<p>This research paper has examined how three teachers in a Swedish state secondary school adapt their teaching to immigrant pupils aged 13 to16 who have recently arrived in the country. The study is based on observation in the classroom and interviews with the teachers. The study showed that all the teachers adapted their teaching methods in the different subjects by actively working with language development during their lessons. The methods employed included explaining words and definitions, using visual methods of teaching and setting frequent written exercises. In this way the pupils developed their language skills whilst covering the subject coursework. The result also showed that the interviewed teachers agreed that all teachers in the school with immigrant pupils required a basic knowledge of how teaching methods should be adapted to pupils studying a second language. Finally the study showed that there is a limit of time, personnel, finances and the ignorance of recently arrived pupils’ previous school records meant their chances of positively adapting their teaching methods were further restricted. .</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate, illuminate and discuss teacher’s and multilingual student’s view on the connection between their mother tongue and their learning of other languages. This qualitative study is based on interviews with eight students in the 8th grade and two language-teachers from the same school, as well as ethnographic observations during English and Swedish lessons. With the help of some relevant theories, the empirical study is compared, analyzed and interpreted. The results show that the theories and informant’s view on the connection between the mother tongue and other languages are similar, which is that the mother tongue must be fully established before a new language can be taken in.</p>

<p>The main purpose of this study was to examine how preschool teachers are working to promote each child's language development and whether they can ensure that they do that. Therefore I wanted to find out what a good language development implies for each teacher, how they work to promote each child's language development in daily practice, how they measure the actual language development and also what conditions the teachers have, to engage in a language development way to work. For the study, I chose a qualitative method, with structured interviews and all together I interviewed six preschool teachers, within the same organization in a suburb close to Stockholm.  The results showed that there is an ambiguity, among the preschool teachers, in what a good language development means, but it can be stated that they do have a language development way to work even if it needs to be developed. Further on, it has emerged that the teachers have the tools to measure children's language development, although they do not have the conditions yet to use the method to the fullest. About the preschool teachers own conditions in order to operate in a language development way to work, I concluded that they have a strong foundation to build on, but they still have much work ahead of them. I also concluded that maybe it would be more relevant to talk about a language development approach, rather than a way to work.</p>

<p>This study aims to find out what students think about bilingualism as well as whether there are advantages and disadvantages of it, based on the children's perspective. All children in this class are bilingual, is thus a mother tongue other than Swedish. All were born in Sweden but has parents who are originally from / born in other countries in addition to having mom who was born in Sweden but originally from another country. In my study I have chosen to use qualitative methods in which I used semi-structured interviews and non participant observations. In the study, I have come to interview the children think that being bilingual is good, they mean that there are some drawbacks to this except that it can sometimes be a bit hard when someone does not understand. Also what they think is good with bilingualism is that you can use the languages depending on where you are, if they go to their homeland, they speak their mother tongue with people, relatives because they do not understand Swedish. Or sometimes they need their mother tongue during lesson time when they do not understand a word. Or when they work together with someone who speaks the same language as them, then they sometimes speak the language because it is easier to explain and understand. Being bilingual has formerly been regarded as something negative, but with time, this in turn has changed. Today it has become increasingly common to be bilingual or multilingual, the more languages you know, the better you can get in the society, and then you can switch between languages. To know two languages gives the individual a broader cultural experience.</p>

Prenatal cocaine exposure places infants at risk for developmental delays, particularly language delays (Chapman, 2000; Lester, LaGasse, & Seifer, 1998), which increase the likelihood that they will require special education services as children and show poor developmental outcomes (Delgado, Vagi, & Scott, 2006). This study used second-order latent growth curve modeling to identify the trajectory of language development of infants from 12 to 36 months of age who had completed a three-year early intervention program. This study also investigated the predictive ability of six factors related to the child, family, and intervention. Child factors included sex, birthweight, and cognitive ability at 12 months, a family factor included mother's education level, and intervention factors included intervention type and age at enrollment. Results revealed that language growth across the two-year period was quadratic, with growth declining initially, then accelerating after 24 months, compared to the nationally normed sample upon which standardized language scores were based. Being a girl, being enrolled in the program soon after birth, and having higher cognitive ability at 12 months predicted higher initial language ability. Intervention group predicted growth in language, such that both intervention groups predicted less or no initial decline compared to the primary care non-intervention group, and the center-based intervention group showed faster acceleration after 24 months compared to the home-based intervention group. Implications of these results on the research literature and practical applications were discussed.

