Creating a preschool environment for learning and interaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate how preschool teachers describe the practical work that they do to design the preschool environments and how the children's learning and interaction come to be part of that process. The questions addressed in the study were: How do the preschool teachers describe their workplace learning environments? How do the preschool teachers reason about their way of developing their workplace learning environments? How does your preschool environment promote children's interests, learning, and interaction? The study is of qualitative nature and both interviews and observations have been carried out at two Reggio Emilia-inspired preschools in the southern part of Stockholm. The analysis has been examined from a design-oriented perspective. The results show that the preschool teacher's thoughts about children are important for how they shape the preschool learning environment. By continually observing how the children use the environment to interact and what they are interested in, they can, together with the children reflect and start up new projects and further develop the learning environment. The preschool teachers seek to create an inspiring, accessible and transparent environment but also one that can change long-term or short-term at any time. The preschool teachers' perceptions of children as competent and unique individuals who can be helped to reach their own special potential allows for the children to explore and become co-creators of their learning environment.

As technology continues to change the way society communicates, teachers need to prepare their students for digital literacy and competencies in their adulthood. Specific training is necessary for educators in the appropriate and effective methods for incorporating technologies such as smart phones and hand-held devices. Teachers, who work in international boarding schools, are more effective in their use of technology when they understand the classroom cultural differences and are able to clarify any misconceptions. To determine what experienced teachers find missing in their instruction and what should be included in a teachers' instructional guide, a guide was developed based upon the existing literature; the guide was tested and revised under three conditions. In the first phase, a panel of subject-matter experts reviewed the guide draft to identify the instructional goals and validate the survey instrument. In the second phase, a teacher's workshop was conducted and provided in-depth discussions on how they use technology in the classroom. Teachers shared examples of how culture affected students' use and misuse of technology. In the final phase, observations were conducted as teachers used the lessons and resources in their instruction. The final revision, presented in this document, includes closing comments made by participating teachers. The goal was to develop a digital citizenship guide for teachers in international boarding schools that reflected best practices from the literature and the input from experts and teachers. The results identified the specific skills and competencies that are required to teach students how to communicate in the digital world and become good digital citizens. The culturally diverse student population at the investigation site made it possible to generalize instructional sets that will be of value to teachers everywhere. The guide, developed through the dissertation initiative, provides educators with the knowledge, tools, and examples necessary to teach students how these technologies can be used in a multicultural learning environment. It can be used to address the fundamentals of digital citizenship and provide insight into the role culture plays in the use of technology in education.

This study examines conceptions of criticality and its instruction in the History learning environ- ment in Sweden, Russia, and Australia as evidenced in one sample upper secondary class in each country. To achieve this, data were collected at macro, micro and meso levels. At the macro level, elements of curriculum theory were used to analyse the policy framework provided to develop students’ criticality in the upper secondary History classroom and to identify the conceptions of criticality as manifested in the policy documents. At the micro level, a content-based, thematic analysis was used to examine how the teachers and student focus groups conceptualise criticality and the ways of its teaching and learning. At the meso level, the conceptions of criticality and its instruction modes identified in the policy documents and interviews were used to analyse the class- room data collected in the selected classes. The combined findings from the three levels of analysis provide a transnational account of criticality and its instruction. They suggest that criticality is conceptualised as a generic skill of questioning at the overarching curriculum level, whereas it is reconceptualised as a discipline- specific skill at the subject level. Discipline-specific conceptions