max-Planck-Society and the universities in West Germany. The Deutsche Forschungshochschule lost further ground due to the new founding of another university, the Freie Universität. The Forschungshochschule failed to succeed not only due to external opposition. Scientist of the affiliated institutes within the Forschungshochschule did not consider themselves as part of a newly reformed type of school with a focus on education and training for young academics. Instead, they continued to consider themselves as research-only institutes. By 1953, the dissolution of the Deutsche Forschungshochschule set in, with the school failing to reach any of its expectations. This dissertation reveals that the idea for the establishment of a new type of qualified school was originated by Robert Havemann, who had been elected head of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Society in 1945. He had already worked out a plan for the rescue of the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institutes in Berlin-Dahlem in 1946. His plan had intended to integrate the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institutes into a new type of research school.

Estudos experimentais realizados por alguns autores abordaram os mecanismos de deformação nas gipsitas, tais como o fluxo plástico e a dissolução por pressão. Ainda assim, é pequeno o conhecimento do comportamento mecânico das rochas de gipso. Nesta tese foram estudados os mecanismos de deformação lenta em gipsitas bandadas da Formação Santana da Chapada de Araripe com uso da técnica de emissão acústica. Adotou-se este procedimento como técnica indireta de detecção do processo de microfissuramento, para evitar mudanças que ocorrem na microestrutura durante seu descarregamento e preparação de amostras para sua observação por técnicas diretas. Realizaram-se ensaios de fluência de curto e longo prazo numa prensa hidráulica servocontrolada MTS 815 e em conjunto modulares (torres individuais) em um laboratório de fluência especialmente equipado. Encontrou-se que o mecanismo do microfissuramento está fortemente influenciado por processos de cicatrização durante ensaios de fluência de longo prazo. Devido ao processo de cicatrização da microfissura, a fluência terciaria nunca foi alcançada, mesmo em corpos de prova carregados com até 95% da resistência à compressão uniaxial. Nesta tese outros resultados importantes foram alcançados como: identificar que o fenômeno de microfissuramento para a rocha em questão é detectado por fenômenos de emissão acústica de freqüências intermediárias (de 100 a 400 kHz) e constatar que o efeito Kaiser se manifesta neste tipo de rochas de modo inequívoco para solicitações rápidas, enquanto após ensaios de fluência de longa duração, não mais se manifesta, por causa da cicatrização. Ou seja, corpos de prova submetidos mais uma vez à compressão uniaxial após o descarregamento, voltam a apresentar eventos de emissão acústica e, conseqüentemente, a geração de novas microfissuras. Este fato somente pode ser explicado por um processo de cicatrização da microfissura durante a fluência de longo prazo. Esta cicatrização, devido a fenômenos físico-químicos, apresentou outros indícios como um aumento no módulo de elasticidade após ensaios de fluência, quando comparado aos valores antes do ensaio, e mesmo um endurecimento (aumento da resistência à compressão uniaxial) também após a fluência. Esclareceu-se também de modo inequívoco que o descarregamento provoca o progresso do microfissuramento. Além dos sinais característicos do microfissuramento, constatou-se que o módulo de elasticidade, medido nos mesmos níveis de tensão, é mais alto antes que depois do descarregamento. O decréscimo de rigidez é indício do processo de dano por microfissuramento. / Experimental studies by several authors have shown some of the key deformation mechanisms in gypsum, such as plastic flow and pressure dissolution. Even so, there is still sparse knowledge about the mechanical behavior of natural gypsum rocks. Creep mechanisms of the banded gypsum rock of Santana Formation from the Chapada do Araripe (Santana Formation) in creep tests were studied with acoustic emission technique correlating the stress levels related to microcracking to the energy release associated with these mechanisms. This procedure was adopted as an indirect technique of detection of the microcracking process, to prevent changes that occur in the microstructure during unloading and in sample preparation for its observations with direct techniques. Short and long-term creep tests were carried out in an MTS 815 servo-controlled testing system and in modular sets (single towers) in a specially equipped creep laboratory. It was found that the microcrack mechanism is strongly influenced by healing processes during long-term creep. Due to the microcrack healing process, tertiary creep was never reached, even in specimens loaded with up to 95% of the uniaxial compressive strength. In this thesis other important results were reached as: to identify that the microcracking phenomenon for the rock in question is detected by acoustic emission phenomena of intermediate frequencies (from 100 to 400 kHz) and to evidence that the Kaiser effect unequivocally manifests in this type of rock when subjected to quick loads, while after long-term creep tests, it is no longer evidenced on account of healing. In other words, the specimens subjected once again to uniaxial compression after unloading, again show acoustic emission events and therefore the generation of new microcracks. This fact can only be explained by a microcrack healing process during long-term creep. This healing, due to physical-chemical phenomena, presented other indications as an increase in the modulus of elasticity after creep tests, when compared to the values before the test, and even a hardening (increase of the uniaxial compressive strength) also after the creep. It was also clarified in unequivocal way that the unloading provokes microcracking progress. In addition to the microcracking characteristic indications, it was found that the modulus of elasticity, when measured at the same stress levels, is higher before unloading than after the unloading. The stiffness decrease is indication of the microcracking damage process.

