published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1979.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1979. / Also available in print.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-02-13T15:10:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5741738 bytes, checksum: 02add042fb42b01ca9dfe6c88e77ace8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T15:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5741738 bytes, checksum: 02add042fb42b01ca9dfe6c88e77ace8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Begomovírus (gênero Begomovirus, família Geminiviridae) possuem um ou dois componentes genômicos de DNA circular de fita simples, encapsidados em partículas icosaédricas geminadas. A maioria dos begomovírus presentes no Novo Mundo (NM) são bissegmentados, enquanto no Velho Mundo (VM) prevalecem os monossegmentados, frequentemente associados a duas classes de DNAs satélites: alfassatélites e betassatélites. Recentemente, alfassatélites foram relatados em associação com begomovírus bissegmentados no NM. Membros do gênero Begomovirus são responsáveis por doenças em culturas economicamente importantes em todo o mundo. Begomovírus que infectam Ipomoea spp. (família Convolvulaceae), comumente denominados "sweepovírus", possuem organização genômica típica dos vírus monossegmentados do VM, porém são filogeneticamente distintos das demais espécies do gênero. O entendimento da dinâmica e variabilidade genética de populações virais em plantas não-cultivadas é importante para auxiliar na previsão e prevenção de doenças em plantas cultivadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: (i) estudar a diversidade de espécies de begomovírus em dois hospedeiros não-cultivados amplamente distribuídos no Brasil, Sida spp. e Leonurus sibiricus; (ii) determinar a estrutura e a variabilidade genética das populações de begomovírus em Sida spp. e L. sibiricus; (iii) determinar a variabilidade genética de deltassatélites associados a sweepovírus infectando Ipomoea indica no sul da Espanha, expandindo a análise para outras regiões geográficas. Para os dois primeiros objetivos, o DNA total foi extraído de plantas de Sida spp. e L. sibiricus coletadas nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul de 2009 a 2011, e os genomas virais foram amplificados, clonados e sequenciados. A maioria das amostras de Sida spp. estavam infectadas pelo Sida micrantha mosaic virus (SiMMV). Foram encontradas também três novas espécies. A maioria absoluta das amostras de L. sibiricus estavam infectadas pelo Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV). Dois alfassatélites foram encontrados: Euphorbia yellow mosaic alphasatellite em Sida sp. e um novo alfassatélite em L. sibiricus. As populações de SiMMV e ToYSV possuem alta variabilidade genética. Embora um elevado nível de recombinação tenha sido detectado, a dinâmica mutacional é o fator primário de diversificação. Os resultados são inconclusivos em relação a estruturação baseada em localização geográfica. Para o terceiro objetivo, DNA foi extraído de plantas de I. indica coletadas no sul da Espanha em 2015, e amplificação por círculo rolante (RCA), uma técnica que leva a amplificação de moléculas de ssDNA circulares sem o conhecimento prévio da sequência nucleotídica, foi usada para clonar os deltassatélites e seus sweepovírus associados, Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) e Sweet potato mosaic virus (SPMV). Deltassatélites apresentaram baixa variabilidade de sequência, ausência de recombinação e de estruturação geográfica. Além disso, uma quimera sweepovírus- satélite com um tamanho similar ao dos deltassatélites foi detectada. / Begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) possess one or two genomic components of circular, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) encapsidated in geminate icosahedral particles. Most begomoviruses in the New World (NW) are bipartite, while the majority in the Old World (OW) are monopartite and frequently associated with two classes of satellite DNAs: alphasatellites and betasatellites. Alphasatellites have been recently reported in association with bipartite begomoviruses in the NW. Members of the genus Begomovirus are responsible for important crop diseases worldwide. Begomoviruses that infect Ipomoea spp. (family Convolvulaceae), commonly known as "sweepoviruses", have the typical genomic organization of OW monopartite viruses but are phylogenetically distinct from all other species in the genus. Understanding the dynamics and genetic variability of viral populations in non-cultivated hosts is important for the prediction and consequent prevention of new virus diseases in cultivated plants. This work aimed to: (i) assess the diversity of begomoviruses in two non-cultivated hosts widely distributed in Brazil, Sida spp. and Leonurus