Background: occupational injuries are common in health care and social welfare professions. Therefore, the municipality of offers all permanent nursing stuff a 20-hour course in staff - assisted transfers. Objective: to investigate the effects of this course in assisted client transfers with respect to self-reported health care professionals approach in moving situations, sick leave, perceived work load and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the municipal activities, compared with health workers that have not received education during the same time. Method: A Quasi-experimental study with intervention and comparison group of 30 participants in each group. The course was based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model with focus on 1) predisposing factors, 2) reinforcing and 3) enabling factors as these are considered important for the success when implementing a new work approach. The course was divided into 5 half-days and 20 hours in total. The participants responded to a study specific partly Web-based survey before, immediately after and six months after the education. Repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analyses. Results: The nursing stuff reported no change in working methods; to stimulate the patient's own activity and ability to influence their working load. Health care employees perceived work load in general and linked to transfer situations decreased compared to the comparison group. Number of people with self-reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders decreased and sick-leave increased less in the intervention group after the course. Conclusion: Perceived/self-reported work load related to mobility situations and generally decreased after the movement training. / Bakgrund: Arbetsskador är vanligt förekommande inom vård- och omsorgsyrken. En kommun i Mellansverige utbildar därför all tillsvidareanställd vårdpersonal i en 20 timmars förflyttningsutbildning. Syfte: att undersöka effekterna av en verksamhetsanpassad och kompetensinriktad förflyttningsutbildning inom kommunal verksamhet med avseende på vårdpersonalens självrapporterade arbetssätt i förflyttningssituationer, sjukfrånvaro, upplevd arbetstyngd och arbetsrelaterade besvär, jämfört med vårdpersonal som inte genomgått utbildning under motsvarande tid. Metod: En kvasiexperimentell utvärderingsstudie med intervention- och jämförelsegrupp om 30 deltagare i varje grupp. Utbildningen hade sin grund i modellen PRECEDE-PROCEED med fokus på 1) mottagliggörande faktorer, 2) förstärkande faktorer och 3) möjliggörande faktorer då dessa anses viktiga för att lyckas med implementering av ett nytt arbetssätt. Utbildningen var uppdelad på 5 halvdagar om 20h totalt. Deltagarna fick svara på en studiespecifik delvis webbaserad enkät före, direkt efter och 6 månader efter avslutad utbildning. Repeated measures ANOVA användes för statistisk analys. Resultat: Vårdpersonalen rapporterade ingen förändring i arbetssätt; att stimulera brukarens egen aktivitet och förmåga att påverka sin arbetstyngd. Vårdpersonalens upplevda arbetstyngd generellt och kopplat till förflyttningssituationer minskade jämfört med jämförelsegruppen. Färre personer rapporterade arbetsrelaterade besvär och sjukfrånvaron ökade i mindre omfattning i interventionsgruppen efter utbildning. Slutsats: Arbetsrelaterade besvär och upplevd/självrapporterad arbetstyngd generellt och kopplat till förflyttningssituationer minskade efter genomförd förflyttningsutbildning.

This essay has the purpose to explore what awareness women in their professional lives have over how the choices they make affect their pension. Together with the reasoning behind the choices who will later affect their economy in old age retirement. Through connections with staff at a kindergarden I found women who unconstrained choose to be apart of the study, consisting of women in working age in a relationship and they all had children. It was my intention to make a qualitative interview study where I interviewed women to get their thoughts and how they act in certain situations during their professional life. After I had conducted the interwiews I noticed that the results could be seen in relationship to norms and values in socitey. By using a norm theory the answers could be analysed and the norm that was constructed by the women was highlighted. As a complement to the norm theory i used a gender theory to explain why these women took those actions whom was highlighted in these interwiews. The act that was highlighted was that women take more parental leave than men which research proves affects womens economic in retirement negative and the norm that could be constructed was that men work full time.

