Orientador: Eni de Lourdes Puccinelli Orlandi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbosaFilho_FabioRamos_M.pdf: 766791 bytes, checksum: 24beb3b37a3ed43c5bd93ede931bb0cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Buscamos, neste trabalho, compreender os modos de textualização da organização urbana a partir das formas pelas quais ela é formulada em diferentes domínios do saber urban(ístic)o. Essa vontade toca, de imediato, a problemática (epistemológica) da constituição da cidade enquanto objeto de conhecimento. Problemática igualmente política, visto que esse saber funciona e circula numa sociedade dividida em que os sentidos estão em contínuo processo de litígio. Para tanto, analisaremos um corpus difuso, composto por diferentes manifestações do saber urban(ístic)o: a) o discurso técnico, b) o discurso jurídico-administrativo e c) o discurso da liderança comunitária. Nosso objetivo é analisar o funcionamento da tensão que se estabelece na textualização desse espaço e avaliar de que modo ela situa a diferença entre o saber ordinário e o saber autorizado dos especialistas (falas da ciência, do jurídico e da administração pública). A partir da análise dessas diferenças cabe também avaliar em que medida essas falas se entrelaçam na memória discursiva e se assentam em já-ditos da "mesma" ordem / Abstract: We aim, in this work, to understand the modes of textualization of urban organization by the ways it is formulated in different areas of urban(istic) knowledge. This question touch immediately, the (epistemologic) problem of the constitution of the city as an object of knowledge. Problem that's also political, since this knowledge works and circulates in a divided society in wich the meanings are in constant litigation. We'll analyse a diffuse corpus, composed by different manifestations of urban(istic) knowledge: a) the technical discourse; b) legal and administrative discourse; c) the discourse of community leadership. Our purpose is to analyse the functioning of the tension that settles in the textualization of this space and asses show it situates the difference between ordinary knowledge and the authorized (specialized) knowledge. From the analysis of these differences, we aim to asses how these discourses are interwoven in the discoursive memory and based on already-saids of the "same" order / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

D.Litt. et Phil. / This thesis constitutes an investigation into the complexity of Afrikaans legal language and explores the challenges of plain language in South Africa. It argues that language is a powerful tool, which can either be used for inclusion or exclusion. The requirement for the use of plain language as stipulated in the National Credit Act and the Consumer Protection Act is intended to improve the quality and accessibility of consumer-related documents, with vulnerable consumers in mind. South African businesses, organisations and suppliers are required to make their consumer documents available in plain and understandable language. This requirement has far-reaching implications for both the consumer industry and the language industry. Although the definition of plain language in the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 and the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 is comprehensive and theoretically sound, its practical implementation remains a challenge. Some empirical work has been done on the comprehensibility of institutional and other documents in South Africa, but these studies are mainly limited to health texts and the focus is primarily on English. In light of the language distribution and the fact that less than 10% of South Africans speak English as a home language, coupled with alarming educational attainment rates, it does not automatically follow that consumer documents that are written in plain English will be accessible to all consumers. In the framework of plain language legislation in South Africa, there is now a pressing need to extend plain language research to the other official languages as well, and to find ways to incorporate South Africa’s language distribution into a plain language policy. This study is in Afrikaans, about Afrikaans and for Afrikaans. Morever, in the absence of guidelines for methods or standards of assessing whether a consumer-related document satisfies the requirements for plain and understandable language, plain language practitioners are working in a vacuum, without any indication of the assessment criteria that will be applied to measure compliance.

This dissertation proposes a novel treatment of deontic modals such as permission, obligation and prohibition with special attention to applicability to legal language.