sibiricus; (ii) determine the genetic structure and variability of begomovirus populations infecting Sida spp. and L. sibiricus; (iii) determine the genetic variability of deltasatellites associated with sweepoviruses infecting Ipomoea indica in Spain and expand the analysis to other geographical areas. For the first two objectives, total DNA was extracted from samples of Sida spp. and L. sibiricus collected in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul from 2009 to 2011 and viral genomes were amplified, cloned and sequenced. In Sida spp. the most prevalent virus was Sida micrantha mosaic virus (SiMMV). In addition, three new species were also detected. The vast majority of L. sibiricus samples were infected by Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV). Two alphasatellites were found: Euphorbia yellow mosaic alphasatellite in Sida sp. and a new alphasatellite associated with ToYSV in L. sibiricus. Both the SiMMV and ToYSV populations have a high degree of genetic variability. Although a high level of recombination was detected, mutational dynamics was the primary factor of diversification. The results were inconclusive regarding genetic structuration based on geography. For the third objective, DNA was extracted from I. indica samples collected in southern Spain in 2015 and rolling circle amplification (RCA), a technique that allows amplification of circular ssDNA molecules without previous knowledge of nucleotide sequence, was used to clone deltasatellites and two associated sweepoviruses, Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) and Sweet potato mosaic virus (SPMV). Deltasatellites showed low sequence variability, no evidence of recombination, and no obvious geographical structuration. Also, a sweepovirus- deltasatellite chimera with a size similar to deltasatellites was detected.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / Leonotis leonurus, a South African indigenous medicinal plant, is frequently used in the form of a tea. However, this dosage form has many disadvantages. Consequently three L. leonurus solid extract preparations were prepared and explored as possible replacements of the tea form, but very little was known about their physical and chemical stability during storage. The specific objectives were to: (i) prepare a freeze dried aqueous extract (FDAE), 20 % aqueous ethanol (Aq EtOH) extract and calcium alginate beads of the FDAE form of L. leonurus, (ii) characterize the extracts using parameters of select physical and chemical features and, (iii) determine the long-term stability of the extracts. It was hypothesised that the Aq EtOH extract would contain higher levels of chemical marker compounds (marrubiin and leonurine) than the FDAE and calcium alginate FDAE beads of L. leonurus and, that the calcium alginate FDAE beads would have greater stability (i.e. longer shelf-life) than the FDAE and the Aq EtOH extract. The three L. leonurus solid extracts were prepared using accepted published methods. For the physical characterization of the extracts, the organoleptic properties were determined using the natural senses (e.g. sight, smell, taste, etc.) and for chemical characterization, total phenol content (TPC; using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method), total flavonoid content (TFC; using aluminium chloride-methanol solution) and antioxidant activity (using the -diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay). To establish the long-term stability of the preparations, encapsulated L. leonurus solid extracts was stored in sealed standard plastic containers at four conditions: (A), room temperature of 24 ˚C ± 5 ˚C; (B), fixed temperature of 30˚C ± 5 ˚C and (C), elevated temperature of 40˚C ± 5 ˚C for 6 months, and (D), accelerated stability test conditions of 40˚C ± 5 ˚C / 75 % RH for 4 weeks. Samples of the stored encapsulated preparations were collected periodically and assessed for changes in organoleptic properties, TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity levels and marker compound (i.e. marrubiin and leonurine) levels. The latter was determined by validated HPLC assay. Yields of 19.9, 12.82 and 10.7 % of FDAE, Aq EtOH extract and calcium alginate FDAE beads were obtained, respectively. Physically the calcium alginate beads contained less moisture (1.86 %) than the FDAE (3.77 %) and Aq EtOH (2.91 %). Chemically the FDAE, Aq EtOH extract and calcium alginate FDAE beads respectively had appreciable and similar TPC (i.e.7.86, 7.52 &, 6.94 mg GAE/g; p > 0.05; Anova) and TFC (i.e. 4.30, 4.47 & 3.67 mg QE/g; p > 0.05; Anova) levels, but variable amounts of marrubiin (i.e. 22.5, 17.5, and 0.4 ug/mg plant extract) and leonurine (i.e. 2.0, 1.4 and 0.7 ug/mg plant extract), respectively. The antioxidant activity levels were also different i.e. EC50 values of 7.71, 6.66 and 11.53 mg/mL (student t-test p-value of < 0.0001; ANOVA-test; p< 0.05) for the FDAE, Aq EtOH extract and calcium alginate FDAE beads, respectively. During storage (i.e. stability study) the L. leonurus solid extracts generally remained physically unaffected by temperature (i.e. no significant change in organoleptic features), but when exposed to humidity the FDAE and Aq EtOH extracts showed clear signs of physical degradation i.e. changed from being flaky powders to sticky melted masses, while the calcium alginate beads remained unchanged. Within 1 month storage at RT, 30 °C, 40 °C and 1 week at 40 °C / 75 % RH the TPC of the encapsulated FDAE decreased significantly by 61, 60, 58 and 52 %, respectively, that for the encapsulated Aq EtOH extract by 61, 54, 46 and 50 %, respectively, and for calcium alginate FDAE beads by 66, 71, 59 and 57 %, respectively. Using TPC as a stability parameter all three encapsulated extracts had very short shelf-lives ranging from 1.24 weeks (0.31 months) to 3.72 weeks (0.93 months). Under the same conditions and storage periods (i.e. 1 month & 1 week) the TFC of the encapsulated FDAE decreased significantly by 25, 25, 29 and 66 %, respectively, for encapsulated Aq EtOH extract by 26, 26, 23 and 70 %, respectively, and the calcium alginate FDAE beads by 55, 55, 52 and 64 %, respectively. The results obtained for TFC was thus similar to that obtained for the TPC data. Based on the TFC data all three encapsulated extracts had very short shelf-lives ranging, from 1.56 weeks (0.39 months) to 6.76 weeks (1.69 months). Under the same conditions and storage periods (i.e. 1 month & 1 week) as that used to determine TPC and TFC, the antioxidant activity of the extracts changed little, i.e. decreased by 0.2, 0.1, 0.8 and 2 %, respectively for FDAE, by 0.7 %, 1 %, 0.1 % and 5.3 %, respectively for the Aq EtOH and by 2, 2, 1.4 and 0.8 %, respectively for the calcium alginate FDAE beads. Moreover, based on antioxidant activity, all three encapsulated extracts had relatively long shelf-lives ranging from 15.6 weeks (3.9 months) to 22.4 weeks (5.6 months). Finally, the determination of the stability of the encapsulated L. leonurus extracts stored under stress conditions (i.e. 40 °C / 75 % RH) and based on marker compound levels was unresolved. Between the time of extract preparation and characterisation until start of the stability study the marrubiin levels in the FDAE, Aq. ETOH and calcium beads had decreased from 22.5, 17.5, and 0.4 ug/mg plant extract, respectively, to 0.30, 0.11, 0.30 μg/mg, respectively, and the leonurine levels from 2.0, 1.4 and 0.7 to 0.46, 0.38 and 0.09 μg/mg, respectively and was too low to conduct a meaningful stability study with the developed validated assay. Overall, all three the encapsulated L. leonurus solid extracts studied were clearly very unstable and did not have suitable long-term storage stability. The modification of the freeze-dried aqueous extract of L. leonurus into a calcium alginate bead form seemed to combat physical instability but did not improve the chemical instability of the aqueous extract. It is therefore recommended that the addition of excipients or other post extract modification (e.g. production of phytosomes) be explored to combat the hygroscopicity of L. leonurus FDAE and ultimately improve its overall product stability.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / Leonotis leonurus (L. leonurus) and Artemisia afra (A. afra) are two of the most commonly used medicinal plants in South Africa traditionally advocated for use in asthma. However, proper scientific studies to validate these claimed uses are lacking and little is known about the mechanisms for this effect. These plants contain flavonoids, which are reported to have smooth muscle relaxant activity and may be responsible for the activity of these two plants. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine and compare the flavonoid profiles and levels in A. afra and L. leonurus, (2) compare the respiratory smooth muscle relaxant effects of freeze-dried aqueous extracts of A. afra and L. leonurus and (3) investigate whether K⁺ - channel activation (i.e. KATP channel) is one possible mechanism of action that can explain the effect obtained in traditional use of these two plants. It was hypothesized that: (1) the flavonoid levels and profile of A. afra would be greater than the flavonoid levels and profile of L. leonurus, (2) A. afra would have a more potent respiratory muscle relaxant effect than L. leonurus and (3) A. afra and L. leonurus will inhibit K⁺ - induced contractions in a superior manner than carbachol and histamine - induced contractions. To realize these objectives, freeze-dried aqueous extracts (FDAE) of the dried leaves of the two plants were prepared. A validated HPLC assay was developed and used to identify and determine the levels