Stress is the most common reason for sick leave in Sweden today. The physical demands are less in today’s work life, but the psychological demands have increased, resulting in increased stress related ill-health. The aim with the current study was to gain an understanding in how individuals that has been or are on stress-related sick leave experience the social support received at the work place and where they experienced that the primary responsibility for the sick leave was. Nine participants from self-help groups for stress was interviewed with a qualitative hermeneutic approach. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with van Manen’s (1990) “selective or highlighting approach”. The analysis was grounded in four research questions; causes of stress-related sick leave, perceived responsibility for the sick leave, social support, and facilitating factors for returning to work. The result showed that the participants experienced lack of rewards, high demands, low control, lack of social support, insufficient recovery and denial of symptoms of stress. The participants often blamed themselves and took on the primary responsibility. The self-help groups acted as substitute for the lacking social support as well as increased the self-awareness and motivation among the participants.

Intensive care unit nursing shortages are an ongoing issue within the Canadian healthcare system. The goal of this thesis research was to better understand Manitoban intensive care unit (ICU) nurses’ intent to leave or stay. An adapted version of the Conceptual Framework for Predicting Nurse Retention provided the framework to examine ICU nurses’ perceived empowerment, caring, job satisfaction and intent to leave or stay. An online survey was distributed by the College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba to 630 ICU nurses in Manitoba. Ethical approval was obtained from the Education Nursing Research Ethics Board at the University of Manitoba. Findings indicate the majority of ICU nurses who participated in this research were satisfied with their job. Multivariate analyses indicated that job satisfaction was statistically significantly associated with intent to stay. / October 2016

Studien syftade till att explorativt undersöka mäns erfarenheter av att vara föräldraledig samt till att få en ökad förståelse kring deras upplevelser av föräldraledigheten. Tio män som hade varit föräldralediga minst nittio dagar deltog i studien. Intervjuer användes för datainsamling tillsammans med en intervjuguide. En tematisk analys användes för att analysera datamaterialet. Ur analysen skapades tre teman som beskriver mäns upplevelser av att vara föräldraledig. Temana var: Att kliva in i en värld tillsammans med barnet, Förståelsen för partnern samt Traditionella könsroller. Ur berättelserna framkom bland annat att det krävs viss anpassning att hitta sin nya roll i en situation som tidigare tillhört kvinnans domän och att det kan vara svårt att bryta sig in. Respondenterna beskrev hur dem utvecklat en närmare relation till barnen tack vare föräldraledigheten. Vidare belyste respondenterna att gamla könsroller till viss del är framträdande och att inställningen till mäns föräldraledighet inte alltid överensstämmer med dagens diskussioner om ökad jämställdhet. / The study aimed at explorative describe men`s experiences of parental leave and to get a greater understanding of their experiences of parental leave. Ten men who had been on parental leave for at least ninety days participated in the study. Interviews where used in collecting data along with an interview guide. A thematic analysis was used to analyze data. From the analysis three themes that narrate men`s perceptions of parental leave were created. The themes where: To step into a world with the child, Understanding of the partner and Traditional gender roles. The stories revealed among other things that it takes some adjustment to find their new role in a situation that previously belonged to the woman`s domain and that it can be difficult to enter. The respondents described how they developed a closer relationship with the children thanks to parental leave. Futhermore the respondents highlighted that old gender roles to some extent is prominent and that the attitude towards men´s parental leave is not always consistent with today´s discussions about greater equality.