include criticality as source criti- cism, as meaning making from historical evidence, as questioning historical narratives, and as educating for citizenship. The findings indicate that the visionary criticality objectives of the curricula might be obstructed at other policy levels and by the interviewees’ conceptions of criticality as well as the classroom practicalities. Based on the transnational findings, it is proposed that harmonisation between the curriculum contents and time allocation might contribute to the promotion of narrative diversity. As argued in the study, narrative diversity is a prerequisite for criticality as questioning historical narratives. To nurture this form of criticality, the policy makers might consider a shift of attention towards the lower stages of schooling that could equip upper secondary students with necessary background knowledge. Further, harmonisation between the teaching objectives and learning outcomes of basic History courses might help avoid excluding certain groups of students from receiving criticality instruction on unclear grounds. This might ensure the equity of education with regard to criticality instruction for all upper secondary students, as required in the national curricula in Sweden, Russia and Australia. / Att kunna vara kritisk är ett förväntat studieresultat i ämnet historia på gymnasienivå i Sverige, Ryssland och Australien. Genom att lära sig om sitt lands och världens historia i klassrummet skapar elever en nationell identitet. På historielektioner förväntas elever vara kritiska men vad det innebär kan skilja sig åt i olika utbildningskontexter. Denna avhandling syftar därför till att undersöka hur undervisning i att vara kritisk sker på historielektioner i tre gymnasieklasser: en klass i norra Sverige, en i nordvästra Ryssland och en i sydöstra Australien. Mina språkkunskaper och kontakter i länderna har möjliggjort insamling av data som annars sällan jämförs. Metoder Undersökningen är en småskalig primärstudie med fokus på enskilda aspekter inom utbildningssystemet (Ember & Ember, 2001). Den har genomförts inom de ramar för komparativa utbildningsvetenskapliga studier som föreslagits av Phillips (2006). Med utgångspunkt i den anpassade ontologiska modellen av lärmiljön (Bhaskar, 1978; Brown, 2008) och de läroplansteoretiska begreppen formuleringsarenan och realiseringsarenan (Lindensjö & Lundgren, 2014) har jag samlat in data från makro-, mikrooch mesonivå i varje land. På makronivå analyseras de nationella styrdokument som reglerar historieundervisningen på gymnasiet i Sverige, Ryssland och Australien – den avsedda läroplanen. Eftersom gymnasieutbildningen i Australien främst styrs av delstaterna analyseras även styrdokumenten för den aktuella delstaten Victoria. Dessutom tas hänsyn till en rad andra utbildningspolitiska dokument med relevans för studien, såsom kommentarer till läroplaner och kursplaner från de undersökta länderna. Analysen syftar till att identifiera skrivningar som explicit refererar till kritiska perspektiv och tolka statusen av dessa skrivningar i ett utbildningspolitiskt sammanhang. Vidare identifierar jag några ramfaktorer för historieundervisningen i allmänhet, och för undervisning i att vara kritisk i synnerhet. På mikronivå genomförde jag semi-strukturerade intervjuer med lärare och deras elever i varje utbildningskontext. Intervjuguiden testades i en pilotundersökning med lärare och en fokusgrupp med elever som läste ett högskoleförberedande program i norra Sverige. I huvudstudien intervjuade jag tre lärare, en från varje land, och 16 av deras elever. Fyra elevintervjuer genomfördes, där tre elevintervjuer skedde i fokusgrupp och en individuellt. Samtliga intervjuer spelades in och transkriberades, och utvalda delar översattes till engelska. Alla deltagande skolor har gott rykte och ligger i medelstora städer i respektive land. Lärarna i studien är behöriga i historia och har mer än 20 års undervisningserfarenhet. Eleverna var vid studiens genomförande i snitt 17 år gamla. De svenska eleverna gick ett yrkesprogram och läste den obligatoriska kursen Historia 1a1. Eleverna i Ryssland och i Australien gick de program som ger allmän behörighet till studier på högskolenivå. De ryska eleverna läste en obligatorisk historiekurs på basnivå, medan de australiensiska eleverna läste en valbar kurs i Australiens historia. Insamlad intervjudata analyserades innehållsligt. Analysen syftar till att urskilja lärares och elevers uppfattningar om vad det innebär att vara kritisk samt deras erfarenheter och upplevelser av undervisningen i att vara kritisk, något som kan sägas ingå i den erfarna och upplevda läroplanen. På mesonivå observerades 17 historielektioner. Under observationen använde jag två till fyra inspelningsapparater beroende på undervisningsmoment. Inspelningarna kompletterades med fältanteckningar enligt en observationsmall (se Appendix 20). Därefter transkriberades den största delen av inspelningarna och utvalda delar översattes till engelska. Analysen syftar till att undersöka hur undervisningen i att vara kritisk, den genomförda läroplanen, förhöll sig till den