Ce mémoire présente des résultats de régularité pour des problèmes d'équations aux dérivées partielles paraboliques. Dans la première partie nous nous intéressons à des problèmes à frontière libre issus du problème de<br />l'obstacle parabolique à coefficients variables. Nous montrons des résultats de régularité de la solution et de la frontière libre. Cette étude utilise des méthodes d'explosion et des formules de monotonie. La seconde partie est consacrée à l'étude d'un problème issu de la modélisation de l'agrégation en biologie : le système de<br />Keller-Segel. En utilisant une énergie libre, nous montrons l'existence d'une masse critique en deçà de laquelle les solutions existent et au delà de laquelle elles explosent en temps fini. Nous précisons leur comportement asymptotique, dans le cas où les solutions existent en temps long.

The industrial food production system is a head-on collision of ecology, morality, and human health, and their respective bodies of earth, animal and human. This thesis is an attempt to grapple with that damage from a theological perspective. What would it mean for a theology to answer to the degradation of American soil that sustains nothing but oil-drenched monoculture? to the horrifying conditions under which we as a nation raise, feed, and slaughter the animals for our consumption? to the dizzying array of food-related diseases that now affect our country in staggering frequency, particularly among lower socioeconomic classes? And what would that theology look like in the real world? The first chapter of this thesis surveys the damage done to earth, animal and human bodies by the industrial food system. A discussion of corn, the backbone of the entire system, and its effects on the land leads into a discussion of corn-fed animals and the conditions under which they live. In the final section, some of the health effects directly traceable to eating industrial food are overviewed. The second chapter highlights and examines three groups of people who, often for theological reasons, are growing food in alternative ways: ways that not only do not harm bodies, but sustain them and help them to thrive. The third chapter is a set of theological reflections on the first two, in which I try to pin down some essential theological differences between the first two chapters, and bring in theologians who are helpful in this enterprise. The four theological points I discuss are taking bodies seriously, a panentheistic approach to the world, interrelatedness and the presence of complexity, and mutuality and relational power.

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Diss. New York Univ., 2008.

Diss. New York Univ., 2008.

Esta pesquisa está marcada pela fala dos surdos e comentários que faço sobre as mesmas, trazendo as representações que fazem sobre as Fronteiras da escola especial. Foi realizada na cidade de Caxias do Sul, na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Helen Keller, trazendo depoimentos de surdos do Ensino Médio, Ensino Fundamental e instrutores surdos que trabalham na escola. A partir destes depoimentos, faço uma incursão teórica dentro da referida instituição, trazendo o cotidiano da mesma, a partir de como os alunos se vêem representados dentro dela e como esta faz a representação dos surdos e da surdez. Não trata-se de uma releitura de falas, mas sim uma imersão nestas Fronteiras, que ficam veladas nas ações que são vivenciadas pelos surdos. Assim, através destas narrativas, trago reflexões acerca da educação de surdos, e as marcas do Pós-colonialismo, imersos nas falas de quem participa de um processo, sem muito interagir ou participar das decisões ouvintistas que ainda permeiam um trabalho educacional.

Esta pesquisa está marcada pela fala dos surdos e comentários que faço sobre as mesmas, trazendo as representações que fazem sobre as Fronteiras da escola especial. Foi realizada na cidade de Caxias do Sul, na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Helen Keller, trazendo depoimentos de surdos do Ensino Médio, Ensino Fundamental e instrutores surdos que trabalham na escola. A partir destes depoimentos, faço uma incursão teórica dentro da referida instituição, trazendo o cotidiano da mesma, a partir de como os alunos se vêem representados dentro dela e como esta faz a representação dos surdos e da surdez. Não trata-se de uma releitura de falas, mas sim uma imersão nestas Fronteiras, que ficam veladas nas ações que são vivenciadas pelos surdos. Assim, através destas narrativas, trago reflexões acerca da educação de surdos, e as marcas do Pós-colonialismo, imersos nas falas de quem participa de um processo, sem muito interagir ou participar das decisões ouvintistas que ainda permeiam um trabalho educacional.

