Botanical gardens perform a wide variety of functions, from which one of the most important is an educational function. They provide to visitors a large range of services such as guided tours, a variety of educational programs, worksheets etc. The same applies to the Botanical garden of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The main aim of the thesis was to prepare worksheets concerning expositions of aquatic and marsh plants in already mentioned botanical garden, verify them on students and adjust them to final forms. The results of the thesis are two different versions (spring and autumn) of the worksheets as well as author's solution and methodological manual for teachers. Within the thesis I also implemented the questionnaire survey where I dealt with the issue of teaching the theme of aquatic and marsh plants at Czech grammar schools and examined the attitude of teachers to field trips during botany teaching. Key words: botanical garden, worksheet, aquatic and marsh plants, field trip, questionnaire

The aim of the presented master thesis is to prepare, realise and evaluate an efficiency of the alternative method of biology (natural history) teaching at second grade of primary school via excursion into natural areas of the Třebíč region. Four field trips dealing with botanical, zoological, geological and ecological focuses were realised. The theoretical part of the thesis is characterised the Třebíč region focusing on several different natural aspects with an emphasis on an interesting natural sites in this region that are suitable for teaching. Specific teaching methods that are useful for field trips are included in this part of the thesis. The practical part described four field trips including methodical instructions for teachers. Other didactic materials and worksheets are added in the appendices. The empirical part contains questionnaires and didactic tests that are used to monitor specific attitudes of 120 pupils from primary schools to teaching of natural, field trips and worksheets. The questionnaire results definitely proved the following: a) the biology (natural history) classes are among the favourite subjects of the 2nd grade primary school, b) most pupils considered the field trips as interesting and informative, c) worksheets are useful but do not enjoy it. Results of the...

Master of Science / Department of Computer Science / Daniel A. Andresen / New to K-State??? No worries!!! This app will be your first friend and help you with everything you may need. Every new incoming student to K-State has to do a set of mandatory activities before they start their classes. Many times they use a pamphlet or word of mouth by students or faculty around, on what to do and whom to visit. But, this information may not be reliable or could have been expired/updated, and students miss on certain crucial things which delays their work. The same follows with various events organized by the college to welcome new students. This app will be a solution for all these problems. It will provide students with all the details they need before they actually become familiar with the school and even after that. Each student gets to see the To-Do's which are a set of mandatory activities, he/she has to do before they enroll for the classes and also, he can know about various events happening around the university. Students can also suggest new events if they are not already updated in the events list. All these activities are monitored and controlled by the Admin.

Gamification in informationsystem and it´s influence on the users is processed in this study. Gamification means bringing elements from the gaming community and applicate them in another context. Purpose of the study is to look closer to how the users affects by gamification in informationsystem and also identify important aspects from a user-perspective point of view. To perform this study, semi-structured in-depth interviews were made, including nine users of a gamified informationsystem. The conclusion is the following: Gamification influence the commitment, working conditions, performance and progress of the users in a significant way. 17 elements important to consider from a user-perspective point of view when using gamification in informationsystem has been detected. / Denna studie behandlar gamifiering av informationssystem och gamifieringens påverkan på användarna. Gamifiering innebär att ta element ifrån spelvärlden och applicera dem i ett annat sammanhang, här ett informationssystem. Syftet med studien är att identifiera faktorer som ur ett användarperspektiv är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid gamifiering av informationssystem. För att genomföra denna undersökning har semistrukturerade djupintervjuer genomförts med nio användare av ett gamifierat informationssystem. Resultatet visar att gamifieringen påverkar användarnas engagemang, arbetssituation, prestation samt utveckling. Baserat på resultatet ges förslag på 17 faktorer, som ur ett användarperspektiv är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid användandet av gamifiering i informationssystem.