Orientador: Carlos Roberto Padovani / Banca: Adalberto José Crocci / Banca: Luiz Gonzaga Manzine / Resumo: Os experimentos agronômicos, em geral, apresentam uma quantidade razoável de variáveis observadas e uma complexa estrutura de variação entre e dentro dessas variáveis. Essa estrutura de variação acarreta uma dificuldade para a utilização dos procedimentos requeridos pelo modelo estatístico, em virtude do difícil acesso a programas computacionais para a análise dos dados multivariados. Uma alternativa para redimensionar a quantidade de variáveis consiste na técnica dos componentes principais, que consegue descrever um conjunto com um número menor de variáveis não correlacionadas entre si, ordenadas de maneira decrescente pelas magnitudes das variâncias, de tal forma que a variância total do conjunto inicial seja preservada. Em síntese, a prática da análise de componentes principais é considerada sob o objetivo da redução do espaço paramétrico. Uma das dificuldades encontrada pelos pesquisadores no uso da técnica dos componentes principais, consiste na determinação do número de componentes que deve ser utilizado na redução do espaço paramétrico. Dentre alguns métodos exploratórios discutidos foram apresentados quatro critérios para a escolha do número de componentes principais os quais retem de forma qualificada, a informação contida nas variáveis originais. Neste sentido, foi proposto no presente estudo, a elaboração de um programa computacional, desenvolvido em linguagem MAPLE V.3 e CLIPPER 5.1, de fácil manuseio e acessível a todos os pesquisadores das áreas agronômicas. Visando a operacionalização do aplicativo e a utilização dos procedimentos de análise multivariada, finalizou-se o estudo apresentando dois exemplos envolvendo situações observadas na literatura agronômica, onde no primeiro faz-se uma abordagem pela metodologia univariada e pela utilização de componentes principais por processo gráfico, e no segundo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The agronomical experiments, in general, introduce a reasonable quantity of observed variables and a variation complex structure between and within these variables. This variation structure carries a difficulty for the utilization of the procedures required by the statistical model, in view of the difficult access for computational programs for the analysis of the multivariate data. An option for redimensionate the quantity of variable consists in the technique of the principal components, which manages to describe a set with a smaller number of variable not correlated to each other, ordenate of decreasing way by the magnitudes of the variances, of such a form that the total variance of the initial set be preserved. In synthesis, the practice of the analysis of principal components is considered under the objective of the reduction of the parametric space. One of the difficulties found by the researchers in the use of the technique of the principal components, it consists in the determination of the number of components that should be used in the reduction of the parametric space. Among some argued exploratory methods were introduced four criteria for the choice of the number of principal components the ones retain of form qualified, the information contained in the original variables. In this sense, it was proposed at study present, the elaboration of a computational program, developed in language MAPLE V.3 and CLIPPER 5.1, of easy handling and accessible to all the researchers of the agronomical areas. Aiming at operationalization of the application and the utilization of the multivariate analysis procedures, it was concluded the study introducing two examples involving situations observed in the agronomical literature, where in the first an approach is done by the univariate methodology and by the utilization of principal components for prosecute graph, and in the second... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This thesis is concerned with changes over time in the social characteristics of doctors who have entered prepaid group health plans. It focuses on the past social positions which these doctors have occupied and on their status, or rank. The general expectation is that both the rank and positions occupied by doctors prior to entering prepaid group plans have varied as the prestige of these plans has varied. The entrance of physicians into prepaid group health plans was conceptualized as mobility between different contexts of work. Blau’s exchange theory of mobility proved to be the most fruitful source of hypotheses for this study. Blau states that extrinsic rewards are the major incentives for mobility and that intrinsic rewards interact with extrinsic rewards in influencing mobility. From these basic propositions two hypotheses were generated: 1) As the status of prepaid group health plans increases, the status of physicians entering these plans will increase. 2) As the status of prepaid group health plans increases, high status recruits will less frequently come from positions offering intrinsic rewards similar to those found in prepaid group plans. The design of this research was a longitudinal case study. Data were obtained relevant to one prepaid group health plan, the Portland Kaiser Foundation Health Plan. The universe included all physicians who had practiced as full-time, salaried staff in Kaiser at any time since 1945 when Kaiser was first opened to the public. Indicators were obtained from various sources of data. The Kaiser personnel records provided data on physicians’ social characteristics. Data on the status of Kaiser came from an official salary schedule and records of personnel advertisements. Informants were used to rank medical schools and the AMA’s Directory of Approved Internships and Residencies provided a ranking of teaching hospitals. The evidence for the first hypothesis was generally negative. The data indicated that although the status of Kaiser had increased over the years, the status of physicians entering Kaiser had decreased. This conclusion was reached on the basis of findings using prestige of medical school as an indicator for physicians’ achieved status as well as findings using nationality and length of practice as indicators for their ascribed status. Thus, the first hypothesis of this study had to be rejected. The evidence for the second hypothesis was inconclusive: it indicated that as the status of Kaiser increased, the percentage of high status recruits from certain positions with intrinsic rewards similar to Kaiser’s decreased, whereas the percentage from other positions increased. High status physicians have less frequently entered Kaiser a) having held positions emphasizing the scientific aspects of care, b) having memberships in scientific or specialty societies, c) having changed the location of their practice, and d) having changed their specialty. They have more frequently entered Kaiser a) having had postgraduate training b )having had at least five years of training, c) having held jobs in bureaucratic contexts, d) having graduated from medical schools in the North Central and Western states, and e) having engaged in two of more different types of activities. In sum, it was unclear whether the second hypothesis should be accepted or rejected.