avsedda läroplanen samt den erfarna och upplevda läroplanen. Resultat Studiens resultat tyder på att det finns olika formuleringar av vad det innebär att vara kritisk beroende på vilken nivå i styrdokumenten som undersöks. På läroplansnivå uttrycks det som en generisk förmåga att kunna ifrågasätta samt att kunna föra ett resonemang genom att styrka sina påståenden och dra rimligaslutsatser. På kursplanenivå för ämnet historia uttrycks det som en ämnesspecifik förmåga att kunna kritiskt granska källor och att kunna skapa mening utifrån historiska källor. Styrdokumentanalysen identifierar följande potentiella ramfaktorer för undervisning i att vara kritisk i historieklassrummet: den kunskapsorienterade läroplanen i Ryssland, nationella prov i historia i Ryssland och Australien, kursens svårighetsgrad och avsatt lärarledd tid i Sverige och Ryssland. Intervjuanalysen visar på att lärarna och eleverna betonar vikten av att ha ett kritiskt förhållningssätt i skolan och i vardagslivet. Inom ämnet historia uttrycks det, i samtliga länder, som en förmåga att kunna ifrågasätta 167 historiska narrativ. Dessutom förknippas det kritiska förhållningssättet med medborglig bildning i Sverige och Ryssland. Analysen av klassrumsdata tyder på att lärarna undervisar i att vara kritisk på i huvudsak tre sätt. Den svenska läraren fokuserar på att fostra elever till medborgare som delar specifika värderingar, vilket syftar till att undvika upprepade tragedier som förintelsen och försäkra sig om att elever gör ”goda” val i framtiden. Den ryska läraren, som eftersträvar narrativ mångfald i historieklassrummet, ser till att det åtminstone förekommer intra-narrativ mångfald med hänsyn till ramfaktorerna. Den australiensiska läraren undervisar sina elever i att skapa mening utifrån multimodala källor och försöker bidra till narrativ mångfald. Dock kontrollerar läraren vilka alternativa narrativ som får utrymme i klassrummet. Rysk och australiensisk klassrumsdata visar prov på att motstridiga historiska narrativ kan existera i undervisningsdiskursen, medan svensk data visar på ett enda historiskt narrativ under datainsamlingsperioden. Slutsatser Studiens resultat tyder på att läroplanernas ambitiösa förväntade studieresultat för kritiskt förhållningssätt kan påverkas av formuleringar i kursplaner, av lärares och elevers uppfattningar om vad det innebär att vara kritisk samt av andra skolrelaterade omständigheter. För att bidra till elevers möjligheter att ifrågasätta historiska narrativ skulle man kunna fokusera på att förse elever med nödvändiga bakgrundskunskaper i lägre årskurser. Ett ytterligare utvecklingsområde skulle kunna vara att balansera historiekursers omfattning i förhållande till avsatt tid. Slutligen bör förväntade studieresultat för kritiskt förhållningssätt stämma överens med de instruktioner lärarna får om måluppfyllelse även i kursplaner för ”enklare” historiekurser. Detta skulle kunna leda till en mer likvärdig undervisning i att vara kritisk för alla elevgrupper, vi

Thesis (M.Arch. (Research))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2012. / Abstract: The on-campus learning environment often falls far short of the expectations of architecture students. One reason is that these students are seldom given a voice in how their schools are designed, or how the facilities are managed. This study tested the use of Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE), and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) as a strategic method of addressing this shortcoming. To do this research, a POE questionnaire was developed, based on the theoretical underpinnings of good design of places for adult learning, questionnaire design, POE, and IPA. After implementation of the questionnaire at four South African schools of architecture, the collected data were processed using standard spreadsheet software. Once the results were presented in an IPA matrix format, it was clear that there are several commonalities in the needs and desires of architecture students from the different schools. Some requirements, such as that for well-equipped computer laboratories were not surprising. Others, such as a universal need for quiet, separate spaces in which to work; and outdoor places where they can gather to work or ‘chill’ away from their studios and classrooms were less expected outcomes. The typically poor quality of indoor environmental conditions was exposed as one of the main reasons why architecture students now often prefer to make use of alternative, off-campus ways of working, and of communicating with each other and with their teachers. The implication of these findings is that by combining POE and IPA, it is possible to identify and monitor the attributes that are necessary for a satisfactory on-campus learning environment. Where shortcomings are identified with POE, strategic responses can easily be devised using IPA. The dissertation is concluded with suggestions for future applications of the proposed questionnaire and data analysis method, to enable benchmarking at schools of architecture and improve the on-campus environment of students of architecture.