Student Number : 9904953T - PhD thesis - School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Science - Faculty of Science / This study seeks to combine the knowledge of science and society to elicit the relationship between the harvesting of woody plant species and the local availability of woody species in South African savannas. Ten villages located in the former communal areas and homelands within three broad vegetation types (i.e., Mixed lowveld bushveld, Eastern thorn bushveld, and Natal lowveld bushveld) were studied. The study, conducted in the framework of the coupled human-environment system poses challenges to both scientists and managers (e.g., setting common goals). Data were collected using modified Whittaker plots (MWP) and focus group discussions (FGD), denoting ecology and society, respectively. There were nine 1000m² MWP plots sampled per village, each having nested 1m², 10m² and 100m² subplots. The FGD involved six groups of local people based on gender and age. The study revealed that the harvesting of woody plant species is a source of local disturbance to woody vegetation. Generally, there were more woody species in locations farther from settlements, having a mean of 41.97 ± 3.9, than for the intermediate (38.27 ± 5.6) and near locations (19.9 ± 4.2) within the 1000m² plots, the result of the reduction in species closer to settlements from higher harvesting levels. The larger sampling plot size of 1000m² of the MWP had the highest diversity, decreasing sequentially to the smallest scale (1m²). The density of the woody species was highest in the intermediate locations (517 ± 80 plants/ha), followed by the far and near, relative to the settlements. The Natal lowveld bushveld broad vegetation type had the highest mean density of trees (573 ± 71 trees/ha) compared to the Mixed lowveld bushveld (366 ± 64 trees/ha) and the Eastern thorn bushveld (312 ± 40 trees/ha). The stem diameters of trees were generally higher in the villages of the Mixed lowveld bushveld than the other two vegetation types. The study reaffirmed that anthropogenic disturbances within savannas impact vegetation and need to be studied concurrently with other disturbance factors (e.g., biotic and abiotic or environmental). The mean total coppice shoots of stumps within the 1000m² plots was relatively higher in the near locations (38.4%), than the far (33.0%) and intermediate (28.7%). This difference in coppicing shows that although near locations were less species rich, which is a result of disturbance, the growth of shoots may nevertheless be greater. Harvesting disturbance will possibly favour the regeneration of some species, as well as the maintenance of biodiversity. Whilst 135 woody species (from a total 191 from 42 plant families) sampled in the field were used by the local people, the community knowledge yielded almost twice as many (267 species, from 69 plant families). The ratio of mean useful woody species to total woody species remained relatively constant at about 1.0:1.1 from the near to far locations around the villages and accompanied by increased woody species diversity with distance from village. The MWP sampling yielded eight broad use categories (i.e., medicinal, wild edible fruits, fuelwood, housing and fencing poles, craft (e.g., carving), cultural, local beverages (e.g., alcohol)), and nine for the FGD (the eight for the MWP plus indigenous furniture). According to the local people, the highest number of species was used for medicine (27.8% of species), followed by fuelwood (19.2%) and wild edible fruits/seeds (19.1%). Over half of the species had multiple uses (i.e., three to eight uses), raising questions of possible threats to their persistence. Useful woody species were not restricted to any particular location or vegetation type. Large sized trees were subjected to even more uses than smaller trees, another source of conservation concern. Fifteen of the woody plant species are presently protected by law in South Africa (e.g., Adansonia digitata, Podocarpus latifolius, Mimusops caffra, Philenoptera violacea), while others are facing various forms of regional threats (e.g., Alberta magna, Catha edulis, Ocotea bullata). There is the need to popularise and make people (both local and outsiders) aware of the state of NTFP species, using local and village level information as an additional criterion for describing conservation threat (e.g., proposed “Locally Brown List” – Chapter 4). The older generation of local people were highly knowledgeable in terms of the woody species used for medicine, craft, fencing and housing poles, the middle aged in beverage making species, and the younger generation in fuelwood species. Overall, older males were highly knowledgeable of the useful species. The generally strong correlation (r = 0.99, p <0.0001) between the cumulative woody species diversity from field and community knowledge suggests the need to integrate data using multi-disciplinary approach and also to manage NTFP species. Although threat reduction assessments (TRA) and monitoring have previously been suggested, the participation of local people, harvesters and users will be crucial in making TRAs effective. In conclusion, the harvesting of NTFPs, and the impacts of the changes in the NTFP species on total diversity in savannas need to be understood in order to move towards a more holistic approach to conserving the woody species that may be at risk of extinction through harvesting. Disturbance criteria that describe harvesting levels should be set to guide research and management protocols. Finally, when discussing NTFPs and the species from which they are harvested, management should aim at incorporating all the factors that affect sustainability, such as land and resource tenure and local participation, the political economy, appropriate production and development cycles.

