Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law) / The decision by countries to relax the common law doctrines of maintenance and champerty to accommodate Third Party Funding (TPF) in dispute resolution has sparked a worldwide debate. The controversial practice of funding disputes in exchange for a share of a successful outcome or settlement has left courts and administering institutions in a compromising position. South Africa joined the debate in 2004 after the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) relaxed the application of the doctrines in favour of TPF. The SCA found that domestic courts have the necessary mechanisms to protect themselves against any repercussions of TPF without the assistance of the doctrines. The SCA limited their search to the abilities of the courts and did not consider the effect TPF could have on other dispute resolution processes such as arbitration. This study seeks to discover whether arbitration can protect itself against the repercussions of TPF. It further questions the possibility of adopting regulations to aid in the protection of arbitration should the current mechanisms be insufficient.

The main aim of this PhD research was to explore the cultural differences in moral judgment, moral behaviour, moral identity, and cultural values between Saudi Arabia and United Kingdom. Furthermore, I was interested in the psychological factors affecting morality in those two cultures. The first study aimed to achieve the following objectives: to understand people’s moral judgment in Saudi Arabia and the UK, to investigate whether and how personality traits and cultural values affect moral judgment in five moral foundations (harm avoidance, justice, ingroup, authority, purity), and to investigate whether personality traits and cultural values are related differently or similarly across Saudi and UK cultures. The findings of the study revealed that Saudi and British participants differed with regard to their foundation-specific moral judgments. Saudi participants were more likely to endorse moral foundations in the domains of intergroup relations, authority, and purity. However, there were no cross-cultural differences in the domains of harm avoidance and justice. Moreover, the results showed that the effect of personality traits and cultural values on morality varied. Harm and fairness foundations were predicted by personality traits while ingroup, authority, purity foundations were predicted by values. The second study investigated whether foundation-related moral behaviour was affected by moral judgment and people’s moral identity in a cross-cultural context comparing adults from the UK and Saudi Arabia. Findings of this study resulted in no cross-cultural differences between the two samples concerning moral judgment in the care and justice foundations. Furthermore, no cultural differences were found between the two samples concerning moral behaviour in the five foundations. In addition, moral identity mediated the relationship between moral judgment and allocations in the dictator game. The third study investigated the relationship between (dis-) honest behaviour, moral judgment and moral identity in two different cultures, namely Saudi Arabia and the UK. It has been found that there are no statistically significant differences in honest behaviour between Saudi Arabia and the UK. Furthermore, deception was not predicted or correlated significantly with any of the five foundation-specific moral judgments across both cultural samples. However, culture moderated the relationship between deception and moral judgment in harm and authority moral foundations. Additionally, moral sensitivity did not mediate the relationship between moral judgments and dishonesty. The forth study explored the link between moral foundation violations (harm, justice, ingroup, authority, and purity) and anger, disgust, sadness, apathy, guilt, contempt, shame, resentment, and embarrassment emotions. Findings showed that the violations of harm, and justice foundations triggered anger and Violations of purity foundation triggered disgust. The results show no cultural differences in the assignments of the violations made by both samples. Saudi and UK participants’ classifications were in agreement with the original classifications of the 40 violations by Graham et al. (2009). However, we found cross-cultural differences in the relationship between emotions and moral foundation violations.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the methodology of the teaching idioms in UK, especially the teaching of Spanish as a second language. Once the situation of learning Spanish is described, some exercises will be presented owing to the fact that they follow the communicative method, and the English system of education. In these activities, the four skills are important, but the oral expression is going to be more practised, due to the fact that it is very complicated for the students, due to the difficulty for English speakers. In these activities, the public exams are going to be into account, since the students must pass them in the different levels. The content presented in those exams is the one that appear in this thesis. To conclude, some advises are presented for preparing this exercises, based on my own experience as a Spanish Assistant that I had in the year 2014-2015.

An increasing demand for food, and in particular animal products, is putting high pressure on natural resources, often at places distant from the consumption. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients in food production but an excessive use can cause environmental impacts such as eutrophication that can harm ecosystems services vital to local communities. This study developed sub-national spatially explicit N and P footprints that were extended with an assessment of nutrient leaching risk and risk of impact on biodiversity. The consumption of N and P in Brazilian soybean production at municipal level was estimated for the whole of Brazil as well as for UK soybean demand. This was then combined with the risk of nutrient leaching (Nrisk and Prisk) and species richness (Nbio and Pbio). The results showed high Nbio and Pbio in Mato Grosso, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul. The same analysis of the effects of UK soybean demand showed a higher risk of impacts in Rondônia and less in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul compared to total Brazilian soybean production. A municipal case study showed that the demand of Brazilian soybean in the UK, EU, and China generated different spatial patterns of impact risks at municipal level. Spatially explicit footprints that also encompass risks of impacts are important for being able to identify the responsible consumer and parts of the supply chain where sustainability interventions will be most effective. There are several opportunities for future development within this research field as data availability is continuingly increasing.