Les nombreux modèles de turnover que l’on peut trouver dans la littérature en Gestion des Ressources Humaines illustrent l’importance de la fidélisation des salariés à l’entreprise.L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser l’effet de l’« étape de carrière » sur les facteurs de fidélisation et sur le niveau de fidélité des salariés. Ce travail est également l’occasion d’étudier les déterminants de l’étape de carrière et de débattre autour de l’impact de l’appartenance à la génération Y sur l’intention de quitter l’entreprise.Pour répondre à ces questions de recherche, une enquête par questionnaires a été réalisée en janvier 2011 auprès de salariés français d’une entreprise franco-américaine et de deux entreprises françaises. L’échantillon est composé de 478 répondants : 206 vendeurs, 150 techniciens, 76 salariés de fonctions support et 46 de fonctions indéfinies. La population étudiée a un niveau de qualification faible à moyen (CAP/BEP/BAC à BAC+2/BTS).Les résultats confirment (1) le rôle central de la satisfaction extrinsèque au travail et de l’implication affective organisationnelle dans un modèle de turnover et (2) l’influence du score à l’étape de carrière d’un individu à la fois sur les facteurs de fidélisation et l’intention de quitter l’entreprise.Le profil du salarié a également un impact sur les facteurs de fidélisation et sur l’intention de quitter. Le score à une étape de carrière est peu influencé par l’âge et les différentes formes d’ancienneté.L’appartenance à la génération Y, plutôt qu’à la génération X ou à celle des Baby Boomers, n’influence pas l’intention de quitter l’entreprise, du moins telle qu’elle est mesurée par l’appartenance à une tranche d’âge. / The numerous turnover models found in the Human Resource Management literature illustrate the importance of employee loyalty to the company.The objective of this thesis is to analyze the “career stage” effect on employee loyalty-building factors and on employee loyalty to the company. This work also gives the opportunity to study the determinants of the career stage and to debate the impact of belonging to generation Y on the intention to leave the company.To answer our research question, surveys have been administered in January 2011 to French employees from a Franco-American company and from two French companies. The sample is composed of 478 respondents: 206 salespeople, 150 technicians, 76 support staff and 46 undefined jobs. The studied population has a low and medium qualification level CAP/BEP/BAC to BAC+2/BTS).The results confirm (1) the central role of extrinsic job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment in a turnover model and (2) the influence of an individual’s career stage on both his loyalty-building factors and his intention to leave the company.The employee profile also has an impact on loyalty-building factors and on employee intention to leave. Moreover, age and the different kinds of tenure have little influence on the score to a career stage.Belonging to the generation Y, rather than to the generation X or to the Baby Boomers generation, does not influence employee intention to leave as far as generational belonging is measured by age groups.

LL.M. (Labour Law) / This minor dissertation critically evaluates the legal position of employees’ rights regarding parental leave. The right to maternity, paternity and parental leave dramatically varies between many countries, namely the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Norway, Namibia, Kenya and South Africa. The fact that only women can give birth to a child has stereotypically created a view that only women should be entitled to parental leave. The argument that is presented in this dissertation is fathers are not treated as women’s equal when it comes to parental leave, specifically in South African legislation. The question that this dissertation aims to address is why women are primarily given the responsibility of caregiver, through parental leave, while men are excluded from any rights to parental leave. The aim of this research is to compare and evaluate the legal position of parental leave in a South African with other foreign countries.

Abstract   Title: How parental leave policies influence employee engagement   Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration   Author: Patrick Hammer and Rickard Palmgren   Supervisor: Tomas Källquist and Pär Vilhelmsson   Date: 2019 – June     Aim: Several studies have found that perceived flexibility and the ability to manage the demands of work and personal life are related to higher levels of employee engagement and expected retention. However, little research have been done to explore the relationship between parental leave (a component of work-life balance) and employee engagement and retention. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding about how parental leave influence employee engagement, and subsequent employee retention.   Method: This study is based on a social constructive and hermeneutic perspective. Empirical data was collected through 18 semi-structured interviews with employees in Sweden and the United States. The findings were compared to previous research with an abductive approach. Theoretical and empirical findings were combined and resulted in a new model based on the aim of this study.   Result & Conclusions: Our model illustrates how parental leave influence employee engagement and retention from an employee perspective. Parental leave was found to influence employee engagement and retention in four main ways (themes), which are relationship with manager, salary and career opportunities, alignment of values, and well-being.   Contribution of the thesis: From a theoretical perspective, the model we developed is useful as it highlights how employee engagement is influenced by parental leave policies. From a practical perspective, this model can be used by managers and leaders in organizations worldwide that are looking to understand drivers of employee engagement and how to increase employee retention.   Suggestions for future research: Further research is needed to test this model in different contexts to confirm its accuracy. For future research, this model can be tested from the manager or management perspective, which could identify new components that can be added to the model.   Key words: Parental leave, employee engagement, employee retention, work-life balance, family friendly policies