Les codes polaires constituent une classe de codes correcteurs d’erreurs inventés récemment qui suscite l’intérêt des chercheurs et des industriels, comme en atteste leur sélection pour le codage des canaux de contrôle dans la prochaine génération de téléphonie mobile (5G). Un des enjeux des futurs réseaux mobiles est la virtualisation des traitements numériques du signal, et en particulier les algorithmes de codage et de décodage. Afin d’améliorer la flexibilité du réseau, ces algorithmes doivent être décrits de manière logicielle et être déployés sur des architectures programmables. Une telle infrastructure de réseau permet de mieux répartir l’effort de calcul sur l’ensemble des noeuds et d’améliorer la coopération entre cellules. Ces techniques ont pour but de réduire la consommation d’énergie, d’augmenter le débit et de diminuer la latence des communications. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l’implémentation logicielle des algorithmes de décodage de codes polaires et la conception d’architectures programmables spécialisées pour leur exécution.Une des caractéristiques principales d’une chaîne de communication mobile est l’instabilité du canal de communication. Afin de remédier à cette instabilité, des techniques de modulations et de codages adaptatifs sont utilisées dans les normes de communication.Ces techniques impliquent que les décodeurs supportent une vaste gamme de codes : ils doivent être génériques. La première contribution de ces travaux est l’implémentation logicielle de décodeurs génériques des algorithmes de décodage "à Liste" sur des processeurs à usage général. En plus d’être génériques, les décodeurs proposés sont également flexibles.Ils permettent en effet des compromis entre pouvoir de correction, débit et latence de décodage par la paramétrisation fine des algorithmes. En outre, les débits des décodeurs proposés atteignent les performances de l’état de l’art et, dans certains cas, les dépassent.La deuxième contribution de ces travaux est la proposition d’une nouvelle architecture programmable performante spécialisée dans le décodage de codes polaires. Elle fait partie de la famille des processeurs à jeu d’instructions dédiés à l’application. Un processeur de type RISC à faible consommation en constitue la base. Cette base est ensuite configurée,son jeu d’instructions est étendu et des unités matérielles dédiées lui sont ajoutées. Les simulations montrent que cette architecture atteint des débits et des latences proches des implémentations logicielles de l’état de l’art sur des processeurs à usage général. La consommation énergétique est réduite d’un ordre de grandeur. En effet, lorsque l’on considère le décodage par annulation successive d’un code polaire (1024,512), l’énergie nécessaire par bit décodé est de l’ordre de 10 nJ sur des processeurs à usage général contre 1 nJ sur les processeurs proposés.La troisième contribution de ces travaux est également une architecture de processeur à jeu d’instructions dédié à l’application. Elle se différencie de la précédente par l’utilisation d’une méthodologie de conception alternative. Au lieu d’être basée sur une architecture de type RISC, l’architecture du processeur proposé fait partie de la classe des architectures déclenchées par le transport. Elle est caractérisée par une plus grande modularité qui permet d’améliorer très significativement l’efficacité du processeur. Les débits mesurés sont alors supérieurs à ceux obtenus sur les processeurs à usage général. La consommation énergétique est réduite à environ 0.1 nJ par bit décodé pour un code polaire (1024,512) avec l’algorithme de décodage par annulation successive. Cela correspond à une réduction de deux ordres de grandeur en comparaison de la consommation mesurée sur des processeurs à usage général. / Polar codes are a recently invented class of error-correcting codes that are of interest to both researchers and industry, as evidenced by their selection for the coding of control channels in the next generation of cellular mobile communications (5G). One of the challenges of future mobile networks is the virtualization of digital signal processing, including channel encoding and decoding algorithms. In order to improve network flexibility, these algorithms must be written in software and deployed on programmable architectures.Such a network infrastructure allow dynamic balancing of the computational effort across the network, as well as inter-cell cooperation. These techniques are designed to reduce energy consumption, increase through put and reduce communication latency. The work presented in this manuscript focuses on the software implementation of polar codes decoding algorithms and the design of programmable architectures specialized in their execution.One of the main characteristics of a mobile communication chain is that the state of communication channel changes over time. In order to address