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A person who through crime severely violates another person’s person, freedom, peace or honour shall indemnify the injured party for damage such violation inflicts on the injured party. This is called ”kränkningsersättning” and is regulated in Chapter 2, Section 3 of the Swedish Act on Tort damages (skadeståndslagen). The sections contain three necessary prerequisites, that the crime committed is a crime that violates another person’s person, freedom, peace or honour, that the crime constitutes a violation and that such violation is severe. This thesis will focus on the latter, whether or not the violation is severe and how the victim’s profession can have an effect on that, in this case regarding the police profession.   In Swedish legal precedents there have been several cases where certain professions are considered to be particularly exposed and that they need to be able to tolerate more than other people before being entitled to ”kränkningsersättning”. This has been established for police officers, security guards and prison staff but has been considered for other professions as well. The reason for their limited right to compensation is that their professions come with an increased mental awareness compared to others. The limited right to compensation comes in the form of a threshold where the violation needs to be more severe for the injured party to get compensation but does not lead to a smaller compensation if the violation is severe enough to constitute a severe violation.   The purpose of this thesis is to examine the law regarding police officer’s right to ”kränkningsersättning” for crimes committed against them in their role as a police officer. The plenary ruling from the Swedish supreme court in NJA 2005 s. 738 and its impact on the legal position after the previous ruling in NJA 1999 s. 725 will be considered and analysed thoroughly. / Den som allvarligt kränker någon annan genom brott som innefattar ett angrepp mot dennes person, frihet, frid eller ära ska ersätta denne genom skadestånd. Detta kallas även kränkningsersättning och stadgas i 2:3 skadeståndslagen (SFS 1972:207) [SkL]. Av texten framgår alltså tre rekvisit för att ersättning ska betalas ut, att kränkningen orsakas genom brott av ovan angivet slag, att brottet utgör en kränkning och att kränkningen är allvarlig. I den här uppsatsen beaktas särskilt det senare rekvisitet och hur allvarlighetsgraden påverkas av brottsoffrets yrkesroll, i det här fallet i förhållande till poliser.   I svensk rättspraxis har det konstaterats att vissa yrkesgrupper har en särskilt utsatt yrkesroll och att de därför behöver tåla mer än gemene man. Detta har bland annat ansetts omfatta poliser, ordningsvakter och kriminalvårdspersonal. Det har även förekommit diskussioner om ytterligare yrkesgrupper eventuellt kan falla in under denna kategori. Orsaken till att personer med en särskilt riskfylld yrkesroll har en begränsad rätt till kränkningsersättning är att de i och med deras särskilda yrkesroll måste anses ha en annan mental beredskap än gemene man. Denna begränsade rätt utgörs av en högre tröskel för när kränkningsersättning ska utdelas men innebär ingen nedsättning i beloppet när en rätt till kränkningsersättning faktiskt har fastställts för brottsoffret.   Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda rättsläget gällande polisers rätt till kränkningsersättning för brott som de utsätts för i sin tjänsteutövning. Särskild vikt kommer att läggas vid analys av rättspraxis där plenumavgörandet i NJA 2005 s. 738 och hur det har påverkat bedömningen i liknande fall jämfört med avgörandet i NJA 1999 s. 725 kommer att få en framträdande roll.

Violation of a person’s integrity through crime is a non-financial damage regulated in the Tort Liability Act, Chapter 2, section 3. The provision states that for liability to be imposed on the perpetrator, it is required that the violation is caused through crime and that the violation is assessed as serious. Whether a violation is considered serious depends on all relevant circumstances surrounding the offence. These circumstances can either be related to the criminal offence itself, the perpetrator, or the victim. Through a legal dogmatic method, the overall purpose of this thesis has been to contribute with an understanding of the concept of violation and its distinctive features, with a special focus on victim-related circumstances. By studying the development in case law, both from the Swedish supreme court and lower courts, and guiding decisions from the Swedish Crime Victim Authority, the analysis has shown that if a victim, prior to the violation, behaves reprehensibly it may indicate that the victim is not safeguarding his or her integrity. This may lead to the perpetrator not being liable for damages, or in the alternative, that the damages are reduced. The thesis has sought to provide an answer to when and how the victim’s behavior affects his or her right to get compensated for a violation through crime. Although the victim’s behavior can affect the assessment of the violation in hand, the thesis has shown that the victim’s own perception of the violation is not of primary importance to whether he or she should get compensated. This is because the assessment of the damages shall be based on objective criteria where prevailing ethical and social values are of interest. Therefore, one could argue that the damages for violation through crime is intended to compensate for the criminal offence itself rather than to compensate for any actual harm. In this way, the provision on violation through crime distinguish from other types of dam- ages that are governed by the Tort Liability Act. The opposition between different interests – such as subjective/objective and violation/harm – has shown that the concept of violation is struggling with an inherent conflict and ambivalence. In accordance with the purpose of this thesis, attention has been drawn to the concept of violation and its ambivalent nature in order to highlight its characteristics and distinctive features.

Validerat; 20110531 (anonymous)

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