of luteolin in the plant preparations. Solutions of the plant extracts were studied in the isolated guinea-pig trachea tissue preparation in the presence of carbachol, histamine and KCL. The possible mechanism of action of the two plants was determined by cumulative log dose-response curves (LDRC) for carbachol, histamine and KCL in the absence and presence of 1, 30 and 100 mg/ml solutions of the plant extracts. The flavonoid profile of un-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed L. leonurus was greater than that of un-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed A. afra. The levels of free and total luteolin in A. afra FDAE (8.977 ± 0.73 μg/ml and 16.394 ± 0.884 μg/ml, respectively) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that in L. leonurus FDAE (0.929 ± 0.066 μg/ml and 3.093 ± 0.531 μg/ml, respectively). L. leonurus and A. afra relaxed tracheal smooth muscles contracted with histamine, KCL and carbachol in a dose dependent manner. The degree of relaxant activity of L. leonurus versus the three inducers of contraction (agonists) could be classified as KCL > carbachol > histamine, with EC₅₀ values of 9.87, 29.34 and 94.76 mg/ml, respectively. The A. afra tracheal smooth muscle relaxant activity was categorized as carbachol > histamine > KCL, with EC₅₀ values of 13.93, 15.47 and 19.88 mg/ml, respectively. Overall, A. afra which contained the higher levels of luteolin, was more potent at relaxing the guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle than L. leonurus. Collectively, the results confirm that aqueous solutions of A. afra and L. leonurus as used in local traditional practice have potent but different degrees of bronchodilator activities that could be useful in the treatment of asthma, and that these actions may be related to each plant's luteolin (or flavonoid) levels. Moreover it is very unlikely that KATP channels are primarily responsible for the actions of A. afra and L. leonurus, but rather that more than one mechanism of action is involved in the tracheal smooth muscle relaxant effects of these two plants. / National Research Foundation

Doctor Pharmaceuticae - DPharm / The central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, is responsible for integrating sensory information and influencing most bodily functions . The CNS is protected from toxic and pathogenic agents in the blood by permeability barrier mechanisms. These barrier mechanisms, specifically the blood brain barrier (BBB) presents a challenge for the discovery of CNS active drugs as it is requirement for these drugs to permeate the BBB to reach their target site in the CNS. The conventional processes of drug design and discovery from natural products are time consuming, tedious, expensive and have a high failure rate. It has been reported from various studies that the use of computational modelling and simulations in drug design and discovery is less costly and less time-consuming with a greater chance of success than the conventional processes. The process of drug discovery and design can, therefore, be easily carried out using proven computer models, software, and web-based tools . / 2023

Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos duomenimis, vaistiniai augalai apibūdinami kaip labai vertingi gydomieji augalai. Didžiausią įtaką vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybei ir biologiškai veikliųjų medžiagų kiekiui turi džiovinimo būdas, džiovinimo sąlygos ir žaliavos nuėmimo laikas. Tyrimų tikslas – ištirti šalčio poveikį vaistinės augalinės žaliavos paprastosios sukatžolės (Leonurus cardiaca L.) kokybei ir džiūvimo procesui sublimacinėmis sąlygomis. Atlikti palyginamieji vaistinės augalinės žaliavos, paprastosios suktžolės (Leonurus cardiaca L.), džiovinimo tyrimai -16 °C , -10 °C ir 40 °C temperatūros aplinkose esant natūraliai ir priverstinei ventiliacijai. Atlikus tyrimus buvo nustatyta, kad vaistinė augalinė žaliava 40 ± 0,17 °C temperatūros aplinkoje išdžiūvo per nepilnai dvi paras. Lyginant su džiovinimu žematemperatūrinėje -10 ± 0,21 °C ir -16 ± 0,24 °C aplinkoje, džiovinimas vyko atitinkamai net 38,5 karto ir 151,5 karto greičiau. / Medicinal plants are defined as very valuable plants having curative properties according to data from the World Health Organization. The greatest impact on the quality of medicinal plant raw material and biologically active substances has a drying method, drying conditions and raw material harvesting time. Aim of the research: to investigate cold influence on quality and drying process of medicinal plant raw material Leonurus cardiaca L. under conditions of sublimination. Research methods: comparative drying tests of medicinal plant material Leonurus cardiaca L. were performed in the environment of -16 °C, -10 °C and 40 ° with natural and forced ventilation. The research has found that the medicinal plants in 40 ± 0.17 ° C temperatures was drying out for nearly two days. In comparison with sublimation environment -10 ± 0.21 ° C and -16 ± 0.24 ° C temperatures, it was as 38,5 times and 151,5 times faster.