In dieser Arbeit wurde die systematische Suche nach krankheitsassoziierten Genen bei periodischer Katatonie fortgeführt. Für diese Erkrankung war die klinische Abgrenzbarkeit und die familiäre Häufung signifikant und ließ aufgrund der vertikalen Transmission und dem Auftreten über mehrere Generationen und hinweg auf einen Hauptgeneffekt schließen. Nach der Durchführung von Kopplungs-Analysen kristallisierten sich zwei koppelnde Regionen auf den Chromosomen 15 und 22 heraus. Mittels Haplotypanalyse konnte der Genort auf Chromosom 22q13 auf einen knapp 5 Mbp großen Bereich eingeschränkt werden. Im kodierenden Bereich des MLC1-Genes segregierte im mit periodischer Katatonie assoziierten Haplotyp eine Variante (p.Leu309Met). Da Mutationen im MLC1-Gen bereits im Zusammenhang mit Megalenzephaler Leukoenzephalopathie beschrieben worden waren, wurden in dieser Arbeit zunächst fünf Patienten mit dieser Erkrankung auf Mutationen in kodierenden Bereichen von MLC1 systematisch untersucht. Daran schloss sich eine Analyse dieses Gens bei 140 Patienten mit periodischer Katatonie an. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Mutationen in MLC1 und dem Auftreten von Megalenzephaler Leukoenzephalopathie wurde untermauert, wohingegen die Ergebnisse eindeutig gegen eine Assoziation mit periodischer Katatonie sprachen. Ein weiteres im Gehirn exprimiertes Kandidatengen (KIAA0767/DIP) wurde in dieser Arbeit untersucht. Dabei wurden sechs SNPs im exonnahen intronischen Bereich entdeckt sowie eine Variante im Exonbereich (p.Glu156Asn). Dies ist eine seltene Normvariante, eine Assoziation zur periodischen Katatonie wurde in einer Fall-Kontroll-Studie ausgeschlossen. Insgesamt wurde durch die systematische Mutationsanalyse die Kandidatenregion auf Chromosom 22q13.3 weiter eingeengt. Gegen einen Zusammenhang zwischen MLC1 und periodischer Katatonie sprechen die vorgestellten validen Ergebnisse. / The present dissertation has carried on the systematic screening for genes involved in periodic catatonia. The clinical definition and the familial clustering of this disorder were of statistical significance. Its vertical transmission and the occurrence across generations led to the conclusion of it being a major gene effect. Linkage scans discovered two linking regions on chromosome 15 and chromosome 22. Using haplotype analysis it was possible to restrict the candidate region on chromosome 22q13 to region of 5 Mbp. In the coding region of the MLC1 gene a variant (p.Leu309Met) segregated in the haplotype associated with periodic catatonia. As detailed descriptions of mutations in the MLC1 gene in connection with megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy already exist, for the present dissertation five patients with the aforesaid disorder were systematically screened for mutations in the coding regions of MLC1. This was followed by an analysis of the according gene in 140 patients with periodic catatonia, which substantiated a correlation between mutations in MLC1 and the occurrence of megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy, whereas the results definitely did not support an association with periodic catatonia. Additionally, a further brain-expressed candidate gene (KIAA0027/DIP) was screened in this dissertation discovering six single nucleotide polymorphisms in the intronic exon-near region and a variant in the exonic region (p.Glu156Asn). This is a rare normal variant, an association with periodic catatonia was excluded in a case-control study. Altogether the systematic mutation analysis enabled a further reduction of the candidate region on chromosome 22q13.3. The research results, which meet the criterion of validity, do not support a correlation between MLC1 and periodic catatonia.