Esta pesquisa aborda a questão da acessibilidade e da usabilidade em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem que tem como foco o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem de estudantes surdos. O problema de investigação centra-se no seguinte questionamento: Que princípios um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem deve ter para que o estudante surdo possa desenvolver a aprendizagem? Temos como objetivo analisar o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem utilizado pela instituição lócus da pesquisa, bem como descrever e avaliar a efetividade do ambiente no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem do estudante surdo. Esta pesquisa possui uma abordagem qualitativa realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de pesquisa empírica com base na análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com estudantes surdos, os intérpretes de libras, a coordenação do Núcleo de acessibilidade da universidade lócus da pesquisa, como também a análise do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem utilizado pela universidade. No intuito de pesquisarmos a questão da acessibilidade e da usabilidade de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da aprendizagem de estudantes surdos, elaboramos quatro capítulos. Os conteúdos presentes nos capítulos dizem respeito à trajetória da educação à distância no Brasil e no mundo, os conceitos de acessibilidade e de usabilidade, bem como o perfil de acesso de estudantes surdos à educação, aspectos relacionados à educação de surdos, a identidade surda, aspectos da aprendizagem e a cognição visual como possibilidade de aprendizagem. Além disso, discutimos os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e como a acessibilidade e a usabilidade se constituem concretamente nesses ambientes, principalmente em relação à aprendizagem de estudantes surdos, enfatizando a linguagem visual como possibilidade para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem de estudantes surdos e o percurso metodológico delineando os sujeitos da pesquisa, caracterizando o lócus da pesquisa e analisando os dados coletados nas entrevistas. Como considerações finais, são propostos delineamentos relativos às ações de acessibilidade e de usabilidade dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem; a utilização destes ambientes por estudantes surdos bem como no processo, desenvolvimento e efetivação da aprendizagem de tais estudantes no âmbito da educação a distância; a compreensão do papel da cognição visual na construção do conhecimento do sujeito surdo e a ações relacionadas ao protagonismo do sujeito surdo nas instituições de ensino considerando as necessidades deste grupo, advindas do próprio sujeito. / This research addresses the issue of accessibility and usability in virtual learning environments that focuses on the development of learning for deaf students. The research problem focuses on the following question: What principles should a virtual learning environment have in order for the deaf student to develop learning? We aim to analyze the virtual learning environment used by the research institution, as well as to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of the environment in the development of deaf student learning, This research has a qualitative approach carried out by means of bibliographical review and empirical research based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews with deaf students, the interpreters of pounds, the coordination of the Accessibility Center of the university locus of the research, as well as the analysis of the virtual learning environment used by the university. In order to investigate the accessibility and usability of virtual learning environments with regard to the development of learning of deaf students, we have elaborated four chapters. The contents present in the chapters relate to the trajectory of distance education in Brazil and in the world, the concepts of accessibility and usability, as well as the access profile of deaf students to education, aspects related to education of the deaf, deaf identity, aspects of learning and visual cognition as a learning possibility. In addition, we discuss the virtual learning environments and how accessibility and usability are concretely constituted in these environments, especially in relation to the learning of deaf students, emphasizing the visual language as a possibility for the development of the learning of deaf students and the methodological path delineating the research subjects, characterizing the research locus and analyzing the data collected in the interviews. As final considerations, proposals are outlined regarding the accessibility and usability actions of virtual learning environments; the use of these environments by deaf students as well as in the process, development and effectiveness of the learning of such students in the scope of distance education; the understanding of the role of visual cognition in the construction of knowledge of the deaf subject and actions related to the protagonism of the deaf subject in educational institutions considering the needs of this group, coming from the subject itself.