issue, adaptive modulationand coding techniques are used in communication standards. These techniques require the decoders to support a wide range of codes : they must be generic. The first contribution of this work is the software implementation of generic decoders for "List" polar decoding algorithms on general purpose processors. In addition to their genericity, the proposed decoders are also flexible. Trade-offs between correction power, throughput and decodinglatency are enabled by fine-tuning the algorithms. In addition, the throughputs of the proposed decoders achieve state-of-the-art performance and, in some cases, exceed it.The second contribution of this work is the proposal of a new high-performance programmable architecture specialized in polar code decoding. It is part of the family of Application Specific Instruction-set Processors (ASIP). The base architecture is a RISC processor. This base architecture is then configured, its instruction set is extended and dedicated hardware units are added. Simulations show that this architecture achieves through puts and latencies close to state-of-the-art software implementations on generalpurpose processors. Energy consumption is reduced by an order of magnitude. The energy required per decoded bit is about 10 nJ on general purpose processors compared to 1nJ on proposed processors when considering the Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm of a polar code (1024,512).The third contribution of this work is also the design of an ASIP architecture. It differs from the previous one by the use of an alternative design methodology. Instead of being based on a RISC architecture, the proposed processor architecture is part of the classof Transport Triggered Architectures (TTA). It is characterized by a greater modularity that allows to significantly improve the efficiency of the processor. The measured flowrates are then higher than those obtained on general purpose processors. The energy consumption is reduced to about 0.1 nJ per decoded bit for a polar code (1024,512) with the SC decoding algorithm. This corresponds to a reduction of two orders of magnitude compared to the consumption measured on general purpose processors.

Les systèmes de question-réponse renvoient une réponse précise à une question formulée en langue naturelle. Les systèmes de question-réponse actuels, ainsi que les campagnes d'évaluation les évaluant, font en général l'hypothèse qu'une seule réponse est attendue pour une question. Or nous avons constaté que, souvent, ce n'était pas le cas, surtout quand on cherche les réponses sur le Web et non dans une collection finie de documents.Nous nous sommes donc intéressés au traitement des questions attendant plusieurs réponses à travers un système de question-réponse sur le Web en français. Pour cela, nous avons développé le système Citron capable d'extraire des réponses multiples différentes à des questions factuelles en domaine ouvert, ainsi que de repérer et d'extraire le critère variant (date, lieu) source de la multiplicité des réponses. Nous avons montré grâce à notre étude de différents corpus que les réponses à de telles questions se trouvaient souvent dans des tableaux ou des listes mais que ces structures sont difficilement analysables automatiquement sans prétraitement. C'est pourquoi, nous avons également développé l'outil Kitten qui permet d'extraire le contenu des documents HTML sous forme de texte et aussi de repérer, analyser et formater ces structures. Enfin, nous avons réalisé deux expériences avec des utilisateurs. La première expérience évaluait Citron et les êtres humains sur la tâche d'extraction de réponse multiples : les résultats ont montré que Citron était plus rapide que les êtres humains et que l'écart entre la qualité des réponses de Citron et celle des utilisateurs était raisonnable. La seconde expérience a évalué la satisfaction des utilisateurs concernant la présentation de réponses multiples : les résultats ont montré que les utilisateurs préféraient la présentation de Citron agrégeant les réponses et y ajoutant un critère variant (lorsqu'il existe) par rapport à la présentation utilisée lors des campagnes d'évaluation. / Question answering systems find and extract a precise answer to a question in natural language. Both current question-answering systems and evaluation campaigns often assume that only one single answeris expected for a question. Our corpus studies show that this is rarely the case, specially when answers are extracted from the Web instead of a frozen collection of documents.We therefore focus on questions expecting multiple correct answers fromthe Web by developping the question-answering system Citron. Citron is dedicated to extracting multiple answers in open domain and identifying theshifting criteria (date, location) which is often the reason of this answer multiplicity Our corpus studies show that the answers of this