Diss.--München, 1998. / Notes bibliogr. Index.

Diss. med. Medizinhistorisches Institut Univ. Bern, 1981. / Im Buchh.: Bern : H. Huber. Literaturverz. S. 105-111.

Universiẗat, Diplomarb.--Salzburg.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-12T18:53:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 annaritamacielsimiao.pdf: 1609900 bytes, checksum: c23474ae30bd817c3184ffa7bc2b38fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:24:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 annaritamacielsimiao.pdf: 1609900 bytes, checksum: c23474ae30bd817c3184ffa7bc2b38fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T17:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 annaritamacielsimiao.pdf: 1609900 bytes, checksum: c23474ae30bd817c3184ffa7bc2b38fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / Em 1886, tendo como foco o estudo da sexualidade para ser usado nos tribunais e a partir da apresentação, classificação e análise de inúmeros casos de sexualidade desviante observados ao longo dos anos de atuação clinica própria ou alheia, o psiquiatra alemão Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902) publica a sua obra mais importante – a Psychopathia Sexualis– e articula uma nova perspectiva para o estudo da sexualidade em geral. Embora influente e amplamente discutido por seus contemporâneos, o interesse pela obra de Krafft-Ebing diminuiu consideravelmente depois e poucos estudos lhe são hoje dedicados. Este trabalho descreve e discute, em seus aspectos históricos e conceituais, a abordagem da sexualidade nas obras de Krafft-Ebing, através de uma análise interna da arquitetura conceitual de seus principais trabalhos e de autores que o influenciaram ou foram por ele influenciados. / In 1886, focusing onthe study of sexuality to be utilized in the courts and starting from the presentation, classification and analysis of numerous cases of deviant sexuality observed over the years of own (or others)clinical practices, the german psychiatrist Richard von Krafft -Ebing (1840-1902) published his most important work - the Psychopathia Sexualis- and articulates a new perspective for the study of sexuality in general. Although influential and widely discussed by his contemporaries, the interest in the work of Krafft-Ebing decreased considerably during the following centauries and in the present days only a few studies are dedicated to this subject . This paper describes and discusses, in its historical and conceptual aspects, the approach of sexuality in the works of Krafft-Ebing, through an internal analysis of the conceptual architecture of his major works and authors that influenced or were influenced by him.

Catanoinic systems spontaneously form micelles and vesicles, which are self-assembled spherical structures made up by surfactants. In the core of the micelle a drug, or other organic substance, can be kept to stabilize it when placed in an aqueous environment. The micelle-to-vesicle transition corresponds to the moment when the drug is releases, and understanding which factors that trigger this transition is thus of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry. In this study the micelle-to-vesicle transition in water and the effect of salt were studied for the systems 95 mol% SDS/DDAB and 95 mol% SDeS/DDAB with different total concentrations. The static light scattering measurements showed that the micelle-to-vesicle transition for the system 95 mol% SDS/DDAB was shifted to lower total concentrations both when 50 mM NaBr and 100 mM NaBr were added, and that the transition was unaffected by changing the anionic surfactant from SDS to SDeS when no salt had been added. A phase separation was observed when 50 mM NaBr was added to 95 mol% SDeS/DDAB (the Krafft point was probably reached), and when 100 mM NaBr was added to the same system the sample remained opaque one week after mixing the sample and also after heating it to 40°C in a water bath. The curve for sample 95 mol% SDS/DDAB 1/8192 mM + 100 mM NaBr was oscillating implying possible defects in the vesicle membrane. The cryo-TEM images confirmed the light scattering results and additionally showed that at higher total concentrations agglomeration occurred, while whenever salt was added less vesicles seemed to appear, while both discs and broken vesicles were present suggesting that the disc structure is preferred over the spherical structure when salt is present. Also a vesicle inside another vesicle was discovered for the sample 0.95 SDS/DDAB 3.75 mM + 50 mM NaBr. The mole fraction of anionic surfactant in the aggregates (x) was calculated using a MATLAB code based on the Poisson-Boltzmann theory. The results from the calculations showed that a higher amount of SOS was needed for the system 0.95 SOS/CTAB than the amount of SDS and SDeS needed for the systems 0.95 SDS/DDAB and 0.95 SDeS/DDAB when forming aggregates, indicating that a shorter chain of the anion and the higher spontaneous curvature of the cation leads to a higher curvature. Also a larger amount of cation was needed when the tail was single than when it was double in order to form stable spherical structures. Finally, as the total concentration decreased the x value also decreased in all cases, thus the spontaneous curvature was decreased.