O pensamento teológico de Aço, publicado em diferentes meios impressos, entre 1964 e 1992, representa uma contribuição para a reflexão teológica e a prática pastoral da Igreja Metodista, considerando os conceitos de Reino de Deus e de Missão. Desde jovem sua preocupação com a justiça e a dignidade das pessoas o levou a lutar por uma Igreja voltada para os empobrecidos e solidária com as pessoas socialmente excluídas. Esta tese se desenvolve em três capítulos, tendo o primeiro como uma apresentação biográfica de Aço, abrangendo desde o seu nascimento em Angola, na África, em 1935, até o seu falecimento trágico em acidente automobilístico, em 1991, acentuando o trabalho missionário que desenvolveu entre as escolas rurais de Angola e seu esforço para desafiar a Igreja Metodista à prática da Teologia da Libertação. O segundo capítulo trata do seu conceito sobre Reino de Deus no qual há espaço para todas as pessoas, enfatizando o lugar dos empobrecidos neste Reino. O último capítulo se reporta ao seu conceito de Missão como um desafio à Igreja para que se envolva empaticamente com os empobrecidos, tornando-os conscientes de sua cidadania neste Reino. / The theological thinking of Aço, published in different printed media between 1964 and 1992, represents a contribution to the theological reflection and to the pastoral practices of the Methodist Church, considering the concepts of Kingdom of God and mission. Since his youth, his concern with justice and peoples dignity has led him to fight for a Church directed toward the poor and sympathetic with the socially excluded. This thesis is presented in three chapters. The first covers biographical information, since Aços birth in Angola, Africa, in 1935, until his tragic death in a car accident in 1991, focusing his missionary work developed in the agricultural schools of Angola and his effort to defy the Methodist Church to practice the Liberation Theology. The second chapter deals with his concept of Gods Kingdom, in which theres room for all people emphasizing the place of the poor. The last chapter relates his concept of mission as a challenge to the Church to be simpathically envolved with the poor making them aware of their citizenship in this Kingdom.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zeni_hfm_me_mar.pdf: 303795 bytes, checksum: ab93f1e9b7852737402a8723e0685af7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho trata da atuação do pastor Luis Jorge Pereira Pontes, da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, na Câmara de Marília, no mandato de 2001 a 2004. O pastor foi o candidato mais votado no pleito de 2000 e a sua eleição chamou a atenção dos veículos de comunicação na cidade. Esta dissertação analisa a atuação da Igreja Universal na política local por meio de um estudo de caso. / This work is about the performance of the Luis Jorge Pereira Pontes, pastor of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, in the Chamber of Marília, during the period from 2001 to 2004. The pastor was the most voted candidate in the elections of 2000 and his election called the attention of the local media. This thesis analyses the performance of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in local politics through a case study.

I will examine how immigration into the United Kingdom has changed due to globalization, the strength of immigrant transnational networks, and rising hostile nativism. Changing immigrant experiences in the United Kingdom are contextualized by Britain’s “leave” Brexit vote and devolution of integration systems. I will argue that economic and local political integration are the most important contributors to improving immigrant outcomes and reducing tensions between minority and majority groups in the United Kingdom. Using policies from Denmark and Germany, I will compare how different integration regimes across Europe include immigrants as stakeholders in social and economic processes and how transnational networks interact with policy. I will recommend a set of policies at the national and local level to combat rising tensions between minority and majority groups. I will conclude by forecasting the likely and ideal scenarios for the future of minority-majority relations and integration regimes in the United Kingdom.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação se resume a uma investigação dos papéis que os meios de comunicação utilizados pela Igreja Universal desempenham num contexto de intensas transformações sociais. Meu objetivo principal foi observar de que maneira os programas locais de rádio e TV produzidos pela denominação participam do cotidiano do fiel e como são apropriados por aqueles que não freqüentam cultos da IURD. Para tanto, canalizei minha atenção para a audiência de tal programação religiosa, elegendo como interlocutores privilegiados alguns antigos moradores de Macaé cidade que se tornou a Capital Nacional do Petróleo com a instalação de uma base operacional da Petrobrás. / This dissertation may be summarized as an investigation about the roles that the mass media used by the Universal Church carry out in a context of intense socials transformations. My main objective has been observing how local radio and TV programs, produced by the denomination, participate on its memberships quotidian and how they are appropriated by those who do not attend the IURDs services. For this, I canalized my attention to the audience of this religious programming, electing some ancients Macaés residents as prime interlocutors. Macaé is the city that became the Oil National Capital with the installation of a Petrobras operational base.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este livro tem como objetivo analisar a forma com a qual a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, à época da pesquisa tinha 26 anos de fundação, elaborou e materializou singularmente o seu projeto de igreja. Esta elaboração teve como um dos principais suportes a relação tensa e conflituosa que a IURD estabeleceu com diferentes interlocutores, mas que teve no ano de 1995 sua fase mais crítica. A discussão procura mostrar como esse período foi pensado e interpretado por esses diferentes atores, mas tendo como principal referência o ponto de vista nativo. A questão da autenticidade será o pano de fundo da discussão proposta, na medida em que foi identificada como uma categoria importante para a compreensão da relação desta igreja com seus interlocutores. Esta noção aparecia sob a forma de oposições: pureza-impureza, igreja-seita, autêntico-inautêntico. Partindo de uma perspectiva diferenciada procuro mostrar que, naquele momento, estavam interagindo formas distintas de concepções de autenticidade. Tendo como ponto de partida o posicionamento da IURD pós-1995, período que se caracterizou pela intensificação de práticas e empreendimentos voltados à sua consolidação, o livro demonstra como a noção nativa de autenticidade norteou a elaboração da chamada Era das Catedrais, incluindo a construção da sede mundial, o chamado Templo da Glória do Novo Israel, vista como marco no processo de materialização de seu projeto de igreja e do circuito da conquista.