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Inflammation is an important component in the development of various pathologies in which the primary process is the recruitment of leukocytes as a cause of tissue injury. The need for new compounds to treat this condition is imminent. In this context, medicinal plants represent a viable alternative for this purpose. Leonurus sibiricus L. is a plant popularly used to treat inflammation and there are few studies that confirm this use. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of aerial parts of L. sibiricus. The total content of phenols and flavonoids, as well as the chromatographic analysis by high performance liquid chromatography were carried out to characterize the ethanol extract of L. sibiricus (EELs). In vitro experiments, the antioxidant capacity tests were carried out by elimination of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (ABTS) and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the iron reduction potential test (FRAP). In in vivo experiments, the antinociceptive activity was evaluated through the formalin paw and hot plate and anti-inflammatory test using the edema test The results were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test; p<0.05 was considered significant. The contents of total phenols and flavonoids in the extract were 60.1 ± 0.1 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of extract and 15.4 ± 0.1 mg of catechin equivalents/g of extract, respectively. In the chromatographic profile of EELs, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferric acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin were identified. Decrease of DPPH (IC50= 267,6 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50= 7894,3 μg/mL) and NO (IC50= 266,6 μg/mL) radical was observed, as well as the increase in the reduction potential by the FRAP assay. In addition to reducing spontaneous (IC50= 652,4 μg/mL) or FeSO4-induced (IC50= 1553,3 μg/mL) lipid peroxidation in vitro. In the formalin test in the paw, administration of the EELs (400 mg / kg) reduced (p <0.05) the licking / biting time in the second phase of the test compared to the vehicle group, as did as the treatment with morphine and aspirin (p <0.05 each). On the other hand, only morphine decreased (p <0.05) this parameter in the first phase of the test. In the hot plate test, administration of the EELs at all doses did not increase the latency time of mice. In the open field test, administration of EELs to the animals did not change the distance traveled when compared to the vehicle-treated group. In the TPA-induced edema, topical administration of EELs reduced the thickness (p<0.05), MPO activity (p<0.05), TNF-α and IL-1β production (p<0.05) and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05) in the ear, as well as increased FRAP in this tissue (p<0.05). All together, these results show that EELs has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties, supporting the popular use for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. / A inflamação é um componente importante no desenvolvimento de diversas patologias cujo processo primário é o recrutamento de leucócitos provocando lesão tecidual. A necessidade de novos compostos para tratar esta condição é iminente. Neste contexto, as plantas medicinais representam uma alternativa viável para este fim. A Leonurus sibiricus L. é uma planta popularmente utilizada para tratar a inflamação e poucos estudos dão suporte a este uso. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos antioxidante, antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório do extrato etanólico de partes aéreas de L. sibiricus. O conteúdo total de fenóis e flavonoides, bem como a análise cromatográfica por cromatografia líquida de alta performance foram realizados para caracterizar o extrato etanólico do Leonurus sibiricus (EELS). In vitro, foram realizados os ensaios de capacidade antioxidante por eliminação de radicais 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (ácido 3-etilbenztiazolino-6- sulfônico (ABTS) e óxido nítrico (NO), inibição da peroxidação lipídica e o ensaio de potencial reducional de ferro (FRAP). In vivo, foi avaliada a atividade antinociceptiva, pelo teste de formalina na pata e placa quente, e anti-inflamatória, pelo teste de edema de orelha induzido por 12-O-tetradecanoilforbol-acetato (TPA). Os resultados foram expressos como média ± SEM e analisados por análise de variância seguido pelo teste de Tukey; p<0,05 foi considerado significativo. Os conteúdos de fenóis totais e flavonoides no extrato foram de 60,1 ± 0,1 mg de equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de extrato e 15,4 ± 0,1 mg de equivalentes de catequinas/g de extrato, respectivamente. No perfil cromatográfico do EELs foram identificados o ácido clorogênico, o ácido cafeico, o ácido ferúlico, o ácido p-cumárico e a quercetina. Observou-se diminuição do radical DPPH (IC50= 267,6 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50= 7894,3 μg/mL) e NO (IC50= 266,6 μg/mL), bem como o aumento no potencial de redução pelo ensaio de FRAP. Além de redução da peroxidação lipídica espontânea (IC50= 652,4 μg/mL) ou induzida por FeSO4 (IC50= 1553,3 μg/mL) in vitro. No teste de formalina na pata, a administração do EELs (400 mg/kg) reduziu (p<0,05) o tempo de lambida/mordida na segunda fase do teste em comparação com o grupo veículo, bem como o tratamento com morfina e aspirina (p<0,05 cada). Entretanto, somente a morfina diminuiu (p<0,05) este parâmetro na primeira fase do teste. No teste da placa quente, a administração do EELs (100, 200 ou 400 mg/kg) não aumentou o tempo de latência dos camundongos na placa quente. No teste do campo aberto, a administração de EELs aos animais não alterou a distância percorrida em comparação ao controle, mas o diazepam diminui esta distância significativamente. No edema induzido por TPA, observou-se que a administração tópica do EELs, concomitante ao TPA, reduziu a espessura (p<0,05), a atividade de MPO (p<0,05), a produção de TNF-α e IL-1β (p<0,05) e a peroxidação lipídica (p<0,05) na orelha, bem com aumentou o FRAP neste tecido (p<0,05). Conjuntamente, estes resultados mostram que o EELs apresenta propriedades antiinflamatória, antinociceptiva e antioxidante, embasando o uso popular para o tratamento de condições inflamatórias.

Šio darbo tiriamasis objektas paprastoji sukatžolė (Leonurus cardiaca L.) – notrelinių (Lamiaceae) šeimos daugiametis, fenolinius junginius, eterinį aliejų, alkaloidus kaupiantis augalas. Leonurus cardiaca L. pasižymi antiaritminiu, kraujo spaudimą mažinančiu, raminančiu, uždegimą mažinančiu, antibakteriniu poveikiu. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti eterinio aliejaus komponentus, fenolinių junginių kiekį bei antioksidacinį aktyvumą augalinėje paprastųjų sukatžolių (Leonurus cardiaca L.) antžeminės dalies žaliavoje, surinktoje skirtingose augavietėse bei palyginti šių junginių pasiskirstymą lapuose, stiebuose ir žolėje. Uždaviniai – identifikuoti Leonurus cardiaca L. eterinio aliejaus komponentus dujų chromatografijos–masių spektrometrijos metodu; nustatyti bendrą fenolinių junginių kiekį, bendrą flavonoidų kiekį bei antioksidacinį aktyvumą spektrofotometriniu metodu ir palyginti šių junginių pasiskirstymą skirtinguose augalo organuose bei bandiniuose, rinktuose skirtingose augavietėse; įvertinti atskirų fenolinių rūgščių ir flavonoidų įtaką bendram ekstraktų antioksidaciniam aktyvumui, panaudojant efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos su pokolonėline DPPH reakcijos detekcija metodą. Germakrenas D, α-humulenas, β-kariofilenas, trans-verbenolis, β-kubebenas, limonenas – pagrindiniai Leonurus cardiaca L. eterinio aliejaus komponentai, jų kiekis pagal bendrą smailių plotą skirtinguose regionuose rinktoje žaliavoje svyruoja nuo 27,8 x106 iki 11,8 x106. Tiek lapuose, tiek žolėje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) is a perennial medicinal plant of Labiatae (Lamiaceae) family. It accumulates many biologically active substances (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, essential oil, alkaloids). Leonurus cardiaca L. is a perspective herb of its antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, sedative, antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidative effect. The aim of this study – to identify components of essential oil, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) raw material, collected from the different places of Lithuania and to compare their distribution in leaves, stems and grass. Tasks – to identify Leonurus cardiaca L. components of essential oil by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; to determine the total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity by spectrophotometry and to compare the distribution of these active compounds in different organs of the plant and sample, collected from the different places of Lithuania; to assess the individual phenolic acids and flavonoids impact on the antioxidant activity of extracts, using postcolumn high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-DPPH method. Germacrene D, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, trans-verbenol, β-cubebene, limonene are the major essential oil components of Leonurus cardiaca L., their content by the total area of the peaks in the different samples of the raw material were determined from 27,8 x 106 to 11,8 x 106. The leaves... [to full text]