TITLE: Theimpatofeducation on healthofteenagers and teachingofmathematics AUTHOR: Vladimír Doležal DEPARTMENT: Department of Education SUPERVISOR: MUDr. Bc. Rostislav Čevela, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This diploma thesis deals with the education and healthy lifestyle in the category of teenagers. The aim of the diploma thesis is to map out the important issues that affect the lifestyles of teenagers, mainly in relation to the secondary school environment, school documents, such as ŠVP, RVP, high-risk behavior and the influence of subcultures. The special topic of this diploma thesis is to analyze the teaching mathematics at a particular secondary school related to the healthy lifestyles of the current student's population. The diploma thesis also focuses on the important aspect of this topic, the interaction teacher - pupil, the aim of this section is to document and analyze whether the students perceive their teacher's approach to a healthy lifestyle and whether it's something that personally affects them. The current approaches to the education and healthy lifestyle in the secondary school environment are documented and analyzed in the diploma thesis. A brief excursion into the history of these key concepts is also included in the diploma thesis. KEYWORDS: Education, lifestyle, subcultures, high school, student,...

Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: NAMDEB is a Namibian alluvial diamond mining company, owned in equal shares by the government of republic of Namibia and De Beers. It is mining in the open-cast mines along the southern coast of Namibia, using various methods and equipments such as bowl scrapers, bulldozers, trackdozers and excavators. NAMDEB have got different mining site, where employees are residing in hostels near the mine. One of those mines is the Pocket Beaches mine where this study took place. The study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with obesity amongst employees of Pocket Beaches mine. Obesity rates are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide; 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight of which 300 million are clinically obese. Of concern is that obesity is a risk factor for many diseases including hypertension, diabetes and other forms of cancers. Although there are several mine workers who on reporting to occupational health services for minor ailment are found to be overweight or obese, we are not certain of the extent of the problem. The health risk associated with obesity could cause a big loss to NAMDEB in terms of care cost, low productivity and absenteeism. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of obesity amongst NAMDEB employees working at Pocket Beaches diamond mine Study design: a descriptive, cross-sectional study measured the prevalence of obesity and describes the factors that are associated with obesity and overweight. Study population: NAMDEB employees who were working at Pocket Beaches mine. A simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. 87 employees were selected from 188 total NAMDEB employees working at Pocket Beaches mine. Data collection: Data was collected through interviews. Anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and abdominal circumference were collected using a standard protocol. Analysis: Data was analyzed using Epi Info 2002. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as kg/m2. Overweight was defined as BMI = 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Waist Circumference ≥80 cm was used to identify central obesity in women and ≥90 cm in men. The frequency of participation in physical activity, barriers to physical activity and food consumption is reported in percent and means. Result: The study found prevalence 42% overweight and 32% obesity among employees of NAMDEB. A significant number of participants 48% never participate in moderate exercise per week. 71% of participants reported lack of motivation to exercise and too tired after work as the major barriers to physical activity. The consumption of fatty foods such as fried chicken and fried meat was common among study subjects. A large number of respondents 79% eat fried chicken regularly while 74% eat fried meat regularly. 79% of participants consumed inadequate fruits and vegetable (1 fruit and vegetable per day). The two most mentioned reasons for low fruits and vegetables consumption were lack of fruits and vegetables in hostel food menu and 14% don’t like fruits. / South Africa

Social inequalities in health have been well documented in the literature. Despite the universal health care system and detailed measures of health surveillance, socioeconomic disparities related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain present and are predicted to increase due to growing socioeconomic inequalities (Pampalon, 2008). Many health policy initiatives, such as the development of cardiac rehabilitation programs, were put in place in order to promote heart healthy lifestyles. These programs are provided as a medical and educational solution to prevent, manage, and lower risks of developing complications due to cardiovascular diseases, yet participation rates are as low as 37% for eligible individuals (Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, 2013). By drawing chiefly on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociocultural theory of practices, this qualitative study aims to understand the social variation of lifestyles in the context of cardiac rehabilitation of two groups of men from contrasting socioeconomic conditions. Sixty in-depth interviews were conducted with francophone men (mean age of 56.5) from the Outaouais region (Québec, Canada) who have suffered from a cardiac event requiring hospitalization. A number of studies on cardiovascular health have indicated health and lifestyle disparities among the male population. In order to provide a new perspective, this specific study drew principally on the notion of social capital in order to provide a more complete understanding of the social variation of lifestyles in the context of cardiac rehabilitation, particularly the impact these socioeconomic differences have on the quality of participants’ social capital, and how it shapes lifestyles after a heart intervention The results of this study are presented in an article which compares lifestyles and cardiac rehabilitation practices on the basis of three concepts of social capital, – social cohesion, trust, and social support. Results suggests that socioeconomic conditions influence levels of social cohesion, trust, and the quality of social support provided by social networks in the context of cardiac rehabilitation. Despite the underprivileged participant’s awareness of normative health lifestyles, they also were constrained by socio-cultural barriers, which limited a heart-healthy lifestyle.