kind of questions are often located in structures such as tables and lists which cannot be analysed without a suitable preprocessing. Consequently we developed the Kitten software which aims at extracting text information from HTML documents and also both identifying and formatting these structures.We finally evaluate Citron through two experiments involving users. Thefirst experiment evaluates both Citron and human beings on a multipleanswer extraction task: results show that Citron was faster than humans andthat the quality difference between answers extracted by Citron andhumans was reasonable. The second experiment evaluates user satisfaction regarding the presentation of multiple answers: results show that user shave a preference for Citron presentation aggregating answers and adding the shifting criteria (if it exists) over the presentation used by evaluation campaigns.

A presente pesquisa destina-se a mostrar o funcionamento de um grupo de discussão via internet denominado \"Lista Provisória dos participantes da Lista de Discussão do programa \'Sua escola a 2000 por hora\'\", por meio do estudo das mensagens trocadas entre os seus componentes. O corpus vem de uma lista educacional ativa, fechada e moderada \"de leve\". Acredito que o ensino por meio de projetos de aprendizagem, onde o aluno atua como protagonista é fundamental para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino. Essa é a filosofia que norteia os projetos sociais do Instituto Ayrton Senna, e é denominada \"Educação para o desenvolvimento humano\". As investigações mostram que as conversações polilógicas (compostas por múltiplos participantes) são mais conflituosas. Assim, acompanhar uma discussão torna-se uma tarefa muito complexa, pois surgem diversos \"fios de conversa\" e é necessário que o usuário faça, mentalmente, as ligações coesivas entre os enunciados de um mesmo fio. Uma das questões fundamentais da pesquisa é a discussão sobre conversação eletrônica, em comparação com a conversação natural. Para entender melhor esse conceito, recorro à teoria da Análise da conversação e verifico quais elementos básicos para que a interação verbal se efetive, seja ela uma comunicação mediada ou não. Outra questão que se coloca, partindo-se da noção bakhtiniana de esfera comunicativa, é a questão dos gêneros textuais emergentes na tecnologia digital. Entendendo-se a web como esfera eletrônica, um espaço de práticas humanas de comunicação, acompanho alguns pensadores que acreditam que ela originará muitos gêneros para organizar as práticas linguajeiras ocorridas nesse espaço. Lista de discussão é um desses gêneros. Atenção especial é dada ao conceito de coesão semântica, como elemento indispensável para o entendimento do fluxo aparentemente caótico de mensagens enviadas ao grupo. Por meio desses elementos construo as teias (conjunto autônomo de fios discursivos dentro da atividade da lista), estabelecendo o subcorpus. / This research aims to show how does an internet discussion group named \"Lista provisória dos participantes da Lista de Discussão do programa \'Sua escola a 2000 por hora\'\" work, studying the messages exchanged by its components. The corpus comes from an active, private and loosely moderated scholar list. I believe that education by learning projects, whereby the student has the main role, is fundamental for the the improvement of the quality of learning. This is the philosophy that guides the social projects of the Instituto Ayrton Senna, and is named \"Education for human development\". The investigation showed that polylogical conversations (composed of multiple participants) are more conflictive. Thus, it is a very complex task to follow up a discussion, because diverse threads come out and it is necessary for the user to mentally make the cohesive links between the headers of a same thread. One of the fundamental issues of the research is the discussion concerning electronic conversation, in comparison to the natural one. In order to better understand this concept, I turned to the Conversation Analysis Theory and verify which are the basic elements for verbal interaction to occur, be it a mediated communication or not. Another issue that arises, departing from the bakhtinian notion of the communicative sphere, is the matter of the emergent textual genre in digital technology. Understanding the web as an electronic sphere, a space of human practices for communication, I follow some intellectuals that believe that it will bring about many genres to organize the language practices that took part in this space. The discussion list is one of those genres. Special attention is paid to the concept of semantic cohesion, as an essential element for the comprehension of the apparently chaotic flux of messages sent to the group. By those elements I assemble the web (autonomic cluster of discursive threads within the list activity), establishing the subcorpus.