Efforts to improve education - more concretely science education - by creating fundamental shifts in standards for students and teachers have been launched by educators and policy makers in recent years. The new standards for science instruction address improvements in student learning, program development, assessment, and professional development for teachers, with the goal to prepare US students for the academic demands of the 21st century. The study examined teachers' knowledge and practices in science instruction with English language learning (ELL) students. It also examined relationships among key domains of science instruction with ELL students, as well as profiles of teaching practices. The four domains included: (1) teachers' knowledge of science content, (2) teaching practices to promote scientific understanding, (3) teaching practices to promote scientific inquiry, and (4) teaching practices to support English language development during science instruction. The study was part of a larger 5-year research and development intervention aimed at promoting science and literacy achievement of ELL students in urban elementary schools. The study involved 32 third grade, 21 fourth grade, and 17 fifth grade teachers participating in the first-year implementation of the intervention. Based on teachers' questionnaire responses, classroom observation ratings, and post-observation interviews, results indicated that (1) teachers' knowledge and practices were within the bounds of the intervention, but short of reform-oriented practices and (2) relationships among the four domains existed, especially at grade 5. These findings can provide insights for professional development and future research, along with accountability policies.

This research paper has examined how three teachers in a Swedish state secondary school adapt their teaching to immigrant pupils aged 13 to16 who have recently arrived in the country. The study is based on observation in the classroom and interviews with the teachers. The study showed that all the teachers adapted their teaching methods in the different subjects by actively working with language development during their lessons. The methods employed included explaining words and definitions, using visual methods of teaching and setting frequent written exercises. In this way the pupils developed their language skills whilst covering the subject coursework. The result also showed that the interviewed teachers agreed that all teachers in the school with immigrant pupils required a basic knowledge of how teaching methods should be adapted to pupils studying a second language. Finally the study showed that there is a limit of time, personnel, finances and the ignorance of recently arrived pupils’ previous school records meant their chances of positively adapting their teaching methods were further restricted. .

The main purpose of this study was to examine how preschool teachers are working to promote each child's language development and whether they can ensure that they do that. Therefore I wanted to find out what a good language development implies for each teacher, how they work to promote each child's language development in daily practice, how they measure the actual language development and also what conditions the teachers have, to engage in a language development way to work. For the study, I chose a qualitative method, with structured interviews and all together I interviewed six preschool teachers, within the same organization in a suburb close to Stockholm.  The results showed that there is an ambiguity, among the preschool teachers, in what a good language development means, but it can be stated that they do have a language development way to work even if it needs to be developed. Further on, it has emerged that the teachers have the tools to measure children's language development, although they do not have the conditions yet to use the method to the fullest. About the preschool teachers own conditions in order to operate in a language development way to work, I concluded that they have a strong foundation to build on, but they still have much work ahead of them. I also concluded that maybe it would be more relevant to talk about a language development approach, rather than a way to work.

Language skills developed in early childhood are important for literacy and communication in childhood as well as future adult literacy skills and health. Certain demographic characteristics and parent-child interaction skills have been identified through previous research as being influential in child language development. Parental stress has also been associated with child language outcomes. This study aims to explore whether parents’ interactive relational skills, measured by an observational method, are significantly related to children’s verbal outcome, while controlling for demographic variables and parental stress. Participants included mothers of children aged 4-6 who completed measures of parental interaction quality, parental stress, and demographic characteristics. Their children competed a language skill measure. Results indicated that even when controlling for demographic variables and parental stress, the relationship between parent-child interaction quality and child language outcomes remained significant. These findings suggest that increasing positive parent-child interaction skills may be beneficial for increasing children’s language skills.

I den här studien har jag undersökt hur förskollärare kan använda musik som ett pedagogiskt verktyg i barnens språkutveckling samt vilka likheter och samband som finns mellan språk och musik. Jag har undersökt fem förskollärares erfarenhet och tankar kring detta. I studien har jag intervjuat fem förskollärare som arbetar mycket med musik tillsammans med barn. Resultatet visar att musik och språk har mycket gemensamt, båda innehåller bland annat rytm, ton, klang dynamik och uttryck. Förskollärare använder musik, sång, rytm, rim och ramsor för att stimulera barnens språkutveckling. Det är svårt att avgöra vad som ligger bakom barns språkliga framsteg, men deltagarna i undersökningen ansåg musicerandet  vara en språkstimulerande faktor. Genom att arbeta med musik på att medvetet sätt i förskolan kan barnen utveckla deras språkliga medvetenhet. / In this study, I have investigated ways that preschool teachers can use music as a pedgogical tool in children's language development, as well as the similarities and connections which exist between language and music. I have investigated preschool teachers' experiences and thoughts on the subject. In the study, I have interviewed five preschool teachers who use a lot music in their work with children. The results show that music and language have much in common; both have, among other things, rhythm, tone, dynamics, and expression. Preschool teachers use music, song, rhythm and rhyme in order to stimulate children's language development. It is difficult to determine what lies behind children's progess with language skills, but participants in the study believed music to be a language-stimulating factor. By working with music in a conscious way in preschool, children can develop their linguistic awareness.