Esta dissertação, de abordagem qualitativa, e situada no campo dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, analisou nas falas dos apresentadores de um artefato cultural da televisão, o programa The Love School, os temas mais discutidos por eles. Como primeira técnica da metodologia utilizada, esse recurso gerou a fonte de material empírico registrado no que nominei de caderno de transcrições. Para realizar esta investigação selecionei 24 (vinte e quatro) edições do programa entre o período de novembro de 2014 a abril de 2015. O casamento é o principal tema que orienta a pauta deste programa e faz uma aliança direta com os princípios que fundamentam a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. Quanto ao programa The Love School foi possível entender que a Universal desenvolveu uma nova forma de falar de religião fazendo uso de outras linguagens como a linguagem própria da televisão, pois esse novo produto da grade de programação da Record TV, pode ter dado início a uma nova sequencia de programas televangelizadores, que, nas versões mais tradicionais e mais religiosas, parecem monótonos e desinteressantes pelo uso da linguagem comum aos púlpitos das catedrais e pelos horários de exibição cansativos das madrugadas. A categoria da pedagogia cultural, como um conceito caro para o campo da educação, nesse artefato cultural, pode ser percebida com uma outra dinâmica que não apenas a de ensinar modos de ser e de viver, pois demostrou que, conjuntamente a isso, pode também apontar o contraexemplo de outras pedagogias culturais em outros artefatos culturais, dessa vez os do entretenimento comercial. Compreendi essa atuação do conceito nesse objeto pela introdução da cultura religiosa com origem na Igreja criticando a cultura profana de outros produtos da mídia. Essa mesma discursividade molda um modelo de casal que prioriza o casamento acima de qualquer problema, devendo superar o menor dos desafios para impedir uma separação, e que se inspira no homem e na mulher presentes no texto bíblico, no Antigo Testamento, inspiração que é vista no contexto da análise aqui empregada como um retrocesso para a vida real das mulheres. A ideia de retrocesso ou de backlash (Faludi, 2001) parece ser um elemento que adere facilmente à cultura religiosa da Universal, aliando-se à pedagogia cultural ensinada pelo The Love School. O backlash tem como característica operar como uma política cultural em forma de ciclos. Ciclicamente, a cultura parece nos fazer viver muitos momentos de intenso retrocesso (backlash), tanto por meio de determinados produtos da mídia quanto pelas reações de determinados grupos políticos nos impondo seus interesses. Consequentemente, pelas análises que aqui empreendi e por essas características assumidas pela IURD, penso que vivemos no Brasil contemporâneo um ciclo religioso de backlash (retrocesso) para as coisas da vida e para as relações amorosas, para dizer o mínimo. / This qualitative approach master‘s dissertation on Educational Cultural Studies has analyzed the lines of the presenters of a cultural artifact of television, The Love School show, and the subjects most discussed by them. As the first technique of the methodology used, this resource generated the source of empirical material registered in what I named ―The Transcription Notebook‖. For the research, I have selected 24 (twenty four) editions of the show from November, 2014 to April, 2015. Marriage is the central theme of the show‘s agenda which is directly related to the principles underlying the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Through The love school show it was possible to realize that the Universal Church has developed a new way of talking about religion, by making use of other languages, such as the proper language of television, since this new product offered by the Record TV channel may have initiated a sequence of new evangelizing shows, which tend to be monotonous and uninteresting in their most traditional and religious versions due to the use of a language common to the cathedrals‘ pulpits as well as the tiresome show times. Such cultural artifact allow us to understand the concept of cultural pedagogy category, dear to the field of education, as a different dynamic that does not only teach ways of being and living, but also show the counterexample of other cultural pedagogies in another cultural artifacts, such as the commercial entertainment. I have understood this concept in such object through the introduction of the religious culture originating in the Church that criticizes the unholy culture of media products. This same discourse frames a standard of couple who prioritize marriage above any problem so as to overcome challenges to prevent a separation, and who is inspired by the men and women described in the biblical text, the Old Testament. Such inspiration has been considered here as a backlash to the real life of women. The idea of a backlash (Faludi, 2001) seems to be an element that easily adheres to the religious culture of Universal Church, allied to the cultural pedagogy taught by The Love School; it characteristically operates as a cyclic cultural policy. And, cyclically, the culture seems to make us live several moments of intense regression both through certain media products and through the reactions of certain political groups imposing their interests. Hence, I believe the contemporary Brazil is living a religious cycle of backlash regarding life and love relationship issues to say the least.