Esta pesquisa está marcada pela fala dos surdos e comentários que faço sobre as mesmas, trazendo as representações que fazem sobre as Fronteiras da escola especial. Foi realizada na cidade de Caxias do Sul, na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Helen Keller, trazendo depoimentos de surdos do Ensino Médio, Ensino Fundamental e instrutores surdos que trabalham na escola. A partir destes depoimentos, faço uma incursão teórica dentro da referida instituição, trazendo o cotidiano da mesma, a partir de como os alunos se vêem representados dentro dela e como esta faz a representação dos surdos e da surdez. Não trata-se de uma releitura de falas, mas sim uma imersão nestas Fronteiras, que ficam veladas nas ações que são vivenciadas pelos surdos. Assim, através destas narrativas, trago reflexões acerca da educação de surdos, e as marcas do Pós-colonialismo, imersos nas falas de quem participa de um processo, sem muito interagir ou participar das decisões ouvintistas que ainda permeiam um trabalho educacional.

This thesis is an analytical exploration of the influence of medieval theology on contemporary scholastic traditionalist polemics within Sunni Islam. Intra-Sunni sectarian polemics as an emerging area of study is relatively untouched as opposed to sectarian violence. A detailed mapping of the theological terrain from the genesis of Sunni ‘orthodoxy’ and the perennial tensions within the classical theological tradition and how they have manifested parochially into the contemporary scholastic traditionalist trends of the Barelwi, Deobandi, Ahl-i-Ḥadīth and Wahhābī within the backdrop of the Sufi-Salafi contestation of Sunni authenticity is timely. Concern regarding growing extremism prompted Muslim Ulama, academics and political leaders to create unity initiatives such as the Amman Message and the Sunni Pledge in dealing with this problem and also delineating ‘orthodoxy’. The theological basis for these neo-credos can be explained as doctrinal ‘minimalism’. Minimalism is a growing social construction of scholastic traditionalists through which the warring factions are attempting to salvage the historical continuity with ‘orthodoxy’ and placate Sunni infighting. The thesis aims to examine the theological veracity of the minimalism project and explore its doctrinal, methodological and ethical facets. Polemicism and excommunication is the current state of affairs within Sunni theological discourse. Minimalism is deemed as the antidote to this problem.

Ce travail est consacré à l’étude de quelques questions issues de la modélisation des systèmes biologiques en combinant des outils analytiques et probabilistes. Dans la première partie, nous nous intéressons à la dérivation des équations de champ moyen associées aux réseaux de neurones, ainsi qu’à l’étude de la convergence vers l’équilibre des solutions. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous utilisons la méthode de couplage pour démontrer la propagation du chaos pour un réseau neuronal avec délais et avec une architecture aléatoire. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous considérons une équation cinétique du type FitzHugh-Nagumo. Nous analysons l'existence de solutions et prouvons la convergence exponentielle dans les régimes de faible connectivité. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions le rôle des homéoprotéines (HPs) sur la robustesse des bords des aires fonctionnelles. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous proposons un modèle général du développement neuronal. Nous prouvons qu'en l'absence de diffusion, les HPs sont exprimées dans des régions irrégulières. Mais en présence de diffusion, même arbitrairement faible, des frontières bien définies émergent. Dans le Chapitre 5, nous considérons le modèle général dans le cas unidimensionnel et prouvons l'existence de solutions stationnaires monotones définissant un point d'intersection unique aussi faible que soit le coefficient de diffusion. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous étudions une équation de Keller-Segel sous-critique. Nous démontrons la propagation du chaos sans aucune restriction sur le noyau de force. En outre, nous démontrons que la propagation du chaos a lieu dans le sens de l’entropie. / This work is devoted to the study of mathematical questions arising from the modeling of biological systems combining analytic and probabilistic tools. In the first part, we are interested in the derivation of the mean-field equations related to some neuronal networks, and in the study of the convergence to the equilibria of the solutions to the limit equations. In Chapter 2, we use the coupling method to prove the chaos propagation for a neuronal network with delays and random architecture. In Chapter 3, we consider a kinetic FitzHugh-Nagumo equation. We analyze the existence of solutions and prove the nonlinear exponential convergence in the weak connectivity regime. In the second part, we study the role of homeoproteins (HPs) on the robustness of boundaries of functional areas. In Chapter 4, we propose a general model for neuronal development. We prove that in the absence of diffusion, the HPs are expressed on irregular areas. But in presence of diffusion, even arbitrarily small, well defined boundaries emerge. In Chapter 5, we consider the general model in the one dimensional case and prove the existence of monotonic stationary solutions defining a unique intersection point for any arbitrarily small diffusion coefficient. Finally, in the third part, we study a subcritical Keller-Segel equation. We show the chaos propagation without any restriction on the force kernel. Eventually, we demonstrate that the propagation of chaos holds in the entropic sense.