In 1704 Hedvig Eleonora, the dowager queen of Sweden, commissioned a portrait of herself and her great-grandson, Karl Fredrik, the duke of Holstein-Gottorp, four years of age. The portrait by court portraitist David von Krafft is quite formal in style, and alludes to other royal portraits in a number of dynastic symbols and visual conventions although it is unusual in its composition and subject-matter. There are two very similar copies of this painting, one in the collections of the Swedish National Museum, and one in Schloss Eutin in Germany. The Swedish painting has attracted little interest from art historians and has not been exhibited for many years. The aim of this study is to analyse the paiting in its historical, political and dynastic context. What was the purpose of the painting and what message was it to convey? A comprehensive comparision of royal portraits, commissioned in the late 1600:s and early 1700:s, reveals that many have visual conventions and status-enhancing details in common. However, the double-portrait differs from them in some important aspects. The composition of the portrait was most probably carefully considered. Hedwig Eleonora was an experienced art commissioner after 60 years of shaping the dynastic image-building of her son Charles XI and grandson Charles XII. She was also well versed in the visual use of symbolism and dynastic symbols. When the portrait was painted the unmarried king Charles II had been away in war for several years. The question of succession was pressing and the double-portrait can be read as a visual opinion piece on behalf of one of two possible heirs to the throne, the young Karl Fredrik. The young boy was the current duke of of Holstein Gottorp and the dowager queen herself was born a princess of Holstein-Gottorp. The double-portrait testifies to her life-long efforts to forward the cause of the dukedom. Perhaps it is also a testament to her failure. The king fought a long, wrenching war and when he died, another regent was chosen.

Des tensioactifs dimériques cationiques ont été étudiés en faisant varier la nature du contre-ion afin de déterminer quels sont les effets ioniques qui influencent principalement leurs propriétés d'agrégation.<br />La méthode de synthèse de ces molécules a été adaptée afin de permettre l'investigation d'une large variété de systèmes se distinguant par leur contre-ion. La micellisation de ces tensioactifs a fait l'objet d'une étude par conductimétrie qui a permis de montrer l'influence prépondérante de l'hydrophobie du contre-ion associée à des effets secondaires tels que l'hydratation ou la morphologie du contre-ion. Nous avons aussi montré comment l'utilisation d'un colorant, l'Orange de Méthyle, peut s'avérer être un outil d'investigation de l'hydratation et de l'ionisation des micelles. La solubilité de ces tensioactifs dans l'eau a également été examinée à travers l'étude de leur température de Krafft en fonction du contre-ion. Les morphologies des assemblages formés par ces systèmes en solution aqueuse ont également fait l'objet d'une étude par diverses techniques de microscopie. La dernière partie est consacrée à une classe particulière de tensioactifs cationiques à double chaîne complexés à des mononucléotides anioniques. Les propriétés d'agrégation de ces nucléolipides ainsi que les morphologies des structures formées dans l'eau ont été étudiées. On a montré que le confinement de nucléotides chiraux sur des membranes cationiques peut induire l'émergence d'une chiralité supramoléculaire. De plus, ces systèmes mettent en place une reconnaissance moléculaire spécifique, distincte de celle se produisant dans l'ADN, dont les causes restent encore à clarifier.