A Educação a Distância tem crescido de forma muito expressiva nos últimos anos. Com esse crescimento, a preocupação com a qualidade em cursos ofertados nessa modalidade tem aumentado. Para nortear gestores sobre o que é qualidade nessa modalidade de ensino, referenciais de qualidade foram criados pelo Ministério da Educação, objetivando orientá-los na concepção e na condução dos seus cursos. Um dos fatores abordado nesse referencial de qualidade se trata de que o estudante deve ser o centro do processo educacional, no qual os cursos devem prever vias efetivas de comunicação para que o estudante não se sinta isolado e consequentemente venha a abandoná-lo, diminuindo os índices de retenção dos estudantes e aumentando os índices de evasão. Portanto, o tema presença social, que é a forma com que o estudante se sente pertencente ao seu curso, contribui para o aumento da qualidade do mesmo. Diante disso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema e seus benefícios para essa modalidade de ensino. Também foram apresentadas estratégias que podem ser utilizadas para fomentar a presença social, no que tange o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem quanto aos professores/tutores e estudantes. Porém, para que a presença social seja detectada é necessário que se tenha um instrumento válido e confiável. Diante disso, foram pesquisados instrumentos existentes que pudessem contribuir para atingir o objetivo desta pesquisa. Na pesquisa foi encontrado um instrumento validado num contexto educacional que se mostrou importante para esta pesquisa. Esse instrumento, para ser validado no contexto em que a pesquisa foi realizada, passou por tradução, consulta a especialistas e pré-teste, antes da sua aplicação. Posteriormente, o instrumento foi aplicado para estudantes de um curso de graduação de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior particular e para seus professores/tutores. Para verificar a confiabilidade do construto, foi utilizado o alfa de Cronbach e para a validade do construto foi utilizada a análise fatorial. As análises dos dados mostraram que o instrumento, resultado desta pesquisa, é confiável e válido, podendo contribuir efetivamente para mensurar presença social em cursos de graduação a distância e contribuir com estratégias para melhorar ações nos cursos. / Distance education has increased quite significantly in recent years and this growth has in turn heightened concern about the quality of courses offered in this mode. To guide course managers on what is quality in this type of education, quality guidelines were created by Brazils Ministry of Education in order to guide them in the design and conduction of their courses. One of the factors discussed in this quality referential regards that the student should be the center of the educational process. This means that the courses should provide effective means of communication so that the student does not feel isolated and as a result abandon the course, thereby decreasing students retention rates and increasing dropout rates. Therefore, the theme social presence, which is the way for a student to feel he belongs to his course, contributes to increasing the quality of the course. Therefore, a literature review was conducted on the subject and its benefits to this type of education. Additionally, strategies that can be used to foster social presence were presented both in terms of the virtual learning environment as well as teachers/tutors and students. However, for social presence to be detected it is necessary to have a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the existing instruments that could help achieve the goal of this research were investigated and an instrument validated in an educational context was found, which was vital for this research. For this instrument to be validated in the context in which the research was conducted, prior to its application, it was