Univ., Habil.-Schr.--München, 2002.

No description available.

This dissertation examines the Christ-centered homiletics of Edmund Clowney and Sidney Greidanus in contrast with the human author-centered hermeneutics of Walter Kaiser. Chapter 1 frames the dissertation by presenting the consequence of preaching and the marks of redemptive-historical preaching. Chapter 2 presents Walter Kaiser's author-centered hermeneutic. Kaiser's hermeneutic is presented because it is used as a plumb line to assess if and how redemptive-historical preaching drifts from an author-centered hermeneutic. Chapter 3 introduces Edmund Clowney as one of the seminal thinkers in redemptive-historical preaching. It considers Clowney's Christ-centered biblical theology and how that informs his use of symbolism and typology to preach Christ. Chapter 4 juxtaposes Greidanus' seven ways of preaching Christ from the Old Testament alongside Kaiser's author-centered hermeneutic. Attention is also given to Greidanus' sermons from the Old Testament. Chapter 5 presents summary conclusions, documenting some of the frequent cleavages between Kaiser and redemptive-historical preaching. It concludes with ways to implement the dissertation findings for preaching the Old Testament.

Das Essay untersucht anhand der einschlägigen Forschungsdiskussion die Frage, inwiefern die beiden städtischen bzw. kaiserlichen Institutionen der curatores civitatis und defensores civitatis als Zeichen für einen spätantiken Zwangsstaat gewertet werden können oder vielmehr Elemente städtischer Autonomie undmit solchen kaiserlicher Fürsorge vereinten.