The judges of the United States Supreme Court (SCOTUS) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) take similar decisions on fundamental rights issues. However, they function in different contexts where politics and media attention are concerned. The aim of this study is to investigate, in line with Bhatia’s (2006) theory on variation in professional genres, whether this difference influences the language use of the judges. The material for the study consists of dissenting opinions written by individual judges of the two courts. These opinions were searched for boosters with a corpus analysis toolkit. Subsequently the boosters were classified into four pragmatic categories based on Boginskaya (2022). As a qualitative step the dissenting opinions were analysed to establish how the judges used the categories of boosters, especially when positioning themselves towards the majority. The findings show that boosters occur frequently in the dissents of both courts and that these boosters are to a large degree identical, but that the SCOTUS judges use boosters considerably more often on average. Analysis of the categories of boosters revealed that SCOTUS justices use them frequently to express that the viewpoint of the majority is inconceivable. ECtHR judges, by comparison, are less confrontational. The findings also indicate a large degree of variation between individual judges within both courts. This study points to how the use of boosters by dissenting judges takes shape in a ‘triangle of dissent’, in which the culture and practice of the court, the characteristics of the genre and the background and intentions of the individual judge come together. These three dimensions shape the way in which the dissenting judge as a professional uses boosters and, in doing so, aligns him or herself towards the majority. The thesis contributes to genre analysis, refines the analysis of booster use and offers a basis for further linguistic study into dissenting opinions, the effect of legal culture on legal discourse and for (comparative) studies on discourse of the SCOTUS and the ECtHR.

This work is concerned with romanisms which appear in the terminology of Nový občanský zákoník (Czech Civil Code) and with translation of selected terms into French while special attention is paid to legal concepts. The first chapters deal with the themes of legal language and its translation, translation techniques, loanwords in the Czech language, and romanisms. The following chapter describes the research and the methodology, in addition to analyse of the received results from the perspective of found romanisms and from the perspective of searching appropriate French equivalents. The output of this thesis is a glossary which contains the selected terms and the proposed French translations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Filardi Pereira.pdf: 1009184 bytes, checksum: 32142028f50951429efb99f86d57e731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 / This article aims to discuss the consequences of the judicial decisions over the civil society. The Democratic State Law establishes the need for a judiciary that fully justify their decisions and enable a full participation of the citizens by courts. The State-Judge should no longer be imposed by force but by convincing the citizens and credibility judgments. The technical regulations for open clauses makes the ruling exercise by the magistrates more stormy, and demands a justification for jurisdictional activity through motivation of judicial decisions. Only with a complete and thorough motivation of judicial decisions, citizens can understand the extent of the rule of law applied. It is undeniable that the motivation of judicial acts is consistent with the presence of a State which is self-justified and that is attentive to popular aspirations. The complete motivation of the decisions is consequence of a State in which popular participation is encouraged and inherent to social life / Trata-se de trabalho voltado para debater os reflexos das decisões judiciais junto à sociedade civil. O Estado Democrático Direito consagra a necessidade de um Poder Judiciário que justifique exaustivamente suas decisões e possibilite plena participação dos jurisdicionados na prestação da tutela jurisdicional. O Estado-Juiz não deve mais se impor pela força e sim pelo convencimento dos jurisdicionados e credibilidade de julgamentos. A técnica normativa de cláusulas abertas torna o exercício de aplicação do direito pelos magistrados muito mais tormentoso, sendo imperiosa a necessidade de justificação da atividade juridicional através da motivação das decisões judiciais. Somente com a completa e exaustiva motivação das decisões judiciais, os jurisdicionados poderão compreender a extensão de inicidência da norma jurídica. Mostra-se inegável que a motivação dos atos judiciais se coaduna com a presença de um Estado que se justifica e que está atento aos anseios populares. A completa motivação dos julgados é decorrência de um Estado em que a participação popular é estimulada e inerente à vida social