translated and experts were consulted and pre-test were performed. The instrument was then administered to undergraduate students in a private Higher Education Institution as well as to their teachers/tutors. Cronbach\'s alpha was used to verify the construct reliability and the factor analysis was used to verify the construct validity. The data analysis showed that the instrument, the result of this research, is reliable and valid and can effectively contribute to measure social presence in undergraduate distance courses as well as contribute with strategies to improve course activities.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram desenvolver, implementar e avaliar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA), acerca da \"Assistência de Enfermagem no Acidente Ocupacional com Material Biológico\" com base na metodologia WebQuest, voltado à educação continuada de enfermeiros de uma instituição filantrópica do estado do Paraná. A elaboração do AVA fundamentou-se em três etapas: concepção e planejamento, desenvolvimento e implementação. A etapa 1 consistiu na base do projeto de desenvolvimento do AVA, nos quais foram inseridos os aspectos pedagógicos da elaboração da WebQuest, os objetivos educacionais, os recursos disponíveis, o design instrucional e as técnicas de modelagem. A etapa 2 caracterizou-se pela produção das mídias utilizadas, foram incluídas imagens e concluído o acabamento da WebQuest. A etapa 3 correspondeu na disponibilização da WebQuest em plataforma educacional Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment), possibilitando o acesso às ferramentas da internet. As avaliações dos enfermeiros, acerca da proposta, provaram que a WebQuest como metodologia na prática de educação continuada é atraente e importante para o aprendizado acerca da \"Assistência de Enfermagem no Acidente Ocupacional com Material Biológico\" e demonstraram o interesse desse grupo em trabalhar outros temas na metodologia em questão. Referiram ainda, que o uso de AVA por meio da metodologia WebQuest contribuiu para facilitar e agilizar as tomadas de decisão em enfermagem. Conclui-se,assim, que o uso das tecnologias da informática e da informação, tratadas nesta proposta por meio da metodologia WebQuest, são oportunas na educação continuada de profissionais de enfermagem em unidades hospitalares. / The objectives of this study were to develop, implement and evaluate a virtual learning environment (VLE), about the \"Nursing Care in Occupational Accident with Biological Material\" based on the WebQuest methodology. It aimed at continuing education of nurses from a philanthropic setting in Paraná state. The VLE development was based on three steps: design and planning, development and implementation. Step 1 comprised the basis of the AVA development project in which, the pedagogical aspects of the WebQuest preparation educational objectives, available resources, instructional design and modeling techniques were introduced. Step 2 was characterized by the production of the media used; images were included and completed the finishing of the WebQuest. Step 3 was the availability of WebQuest in the educational platform Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment), enabling access to the internet devices. Assessments of nurses about the proposal have proved that the WebQuest as a methodology in the practice of continuing education is attractive and important for learning about the \"Nursing Care in Occupational Accident with Biological Material\", and demonstrated the group´s interest of working other themes using this methodology. They also reported that the use of VLE through WebQuest methodology helped easing and accelerating Nursing decision-making. Therefore, we concluded that the use of computer and information technologies addressed in this proposal through WebQuest methodology is useful for the Nursing continuing education in the hospital units.