O presente estudo listou e analisou a composição e a estrutura da comunidade de saturnídeos atraídos por luz da Estação Biológica de Boraceia (EBB), Salesóplis, São Paulo, Brasil. A EBB pertence ao Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) e compreende uma área de 96 ha, por sua vez localizada dentro do maior remanescente brasileiro de Mata Atlântica da atualidade. A fauna de Saturniidae foi levantada através de exemplares da coleção de Lepidoptera do MZUSP, sendo estes dados complementados com 13 meses de coletas recentes, entre 2012 e 2013, quando foram realizadas coletas noturnas de 12 horas, por quatro noites em cada mês. Adicionalmente, foi produzida uma lista de 114 espécies de Saturniidae coletados no bioma Mata Atlântica, para muitas das quais foram gerados registros fotográficos in situ e de exemplares montados. Os dados oriundos deste levantamento foram comparados com outros estudos sobre Saturniidae realizados no Brasil e demonstraram número elevado de espécies para EBB (119 espécies) quando comparado aos dados disponíveis de outros levantamentos, como os de Saturniidae do Rio Grande do Sul, do Paraná e do bioma (ou ecótono) Cerrado. Os dados das coletas recentes (2012-2013) foram comparados com a assembleia destes lepidópteros amostrada em 25 meses consecutivos durante os anos de 1948 a 1950. Esta comparação demonstrou que a riqueza e a uniformidade das espécies registradas recentemente (2012-2013) é significativamente próxima daquela registrada no período histórico (1948-1950). Alguns exemplares representaram novos registros de espécies para EBB, e algumas espécies foram coletadas exclusivamente em algum momento de todo o período histórico. A área de coleta demonstrou grande densidade de espécies do gênero Hylesia Hübner, 1920 com pelo menos 15 espécies (sendo destas 3 morfoespécies) coletadas em 1.158 exemplares. Estes resultados asseguram a importância do remanescente de Mata Atlântica da Serra do Mar para manutenção de espécies de Saturniidae e ainda, demonstram a significância da EBB para estudos faunísticos de insetos da Mata Atlântica. Algumas avaliações sobre as distribuições sazonal e circadiana dos exemplares coletados em 2012-2013 apontaram padrões que poderão ser utilizados para testar hipóteses de comportamento e biologia das espécies. As espécies apresentaram tanto distribuição restrita ao longo do ano, quanto foram mais amplamente distribuídas. Da mesma forma algumas espécies apresentaram altos picos de abundâncias em períodos restritos da noite, enquanto outras ocorreram em distintos horários. A avaliação da alternância de espécies ao longo do ano e ao longo da noite indicou que há alta alternância de espécies para ambos os ciclos, ressaltando a importância de um levantamento que se ocupe com coletas durante todos os meses do ano e durante todo o período noturno. Demonstrou ainda, que a flutuação de abundância das espécies agrupadas em cada uma das cinco subfamílias representadas nas amostras, seguem padrões tanto semelhantes, quanto contrastantes. / This study evaluated and summarized the composition and structure of the saturniid community attracted to light trapping in a remnant of Atlantic Rainforest of the Boraceia Biological Station (EBB), Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. The EBB belongs to Zoological Museum of University of São Paulo (MZUSP) and comprises a 96 ha area located inside the largest Brazilina remananent of the Atlantica Rain Forest. The Saturniidae fauna of this reserve was inventoried based on the specimens deposited at the MZUSP, and it was complemented with 13 months of recently field samplings between 2012 and 2013. Complementary field sampling was based on nocturnal collections of 12 hours along four nights on each of the 13 months. As a result we listed 114 species of the family Saturniidae. Many species were photographed in situ, for illustration of the dorsal and ventral habitus of each species we used the pinned specimens of the collection. Comparisons with other inventories of Saturniidae conducted in different Brazilian localities were performed and demonstrated an elevated number of species in EBB when compared to the data available