Legal status of persons taking care of children in the labor market This dissertation deals with the legal status of persons taking care of children with respect to their participation in the labor market. The dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of these persons, focusing especially on the employees' work-life balance. The dissertation deals in particular with the issues of working conditions of pregnant women, breastfeeding employees and employed mothers in the period of nine months after childbirth, and employees taking care of a child. The dissertation analyses the legal regulations of individual labor law institutes in relation to person taking care of children such as part-time work. The dissertation analyses atypical employment relationships resulting from the need to care of a child. In addition to providing an analysis of the current legislative framework, the dissertation also deals with contemporary case law, in particular the judicial decisions concerning part-time work. The dissertation describes overlaps with other areas of law, i.e. social security law and tax law, and identifies new trends such as the development of childcare services, in particular for children under three years of age, and process getting shorter parental leave resulting from changes...

Syftet med kandidatuppsatsen är att undersöka hur kvinnliga och manliga chefer upplever möjligheten att kombinera föräldraskapet och chefskapet samt hur könsrelaterade mönster kan förstås i förhållande till föräldraledighet och karriäravancemang utifrån ett genusperspektiv. Resultaten visar på att chefer uppfattar svårigheter med att kombinera föräldraskap och chefskap genom den höga grad av tillgänglighet som krävs av chefskapet. Vidare fastställer resultatet att flertalet chefer som intervjuats ångrar omfånget av sin uttagna föräldraledighet och skulle vid ett nytt ställningstagande tagit ut en längre sammansatt period av föräldraledighet. Resultatet påvisar vidare att könsrelaterade mönster framkommer i form av hur föräldraledigheten tagits ut samt vilka förutsättningar män och kvinnor anses är nödvändiga för att kunna kombinera chefskapet och föräldraskapet. För att förklara de könsrelaterade skillnaderna används genusrelaterade teorier som ett teoretiskt verktyg. Studien genomförs med en kvalitativ forskning där tio semistrukturerade intervjuer representerar en jämn uppdelning av kvinnor och män då ett jämförande perspektiv genomförs i analysen av det empiriska materialet. På svenska stora företag vittnar tidigare forskning om att en ekonomisk aspekt är en av orsakerna till att arbetsgivare inte arbetar främjande för att underlätta föräldraledigheten. Genom detta kan resultatet av denna kandidatuppsats verka som ett komplement till den tidigare forskningen genom att denna studie har fokuserat på små och medelstora företag. Vidare kan uppsatsen användas som ett praktiskt underlag vilket beskriver de ekonomiska, etiska och strukturella överväganden som kan uppkomma vid situationer som rekrytering, kompetensförsörjning och organisatoriska besluttaganden i förhållande till föräldraledighet. / The essay aims to examine how male and female managers experience the possibilities to combine parenting with their manager positions; as well as examining how patterns between their relationships to parental leave and career advancement can be explained based on gender studies. The result presents that parents holding a manager level position are experiencing difficulties with combining this with parenting, especially based on the high level of accessibility required at such position. Furthermore, the results states that the majority of managers who were interviewed regret their scope of parental leave taken and, in the case of a new position, would have taken a longer subsequent period of parental leave. The results also presented that the gender related pattern is attendant in terms of how the parental leave has been utilized; and what prerequisites women and men are considered essential in order to be able to combine managerial advancement with parenting. Gender related theories has been used to analyze and explain the gender related differences. The study was conducted with a qualitative research where ten semi structured interviews were conducted. Both genders were equally represented in the interviews, as a comparative perspective was implemented in the analysis of the empirical material. Previous research on large Swedish corporations, has shown that the financial aspect is one of the underlying factors for why employers are not promoting to facilitate parental leave. The results presented in this essay, can operate as a complement to the previous research; since this study has focused on small and medium-sized companies. Furthermore, this thesis can be used as a practical basis, which describes the financial, ethical, and structural considerations that may arise during recruitment, provision of skills, and organizational decisions in relationship to parental leave.