Men in economically advanced societies are more at-risk of premature mortality due to heart disease than women, and this risk is inversely proportional to their socioeconomic status (SES). In Canada, many public health reports indicate that cardiovascular disease represent about one third of all causes of death and that men’s mortality rates from these diseases are two times higher than women, making it the main contributor to health inequality. Underprivileged men have been identified as being less receptive to cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, yet research promoting heart healthy behaviours has often neglected the social mechanisms that influence the lifestyle of this population. This study aims to understand the social variation in dispositions and commitments toward body care of men from two contrasting socioeconomic groups who have suffered from a cardiovascular incident requiring hospitalization. It draws primarily on Pierre Bourdieu’s socio-cultural theory of practice and his concept of bodily habitus in order to understand distinctive lifestyle patterns in the context of cardiac rehabilitation. Qualitative data was collected through 60 semi-structured interviews of an average duration of 90 minutes. Participants were Francophone men (average age of 57.3) from the Outaouais region of the Province of Québec, Canada. A thematic content analysis showed strong social variation in terms of lifestyle and identified different dispositions towards body care in the context of heart disease. Results are organized according to three key strategies for human flourishing following a heart incident that are relevant to understand the dispositions to adopt (or not) heath practices in the context of cardiac rehabilitation: (a) achieving a sense of security; (b) preserving autonomy; and (c) maintaining dignity. The comparison between socioeconomic groups highlights the incompatibilities of healthcare services and rehabilitation programs with the priorities of underprivileged men. It also flags the potential ethical and political dimension of healthcare by examining notions of health citizenship. In conclusion, the thesis discusses the socio-political characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation programs, and the usefulness of class-based masculinities as an alternative point of view to understand health implications of lifestyles.

Dans un contexte de tertiarisation croissante de la société, nous questionnons l’impact des services organisés en réseau sur les rapports sociaux. Pour cela, il s’agit de comprendre les influences réciproques de la production de service sur les modalités d’organisation spatio-temporelle des Français. Une série d’entretiens individuels interroge les modalités d’organisation des activités sociales du quotidien. Elle permet d’établir une typologie de stratégies d’organisations spatio-temporelles (routine, optimisation, conciliation, spontanéité, escamotage). En miroir, est interrogée la façon dont les niveaux hiérarchiques du Réseau postal (directions nationales, départementales et bureaux de poste) se figurent le client, en prenant en compte les différentes opérations de cadrages (éthiques, cognitifs, opératoires) qui déterminent l’action. Finalement nous montrons l’influence du réseau de la Poste sur l’organisation sociale d’individus de plus en plus rationnels, individuels et mobiles / In a context of growing service sector of society, we question the impact of networked services on social relations. To do this we strive to understand the reciprocal influences of production services on the terms of spatio-temporal organization of French. A first of interviews questioning the methods of organizing social activities of daily life and provides a typology of Conduct of everyday life characterizing different spatio-temporal strategies (routine, optimization, balance, spontaneity, retraction). Mirror, we question how all levels of Network Post organization ((National, departmental and local post offices) will include the client, taking into account the various operations of framing (ethical, cognitive processes) that determine action taken. Finally we show the influence of network position on the social organization of individuals more rational, individual and mobile