from other inverntories, from Rio Grande do Sul state, Paraná state and the Savana bioma. Recent field samplings (2012-2013) were compared with the assemblage of saturniids from 25 consecutive months between 1948 and 1950. This comparison demonstrated that the richness and the uniformity of the species recentelly registered (2012-2013) is similar to that from the historical period (1948-1950). Few specimens constituted new record for EBB and other few were sampled exclusively on the whole range of the historical period. The studied area indicated high density of species of Hyleisa Hübner, 1920 with at least 15 species (with three morphospecies) collected, distributed in 1.158 specimens. The results stress the importance of the Serra do Mar Atlatic forest remanent to the conservation of the species of Saturniidae and yet, demonstrate the importance of EBB for the study of insects from the Atlantic Rain Forest. The analysis related to the seasonality and circadian pattern of the recently collected specimens (2012-2013) can be further used to test hypothesis of behavior and biology of the species. The abundance of species showed distinct fluctuation along the year, while some had concentrated distribution, others were broadly sampled along several months. Similarly, some species presented high pics of abundance on restricted periods during the night, while other speces were sampled in several distinct periods. The evaluation of the interchange of species during the year and during the night indicated hight interchanging of species for both cicles, sazonal and cyrcadina, stressing the importance of inventories of Saturniidae with effort along the entire year and along the hole night period. The same evaluation also demonstrated that the fluctuation of the abundance of species grouped by subfamilies follow similar and contrasting patters depending on the subfamilies that are being compaired.

Este trabalho aborda a questão regional enquanto uma estratégia dos partidos na arena eleitoral. Ao acrescentar a dimensão partidária aos trabalhos que advogam pela regionalização dos distritos eleitorais de elevada magnitude, o intuito foi mostrar que é do sistema eleitoral, sobretudo da lista aberta, da magnitude e da estrutura da competição que emanam os incentivos à subdistritalização. Como uma perspectiva teórica alternativa à solução distributivista, o argumento é que o sistema eleitoral traz o elemento regional ao plano das decisões partidárias, isto é, a subdistritalização ocorreria em decorrência da ação intencional política que, com isso, garantiria a diminuição ou a ausência da competição intrapartidária no território. O resultado da análise da lista de candidatos brasileira reforça que o meio social e o político respondem aos fatores regionais, que influencia suas atitudes e estratégias. Por meio de uma dinâmica não política, mas geoespacial partidos encontram estratégias para lidar com as restrições institucionais a fim de atingir o sucesso eleitoral. / This thesis considers the regional question as a partisan strategy in the electoral arena. The goal is to show that from the electoral system, especially the open list proportional representation, the magnitude and the structure of the electoral competition, emanates the incentives for subdistricting. Therefore, partisanship is introduced, adding a new dimension to the scholarship that advocates for the regionalization of the high magnitude districts. When arguing that, in fact, parties decisions are influenced by regional elements which were fostered by the electoral system, this study pursues an alternative theoretical perspective to distributivism. Subdistricting is a byproduct of intentional political action, which, in turn, ensures the decrease or absence of intra-party competition over the territory. The findings based on the analysis of the list of candidates presented by parties in Brazil reinforces that the social and political environment responds to regional factors that influence their attitudes and strategies. Through a non-political, but geospatial dynamic, parties can strategically deal with the institutional constraints in order to achieve electoral success.