El desenvolupament que han tingut recentment els programes d'alineació de corpus bilingües obre noves perspectives en l'estudi dels textos d'especialitat. La seva utilització permet contrastar i evidenciar diferències discursives entre textos especialitzats paral·lels en llengües diferents, fet que constitueix un benefici a l'hora de tractar el coneixement comparatiu entre un i altre discurs. Tanmateix, la formalització d'aquest coneixement resulta una tasca complexa i així ho demostren els casos de soroll en els resultats dels programes.Partint d'un corpus de textos jurisprudencials paral·lels catalans i castellans i utilitzant el programa ALINEA, fem un estudi descriptiu de detall sobre les diferències discursives entre els textos jurisprudencials catalans i castellans per tal de formalitzar el coneixement comparatiu del discurs jurídic (jurisprudencial) català i castellà. Establim una tipologia dels fenòmens lingüístics propis d'aquest discurs que poden generar alineacions insatisfactòries, n'estudiem les causes i fem una proposta de tractament lexicogràfic i d'estratègies complementàries (regles lingüístiques) per millorar els resultats de l'alineació d'aquest tipus de textos. / Recent development in alignment programs of bilingual corpora open horizons in studies about specialized texts. Its use let to contrast and to show discoursive differences between parallel specialized texts in different languages. This constitues a benefit in the treatment of comparative knowledge between one discourse and the other. Nevertheless, the formalization of this knowledge is a complex task and, so, the cases of noise in the results of the programs show it.Considering a corpus of Catalan and Spanish jurisprudencial parallel texts and using the ALINEA program, we present a descriptive study of detail about the discoursive differences between Catalan and Spanish jurisprudencial texts in order to formalize the comparative knowledge of Catalan and Spanish legal (jurisprundencial) discourse. We set a typology of own linguistic phenomena about this type of discourse which can generate non satisfactory alignments, we study the causes of this and we make a proposal of lexicographic treatment and of supplementary strategies (linguistic rules) in order to improve the results of the alignment of this type of texts.

The thesis deals with different aspects of nominal collocations in Italian legislation, respectively in the Italian Civil Code (codice civile). The introductory part focuses on theory and is divided into two areas. The first area covers the most important legal and linguistic issues of the language of law and its lexical means. The description of individual legal texts according to their functional styles is drawn from an analysis of individual functions of law as a complex social phenomenon. The practical part of the thesis focuses on three groups of issues. First, all excerpts were subject to the grammatical, syntactic and conceptual analyses. The second and third chapters deal with an analysis of the main issues from the perspective of translation and lexicography respectively. Special attention is paid to the existence or absence of an identical concept in both the Italian and Czech legal systems, differences in the content and scope of related concepts and potential equivalents.

On effectue une analyse de la langue du droit de l’Union européenne (UE), en comparant, dans une visée contrastive, les tournures et structures caractéristiques du français avec celles du BCMS, et on aborde certaines problématiques liées à la traduction des textes juridiques de l’UE dans cette langue autrefois dénommée serbo-croate, et aujourd’hui connue sous un sigle reprenant les initiales des dénominations : bosniaque, croate, monténégrin et serbe. Cette étude se fonde sur une approche analytique d’un corpus parallèle constitué de quatre versions linguistiques (anglaise, française, croate et monténégrine) de l’Accord de stabilisation et d’association entre les Communautés européennes et leurs États membres d’une part, et la République du Monténégro, d’autre part. Ce document se rattache au droit conventionnel de l’UE et constitue le pilier du processus de stabilisation et d’association dans le cadre duquel s’effectue l’intégration des pays des Balkans occidentaux au sein de l’UE. / We analyse EU legal language, compare and contrast French characteristic structures with those of BCMS and examine problems related to the translation of EU legal texts into this language, formerly named Serbo-Croatian and today known by the initials of the names: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian. This research is based on an analytical approach to a parallel corpus consisting of four language versions (English, French, Croatian and Montenegrin) of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Montenegro, of the other part. This document is part of the EU’s international agreements which is a pillar of the Stabilisation and Association process, the framework for the integration of Western Balkan countries into the EU.

The presented diploma thesis is concerned with German-Czech comparison of the passive voice in legal language. In the theoretical part, the issue of German and Czech passive voice is explained through technical secondary literature. One can find there their basic forms differentiation, the way of their formation, their use in sentences and other basic characteristics. Furthermore, this part introduces the issue of technical language as the current area of today's linguistics. The theoretical findings are employed in the practical part, namely on the Maastricht contract. Firstly, the passive of the German variant of the document is analyzed followed by the analysis of the Czech version. Both of these parts are the starting point of the contrasting exploration of the two language varieties of the mentioned legal document. Czech alternatives to their German passive voice constructions were found, following these three criteria: substitution of German passive voice by Czech active voice, semantic dissonance between the two variants, and the absence of certain passive constructions in the Czech contract. At the end of the thesis, there is an evaluation of the following four hypotheses which were stated at the beginning. The first three hypotheses, which are concerned with matters such as the superiority...