Crime comes in many different forms and can be viewed differently depending on culture, individual factors and geography. This increases the importance of discussing the subject by continually analyzing its causes, to eventually enable the development of methods and means to stop it. This study seeks to contribute to this process by analyzing factors that influence crime but also the ending of it, in the context of social factors. Accordingly, the overall goal of the study is to contribute to broadening the know-how about what influences criminal careers to help in the development of methods to stop them. This is done by analyzing the field from in two approaches; (1) what indicate crimes and (2) what contributes to the ending. This is of great importance today as it will fill a prevailing shortage in previous research which tend to focus on the field in one of the two approaches and often with the same type of participants. To achieve its purpose, the study includes individuals which are young with on-going criminal lifestyles and older which have put their criminal past behind them. Through the study analysis six themes where identified; threat of punishment, drug abuse, family relations, environmental aspects and school. / Brott förekommer i många olika former och betraktas skiftande beroende på kultur, individuella och geografiska faktorer. Brottslighet är dessutom ett eskalerande samhällsproblem som har med sig stora negativa konsekvenser på ekonomisk aktivitet och den psykiska hälsan hos samhällsinvånare. Detta sätter stor vikt på att kontinuerligt diskutera ämnet och analysera orsaker till kriminalitet för att vidareutveckla förebyggande metoder och processer. Denna studie bidrar till denna process genom att analysera faktorer som indikerar brott men också varför respondenter valt att avsluta sina kriminella karriärer, i samband med sociala band teorin. Följaktligen, är det övergripande målet att bidra till att bredda kunskapen om vad som påverkar kriminella karriärer och därav bidra till utvecklingen av metoder för att stoppa dem. Detta utförs genom att analysera studieområdet ur två olika infallsvinklar; (1) vad som skapar brott och (2) vad som stoppar det. Detta ger inte enbart studien samhällsviktig tyngd utan bidrar också till en bristfällig forskning som tenderar att endast fokusera på en infallsvinkel och ofta i datainsamling från samma typ av deltagare. För att uppnå sitt syfte har studien inkluderat individer med pågående kriminell livsstil samt personer vars kriminella karriär ligger bakom dom. Sex teman identifierades under studieanalysen; straffhot, drogmissbruk, familjerelationer, miljöaspekter och skola.

This study explores the digitalization of healthcare phenomenon in relation to patient empowerment. Because digital environments change the way individuals interact with healthcare providers, there are consequences for patients’ ability to act and determine their health outcomes in a digital health ecosystem. An assessment of the mediatization of healthcare was therefore conducted through a critical phenomenological analysis of patients’ lived experiences. This methodology facilitated an investigation of their descriptive and subjective reflections on health structures and the means of entering into capabilities that can, but not necessarily do, emerge from specific technical artifacts. Through in-depth interviews, I accessed patients’ perspectives and narratives to phenomenologically enter into their consciousness intentionalities. These revealed that mediatized healthcare certainly affects, possibly enables, and risks constraining health agency. In theoretical terms, this study was based on structural dimensions within the theories of mediatization (Couldry & Hepp, 2017) and health lifestyles (Cookerham, 2005), combined with the individual dimensions of patients’ capabilities (Oosterlaken, 2015) represented by empowerment constructs (Palumbo, 2017), where it elaborates on matters of structure and agency as interrelated and negotiated concepts. The thesis concludes with a critical discussion of the avoidance of technological determinism of the phenomenon: digital tools were incorporated in some of the capabilities of participants, and indeed sometimes contribute to their empowerment, but not always and not for everything. Empowerment must be seen as a process rather than an outcome and, concerning digitalization processes, must be investigated by scrutinizing individual initiatives embedded in a long chain of interconnectedness.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of the Healthy Lifestyles Program (HLP), a novel 12-month complex intervention based in cognitive behavioural therapy and theories of behavioural change, delivered in a community-based setting in Hamilton, Canada. The secondary objective was to explore implementation factors. Methods/ design: A pragmatic pilot randomised controlled trial using quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods. Participants were randomly allocated to either intervention group (n=15) or comparator group (n=15). The intervention group attended weekly group education sessions and met in-person with a healthcare team monthly to create personalized health goals and action plans. The comparator group met with a research assistant every three months to develop health goals and action plans. We assessed feasibility of the program by measuring recruitment, participation and retention rates, missing data, and attendance. All participant-directed and clinical outcome measures were analyzed for between and within group changes using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Content analysis was conducted for qualitative data. Results: We recruited and randomized 30 participants to each group (n=15) within 3 months. Retention rate was 60% (9/15) for the intervention group and 47% (7/15) for the comparator group. Less than 1% of participant-directed and clinical outcomes were missing. Participants attended an average of 29 of 43 educational sessions and 100% of one-to-one sessions. The healthcare team valued the program’s holistic approach to care, increased time and interaction with participants, professional collaboration, and the ability to provide counselling and health supports. Location accessibility was an important factor facilitating implementation. Reducing the number of psycho-social education sessions and having access to a gym could improve retention and delivery of the program. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the feasibility of the HLP with minor modifications recommended for a larger trial and for the intervention. / Thesis / Master of Public Health (MPH) / Rates of chronic physical and mental health illness are rising in Canada. Lifestyle or behavioural changes can prevent or manage chronic diseases. The aim of this pilot study is to test the feasibility of delivering a 12-month Healthy Lifestyles Program to participants in Hamilton, Canada. The Healthy Lifestyles Program is a complex intervention designed to help participants identify health goals and action plans to achieve those goals with the guidance of healthcare professionals. We observed that the program was successfully delivered, accepted by participants and staff and required minor changes to the study design for a scaled-up study. The program showed positive trends for improving goal attainment, depression, and loneliness scores. The results of this study will help inform the design and scale-up of a larger study.