O aprendizado, os conhecimentos e competências matemáticas para um bom desenvolvimento pessoal, de um cidadão que vive em nossa sociedade moderna e capitalista, envolve também lidar com suas finanças, seus rendimentos, seus gastos, despesas, salários, poupança, ética, sustentabilidade, etc. Aperfeiçoar muitas dessas habilidades, para um melhor planejamento e tomada de decisão, exigem uma boa e adequada Educação Financeira que, por sua vez, não pode ser almejada sem o desenvolvimento da Matemática Financeira. Fica assim estabelecida, mais uma vez, a importância da Matemática na formação de um cidadão consciente de seus direitos e deveres. Além do aprendizado cotidiano, essa educação acontece, ou ao menos deveria acontecer, também no ambiente escolar, cujos processos de ensino são permeados por diversos instrumentos auxiliares e dentre estes, um que merece destaque, o Livro Didático. Destaque esse tão evidente que preocupado com a qualidade dos livros, o Ministério da Educação implementa o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático, por meio do qual avalia aqueles que estão aptos e que poderão ou não ser utilizados na Rede Pública de Educação Básica de todo território nacional. O presente trabalho busca analisar os livros didáticos aprovados pelo PNLD 2015, que tinha como foco as coleções destinadas ao Ensino Médio, com uma leitura minuciosa sobre os assuntos e temas ligados à Educação Financeira, observando quais são as possíveis intenções e o potencial dos exercícios propostos. O norte para tal análise foram os cenários para investigação sugeridos por Ole Skovsmose em seus trabalhos de Educação Matemática Crítica. Encontramos, nas coleções observadas, diversos tipos de exercícios que, em sua grande maioria, não possuíam potencial e/ou contextualização que favorecessem seu entendimento ou que colocassem o aluno em uma posição de descobridor ou investigador. Apesar do entrave encontrado, tais problemas, modificados e desenvolvidos de outra maneira, em direção ao estímulo e desenvolvimento do senso crítico do aluno, possuem grande potencial educativo e de formação cidadã. / The learning, the mathematical knowledge and skills for a good personal development, of a citizen who lives in our modern and capitalist society, it also involves dealing with your finances, your income, your expenses, bills, salary, savings, ethics, sustainability, etc. Improving many of these skills, for a better planning and for the taking of decision, require a good and proper financial education which, in turn, cant be achieve without the development of financial mathematics. Is thus established, once again, the importance of mathematics in the formation of a citizen conscious of their rights and duties. In addition to the everyday learning, this education happens, or at least should happen, also in the school environment, whose teaching processes are permeated by several auxiliary instruments and among these, one that deserves attention, the textbook. Highlight this so clear that worried about the quality of the books, the Ministry of Education implements the National Textbook Program, through which evaluates which book is able and may or may not be used on the public network of basic education of all national territory. This study seeks to analyze the approved textbooks approved by PNLD 2015, that had focused on the collections intended for the high school, with an attentive reading about the topics and issues related to financial education, observing what are the possible intentions and the potential of the proposed exercises. The guide for such analysis were the scenarios suggested by Ole Skovsmose at his works about critical mathematics education. We find, in the collections observed, a several types of exercises that, mostly, didnt have potential and/or contextualization that favors the understanding or put the student in a position of discoverer or investigator. Despite the obstacle found, such problems, modified and otherwise developed towards the encouragement and development of student\'s critical sense, have a great educational potential and a civic formation.

Orientador: Cláudia Maria de Lima / Banca: Débora Cristina Jeffrey / Banca: Klaus Schlünzen Junior / Resumo: Esta pesquisa insere-se no contexto da linha de pesquisa "Práticas e Processos Formativos em Educação" e procura compreender se o uso de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem contribui para alterar a forma como os professores avaliam seus alunos, considerando as potencialidades e os recursos disponibilizados no ambiente. Tem por objetivo identificar e analisar as concepções dos docentes sobre as práticas avaliativas presentes no uso de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) e investigar como os alunos percebem a contribuição do AVA na sua (deles) formação, especificamente a avaliação realizada no ambiente, no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, em cursos de um Centro Universitário do oeste do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) privada no oeste do estado de São Paulo que contempla, em seu projeto pedagógico institucional, a possibilidade de utilização de instrumentos característicos da educação a distância (EaD), especificamente o uso de AVA para apoiar, de forma suplementar, o ensino presencial. Utiliza-se de metodologia de natureza qualitativa com delineamento de estudo exploratório. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa professores e alunos da IES privada. Utilizou-se como procedimentos metodológicos de entrevista com os professores a fim de identificar e analisar as concepções do grupo de docentes dos cursos da instituição pesquisada sobre avaliação da aprendizagem em (AVA) e as concepções desse mesmo grupo sobre as práticas avaliativas; além disso, utilizou-se de questionários com os alunos para investigar como eles percebem a contribuição do AVA na sua formação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work introduces in the context of the line of research "Practical and Formative Processes in Education" and it looks for to understand if the virtual learning environment contributes to modify the form as the teachers evaluate their students, considering the potentialities and the resources available in the environment. It has as objective to identify and to analyze the conceptions of the teachers on practical tests using the virtual learning environment and to investigate as the students can feel or understand the contribution of this program on their education, specifically the evaluation when happens in the environment, on the process of education and learning, in courses of a university center of the west of the state of Sao Paulo. The research was developed in a private institution of superior education in the west of the state of Sao Paulo that it contemplates in its institutional pedagogical project, the possibility of using typical instruments of distance learning, specifically the use of the virtual learning environment to support, of additional form, the actual education. The methodology is qualitative with delineation of investigative study. They consist as citizens of the research teachers and students of the institution. It was used as instrument of data collection, interview with the teachers to identify and to analyze the conceptions of the group of professors of the courses of the institution searched about the evaluation of the learning in virtual learning environment and the conceptions of this group on the practical tests; it was used questionnaires with the students to investigate as they perceive the contribution of the virtual learning environment on their academic life... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Ao considerarmos hipoteticamente três alunos com aptidões e potencialidades similares para as aulas de Educação Física, poderemos observar que um deles se identifica e realiza o programa proposto, enquanto outro apenas cumpre com seu dever de participar e para um terceiro as situações que surgem nas aulas são desagradáveis e enfadonhas. As diferenças de motivação podem explicar, em parte, níveis de envolvimento diferenciados. Apesar de sua importância para a aprendizagem, motivação raramente recebe a devida atenção de professores e pesquisadores. Com a realização deste estudo buscou-se discutir a importância do conhecimento e aplicação intencional de conceitos motivacionais em sua complexa dinâmica de desencadeamento. Nesta perspectiva, o professor deve reconhecer não somente temas de planejamento como: metodologia, conteúdos, avaliação e objetivos, mas considerar também a dimensão emocional e motivacional de sua atuação. O presente estudo teve a intenção de compreender o fenômeno motivação em seus diferentes aspectos estabelecendo e analisando as relações mais significativas entre os componentes motivacionais e o processo ensino e aprendizagem em Educação Física. Mediante tal análise, estabeleceu-se o propósito de proporcionar conhecimentos necessários à construção de um ambiente de aprendizagem: a) favorável ao aprimoramento da qualidade de oportunidades de aprendizagem e envolvimento dos alunos frente às atividades propostas, e; b) favorável à criação de impressões positivas relacionadas às atividades físicas e corporais, podendo contribuir assim, na incorporação dessas práticas à vida das pessoas. Dessa maneira este estudo se propôs a apontar orientações didáticas comprometidas com questões motivacionais, compondo diretrizes úteis para desenvolver a motivação em aulas de Educação Física / Considering hypothetically three students with similar aptitudes and potentialities for Physical Educations class, we will be able to observe that one of them can identify himself/herself and accomplish the proposal program, while another one can just fulfills with his/her duty to participate and for a third one the situations that appear in the classes are unpleasant and boring. The motivation differences can explain, in part, differentiated levels of involvements. Although, being important for the learning, motivation rarely receives the significant attention from teachers and researchers. This study searched to examine the importance of the knowledge and intentional application of motivational concepts in its dynamic complex of occurrence. In this perspective, the teacher must not only recognize planning subjects as: methodology, contents, evaluation and objectives, but he must also consider the emotional and motivational dimension of its performance. The present study had the intention to understand the motivation phenomenon in its different aspects, establishing and analyzing the most significant relations between the motivationals components and the process of education and learning in Physical Education. Through such study, it was established the intention to provide the necessary knowledge to the construction of a learning environment: a) favorable to the improvement of the quality of learning opportunities and the students involvements during the activities proposals, and; b) favorable to the creation of positive impressions related to the physical and corporal activities, being able to contribute thus, in the incorporation of these practical to the life of the people. In this way, this study proposed to point didactic orientation compromised with motivationals issues, composing useful lines of direction to develop the motivation in Physical Education\'s classes