Dans le contexte du développement durable, l’'utilisation des ressources renouvelables, biodégradable et peu toxique, est particulièrement recherchée. En particulier, la littérature montre que les molécules amphiphiles biosourcées avec une tête sucre, type glycolipides, sont d'excellents candidats pour substituer les tensioactifs pétrochimiques actuellement utilisés massivement en formulation. Pour limiter le criblage expérimental et orienter le choix des synthèses de telles molécules, une démarche prédictive à partir de l'analyse de la structure moléculaire permettrait d'anticiper les propriétés des molécules amphiphiles et d'identifier celles répondant à des propriétés spécifiques recherchées. L'objectif des travaux de thèse est de développer une méthodologie via la synthèse à façon avec modification graduelle de la structure, la caractérisation et l'analyse systématique de glycolipides, dans le but d'identifier des liens pertinents entre leurs propriétés amphiphiles et leurs caractéristiques structurales. Les données expérimentales générées doivent permettent d'établir une base de données comparables et fiables, nécessaire pour le développement de modèles 1 prédictifs. Les résultats ont mis en évidence l'influence significative de certains paramètres de structure sur j les propriétés physico-chimiques, avec des tendances claires, autrement difficiles à observer à partir des données globales non-comparables de la littérature. Ce travail a également démontré l'importance de prendre en considération le comportement des molécules amphiphiles dans l'eau, via la connaissance de leur diagramme de phase, afin de définir sans ambiguïté certaines propriétés telles que la CMC. / In the context of sustainable development, the use of biodegradable and low toxic renewable resources is particularly important. ln particular, the literature shows that the bio-based amphiphilic molecules with a sugar head, or the glycolipids, are excellent substitutes of the petrochemical surfactants used massively in current formulations. To limit the experimental screening and to orient the choice of the syntheses of such molecules, a predictive approach based on the analysis of the molecular structure would make it possible to anticipate the properties of the amphiphilic molecules and to identify those with specific properties. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology through systematic syntheses, characterizations and analyses of glycolipids with gradual structural modifications, with the aim of identifying relevant links between heir amphiphilic properties and their structural characteristics. The obtained experimental data should make it possible to establish a comparable and reliable database, necessary for the development of predictive models. The results showed the significant influence of some structural parameters on the physico-chemical properties with clear trends, which are otherwise difficult to observe by using the non-comparable data collected from the literature. This work also demonstrated the importance of considering the behavior of amphiphilic molecules in water, through knowledge of their phase diagram, which allows for the unambiguous definition of certain properties like the CMC.