The impact of unsustainable human actions has grown to become the most significant underlying factor of current environmental problems, which stresses the need for a large-scale transformative change in our modern ways of living. Sustainable development has emerged to become the primary framework to reduce climate impact, and sustainable neighbourhoods have become a highly sought out and desirable policy goal. However, there exists a concern that contemporary spatial planning policies and strategies appear to be inadequate to achieve the transformative lifestyle change needed due to their primary adoption of an ecological modernisation agenda. With this notion and by examining the ongoing urban development project Täby Park in Täby municipality is the aim of this thesis to investigate to what extent and how a more environmentally sustainable way of living can be met through (supporting) contemporary spatial planning and design policies, strategies, and its physical manifestation in the built environment. For this has a theoretical framework rooted in social and behavioural science been adopted to understand the relationship between sustainable lifestyles and influencing factors. The empirical material is based on conducted interviews with residents, public and private actors, a questionnaire, and a site visit.  The findings of this study show that the development of Täby Park is primarily rooted in an approach of behavioural-economics, which in large has translated to an ecological modernisation agenda. Overall, it can be concluded that a more environmentally sustainable way of living can to a certain extent be met through the applied policies and strategies in Täby Park. Although the residents perceive that factors rooted in rational reasoning hold the most significant impact on their adoption of more environmentally sustainable actions in their everyday life, do the findings illustrate that the residents generally deviate from rational reasoning of decision-making. This illustrates that the desired sustainability vision cannot be modelled after generic assumptions of behavioural-economics.

Bakgrund: År 2020 drabbades 22,200 patienter i svenska befolkningen av hjärtinfarkt. Patienters upplevelse efter insjuknandet är ofta oro, ångest och rädsla för att drabbas av ytterligare en hjärtinfarkt. Fysisk aktivitet är rekommendation efter en infarkt, dock uppfylls inte rekommendationen på grund av rädsla att aktiviteten ska utlösa ytterligare en infarkt. Även andra livsstilsförändringar har visat sig vara svårmotiverade. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av livet efter en hjärtinfarkt. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt baserad på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Ur analysen framträdde två huvudteman: patienters upplevelser av den förändrade livsstilen efter en hjärtinfarkt och upplevelsen av första tiden i hemmet efter en hjärtinfarkt tillsammans med fyra underteman. Under första temat framkom följande underteman, den oförutsedda tröttheten och rädslor och ångest inför nya kost- och motionsvanor. Under tema två framkom följande: Vikten av socialt stöd från omgivningen efter hemkomst samt fysiska och psykiska upplevelser i vardagen. Konklusion: Patienternas liv efter en hjärtinfarkt påverkas både psykiskt och fysiskt. De är i stort behov av stöd av både vårdpersonal och personer i sin omgivning. / Background: In 2020, 22,200 people of the Swedish population suffered a heart attack. Patients' experience after falling ill is often worry, anxiety and fear of suffering another heart attack. Physical activity is recommended after a heart attack, however, the recommendation is not met because there is a fear that the activity will trigger another heart attack. Other lifestyle changes have also proven to be difficult to adapt. Aim: The aim was to describe patients' experiences of life after a heart attack. Method: The study is a literature review based on 11 scientific articles.  Findings: Two main themes emerged from the analysis: Patients' experiences of the changed lifestyle after a heart attack and the experience of the first time at home after a myocardial infarction, together with five sub-themes. Under the first theme, the following subthemes emerged: Uncertainty about one's new body's abilities, the unexpected fatigue and fears and anxiety facing new dietary and exercise habits. Under theme two, the following emerged: The importance of social support from the environment after returning home and physical and psychological experiences in everyday life. Conclusion: Patients' lives after a heart attack are affected both psychologically and physically and are in great need of support from healthcare staff and people around them.