William S. Lind och Robert Leonhard har båda givit ut skrifter som behandlar begreppet manöverkrigföring. Försvarsmakten skall vid operationer använda sig av manövertänkandet som enligt doktrinen har sin grund i manöverkrigföring. Den svenska doktrinen avser att ta utgångspunkt i teorin men lämnar fåtalet referenser till detta i sin utformning. Uppsatsen syftar till att studera likheterna mellan William S Lind och Robert Leonhards teorier om manöverkrigföring, och det manövertänkande som finns i Doktrin för gemensamma operationer. Författaren har genom en kvalitativ textanalys tagit ut ett antal indikatorer från teorierna som sedan har analyserats i doktrinen för att finna liknelser dessa emellan. Resultatet visar att Lind och Leonhards teorier om manöverkrigföring i vissa avseenden kan liknas vid doktrinen, samt att fler liknelser till Linds teori har funnits i doktrinen. Dock är det överlag få liknelser som har påträffats. / William S. Lind and Robert Leonhard have both published papers that explain how they look on maneuver warfare. Swedish Armed Forces during operations make use of maneuver thinking that is based on maneuver warfare according to the doctrine. The Swedish doctrine refers to the basis of the theory, but provides few references to this in their design.The paper aims to study the similarities between William S. Lind and Robert Leonhard's theory of maneuver warfare, and the wordings which are in Doctrine for joint operations.The author has through a qualitative textual analysis made a number of indicators from the theories that have been analyzed in the doctrine to find similarities between them.The results show that Lind and Leonhard's theory of maneuver warfare are in some respects similar to the doctrine, and more similarities has been found in Lind's theory than in Leonhard's. But it is overall few similarities that have been found.

Thesis--Leiden--Universiteit Leiden, 2003. / Contient un résumé en afrikaans. Bibliogr. p. [145]-156.

Denna uppsats behandlar tysk operationskonst under andra världskriget utifrån ett tidsperspektiv med betoning på rörligt försvar inom ramen för en operativ defensiv. Detta är en teorikonsumerande uppsast som syftar till att utveckla förståelsen av begreppet kraftsamling i tid. Robert Leonhards teori om tidsaspektens betydelse appliceras på en teoretisk ansats om tysk operationskonst  och på den tyska defensiven i Donkröken vintern 1942-1943.

Zugl.: Budapest, Univ., Diss., 2001

Considering the Chinese Postman Problem, in which a mailman must deliver mail to houses in a neighborhood. The mailman must cover each side of the street that has houses, at least once. The focus of this paper is our attempt to discover the optimal path, or the least number of times each street is walked. The integration of algorithms from graph theory and operations research form the method used to explain solutions to the Chinese Postman Problem.

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the conditions of the existence and properties of the Euler line of a triangle in the hyperbolic plane. Poincaré's conformal disk model and Hermitian matrices were used in the analysis.ʹ

In this thesis the author presents a history of non-convergent series which, in the past, played an important role in mathematics. Euler's formula, Stirling's series and Poincare's theory are examined to show the development of asymptotic series, a subdivision of divergent series.

A combination of global insecurity and recent aggressions within European borders has forced the Swedish Armed Forces to change its focus back to territorial defense. With this change in focus an increase in armed capabilities especially within rebuilding and reshaping the brigades with focus on the application of combined arms within maneuver warfare has been identified. With the current manuals and guidelines concerning combined arms a gap concerning its tactical success and origin has been identified which leads to how tactical success can be explained with combined arms. This study aims to explain tactical success with the help of Robert Leonhards theory of combined arms during the Yom Kippur war. Even though a clear absence of organizational structure favoring combined arms, several events during the war show a relative clear application of combined arms within the Israeli forces. The theory has partly explained the tactical successes within the given frames of the study, but several other factors could furthermore explain said tactical successes.

Combined arms is a central and integral part of how Sweden’s armed forces choose to operate on strategic, operative and tactical level. Despite this fact the manuals, regulations and doctrine which Sweden’s armed forces rely on does not allow for tracing the military theory behind the concept. Focusing on Sweden’s light air assault battalion, which only have lighter weapons, the question arise on how they are to achieve combined arms. The study’s aim was to get an answer if combined arms also are applicable to airborne and air assult operations. To tackle this question this study used Robert Leonhard’s theory of combined arms and asked the question of how it can explain success and failure in two historic cases, operation Mercur 1941 and operation Market Garden 1944. The analysis focused on the initial three days of each operation. The method used was a qualitative textanalysis of empirical descriptions of the events during the initial phases of the operations using indicators deducted from Robert Leonhard´s theory of combined arms. The result was that combined arms was used extensively in operation Mercur and by quite a large degree in operation Market Garden. What the analysis show is that despite the fact that it was used to quite an extent during operation Market Garden it was not sufficient to achieve success, however in operation Mercur it played a big role in achieving success. The analysis on the operations showed that other factors played a role such as veterancy, differences in equipment and tactics but also a difference in numbers.