Aujourd'hui, un grand nombre de nouvelles molécules peuvent être synthétisées à partir de la biomasse. Les tensioactifs dérivés de sucre sont notamment considérés comme une alternative aux tensioactifs fossiles en raison de leur biodégradabilité et de leur biocompatibilité. Cependant, les études associant la caractérisation physico-chimique et les propriétés biologiques de ce type de tensio-actifs sont limitées. Il est ainsi difficile de prédire les propriétés d'un tensioactif à partir de sa structure chimique. L'établissement d'une méthodologie permettant de relier la structure des surfactants à leurs propriétés apparait pertinent. Dans ce travail, quatre surfactants dérivés de sucre ayant chacun une chaîne C8 liée à une tête glucose ou maltose par un groupe amide ont été caractérisés par leurs propriétés tensio-actives dans différentes solutions (eau et milieu biologique). Leurs interactions avec des protéines ont également été analysées. Concernant l'évaluation des propriétés biologiques, des tests de cytotoxicité/irritation ont été effectués sur trois modèles in-vitro : 1) modèle cellulaire 20 (cellules L929 cultivées en monocouche), Il) modèle cellulaire 30 (cellules L929 cultivées dans un gel de collagène), Ill) épiderme humain reconstitué. Les résultats indiquent que les quatre surfactants synthétisés présentent de bonnes propriétés tensio-actives et trois d'entre eux sont moins cytotoxiques que des tensioactifs de référence. Plusieurs hypothèses permettant de relier la structure chimique des molécules à leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques ont été proposées. Des travaux futurs permettront d'enrichir la base de données sur les relations structure-propriétés des tensioactifs issus de la biomasse, et de l'utiliser pour synthétiser des surfactants présentant des propriétés adaptées aux applications envisagées. / Nowadays, a wide variety of new molecules can derive from biomass. Among them, the family of sugar-based surfactants, which are considered as alternatives to fossil-based surfactants, due to their relatively high biodegradability and biocompatibility, exhibit interesting properties both in terms of their self-assembly and their ability to induce biological responses. In the study, for the purpose to analyse these properties, different methodologies have been established. In this work, physico-chemistry and cellular biology methodologies are associated to analyse the properties of pre-selected molecules characterized by gradua) structure modifications. Firstly, we have screened synthesized sugar-based surfactants according to their solubility and their ability to reduce surface tension of water. Four pre-selected molecules, with a C8 chain linked to a glucose or maltose head through an amide functional group, either under the form of carbamoyl (carbohydrate scaffold bearing the carbonyl) or alkylcarboxamide (the alkyl chain bearing the carbonyl), were then dissolved in water/ cell culture media for surface tension measurements. Their behaviors in solutions were characterized by Krafft points, Critical Micellar Concentrations or self-assembling properties through different methods. To evaluate the cytotoxic/ irritant effects of these molecules on cells and tissues, 3 in-vitro models were established: I) 2D cell culture mode! (L929 cell monolayer) II) 3D ce!! culture mode! (L929 cells embedded in collagen gel) and III) Reconstituted human epidermis (differentiated human keratinocytes). Corresponding experiments were carried out on these models with increasing complexity. Results show that the synthesized sugar-based surfactants, GlulamideC8, Glu6amideC8, Glu6amideC8' and MallamideC8 can reduce the surface tension of water solution to the came level as standard surfactants (Tween 20 and Hecameg). In the meantime, GlulamideC8, Glu6amideC8' and MallamideC8 present Iess cytotoxicity effects on L929 cells both in the monolayer model and the 3D mode! than Tween 20 and Hecameg. All synthesized and standard surfactants (GlulamideC8, Glu6amideC8, Gu6amideC8', MallamideC8, Tween 20 and Hecameg) have no significant cytotoxic/ irritant effects on reconstituted human epidermis at 1000 ig/mL after 48 h of topical application. Discussions have been made according to the results of experiments to establish possible structures/ physico-chemical properties - cytotoxicity relationships of these surfactants.

<p>Carl Gustav Jung växte upp i en prästfamilj och kom redan i barndomen i kontakt med den religiösa problematiken. Jung har tidiga starka Gudsupplevelser men föreställde sig inte Gud på samma sätt som fadern gjorde. För denne var Gud bibelns och dogmatikens Gud medan Carl Gustavs Gud var snarare en panteistisk naturgud, stundom konkretiserad i ren fetischdyrkan. Hans religiösa föreställningar var lika mycket förbundna med underjordiska makter, med magi och trolldom. Carl Gustav Jungs konfirmation blev en stark besvikelse och efter denna tog han mer och mer avstånd ifrån den kristna religionen. Han hade under tonåren djupa tvivel som han inte kunde dela med någon i sin omgivning utan förde en inre diskussion mellan sina personligheter 1 och 2. Successivt kom han att utforska det kollektivt omedvetna framförallt under sin kris efter brytningen med Freud och individuationen och Självet kom att bli det som i första hand uppfyllde hans liv och tankar. Även om den analytiska psykologin som han utarbetade var ägnad som en terapi vid psykisk sjukdom har den i dagsläget ingen större plats i arsenalen. Jung har däremot kommit att få stor betydelse för New-Age-rörelsen och även för det så kallade tolvstegsprogrammet där Jung har tillskrivits äran av att ha tillfört den andliga dimensionen.</p>