Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Claudia Araujo.pdf: 6735397 bytes, checksum: f76b77bdb53cf604135861dd13f0ad66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We investigate the ambiguity in the Parable of the Sower and the phenomenon of literariness, which comes from the Russian Formalism, since the evangelical discourse of Jesus is poetic and in this parable points to the polyphony to dialogism and intertextuality. We refer to the Hermeneutics of the Work of Art, Gadamer (2010), to rehabilitate the authority of tradition. In the case of the Catholic Church, only because it preserves an ancient exegesis. The corpus adopted in this research is the synoptic narrative of St. Mark (4, 1-20), St. Matthew (13, 1-23) and Luke (8, 4-15), which speaks to Saint John (21, 1 -14) and nuances of the Eternal Church of Apocalypse (21 e 22). The synoptic gospels are considered immanent, by tradition, and of St. John, transcendent. The four plots in the parable of the sowing point to the glory of the Eternal Church and its relationship with Christ, who is also the Sower, as this parable is centered in Christ, as well as its structure, reconstructed here under the support of methodologies of the theory literature. Indeed, Christ, Church, Word and Kingdom of Heaven turn to themselves in this parable - which gives it a jakobsoniana reading the poetic function of language, as well as metalinguistic. Indeed, this innovative interpretation culminates in a new exegetical method, the poetic-religious, specifically designed for reading the Parable of the Sower but that may be developed by traditional exegesis in future from new canonical guidelines and assumptions / Investigamos a ambiguidade na Parábola do Semeador e o fenômeno da literariedade, que advém do Formalismo Russo, uma vez que o discurso evangélico de Jesus é poético e, nesta parábola, aponta para a polifonia, a dialogia e a intertextualidade. Pautamo-nos ainda na Hermenêutica da Obra de Arte, de Gadamer (2010), para reabilitar a autoridade da tradição. No caso, a da Igreja Católica, exclusivamente pelo fato de ela preservar consigo uma exegese milenar. O corpus adotado nesta pesquisa é a narrativa sinótica de São Marcos (4, 1-20), São Mateus (13, 1-23) e São Lucas (8, 4-15); a qual dialoga com São João (21, 1-14) e com matizes da Igreja Eterna do Apocalipse (21 e 22). Os Evangelhos sinóticos são considerados imanentes, pela tradição, e o de São João, transcendente. Os quatro terrenos da semeadura da parábola apontam para a glória da Igreja Eterna e sua relação com o Cristo, que é também o Semeador, visto que esta parábola é cristocêntrica, bem como a sua estrutura, reconstruída aqui sob o respaldo de metodologias da Teoria da Literatura. Com efeito, Cristo, Igreja, Palavra e Reino dos Céus voltam-se para si mesmos, nesta parábola o que lhe confere uma leitura jakobsoniana da função poética da linguagem, bem como metalinguística. Com efeito, esta interpretação inovadora culmina em um novo método exegético, o poético-religioso, especificamente elaborado para a leitura da Parábola do Semeador mas que pode ser desenvolvido pela exegese tradicional, futuramente, a partir de novas diretrizes e pressupostos canônicos

Les concepts de topos, graphè, éthos et pathos contribuent activement à marquer la singularité d’une œuvre poétique, en l’occurrence, dans le cadre de notre thèse, celle de Louis Aragon (1897- 1982).Aragon fut l’inspirateur de compositeurs et d’interprètes comme « Kosma, Douai, Ferré, Ferrat, Brassens, Claveau, Montand, Trenet, Béart, Morelli, Martin, Ogeret ». Il déclare même qu’il aime qu’on lise ses poèmes mais préfère qu’on les chante. Outre l’importance de la dimension visuelle, la composante sonore et rythmique s’avère elle aussi capitale dans la perception et la réception de la poésie d’Aragon. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons opté dans notre thèse pour une étude analytique sémiostylistique et lexico-sémantique de l’œuvre poétique aragonienne.La sémiostylistique est « l’étude du fonctionnement sémiotique du style d’un texte ». En nous inspirant des travaux de G. Molinié, nous avons tenté d’analyser le « conglomérat lexico-syntactico-rhétorico-thématique » qui caractérise la poésie aragonienne en tentant d’ « apprécier la littérarité » des « segments occurrents, et [de] détecter leur spécificité ». Cela nous a permis de poser la question des conditions de la littérarité, de sa mesure, de sa valeur à réception et donc de l’effet de l’art à travers des procédés d’unité ou, au contraire, de subversion. / The concepts topos, graph, ethos and pathos actively contribute to highlight the singularity of a poetic work, such as that of Louis Aragon (1897-1982), the object of study of the present thesis. Aragon inspired many composers and singers such as "Kosma, Douai, Shoed, Ferrat, Brassens, Archstone, Montand, Trenet, Béart, Morelli, Martin, Ogeret".He even declares that he likes that his poems to be read but prefers are sung. Apart from the importance of the visual dimension, the sound and rhythmic components are also capital in the perception and the reception of the poetry of Aragon. This is why I opted in the present thesis for a semiostylistic and lexico-semantic analytical study of Aragon’s works of poetry. Semiostylistics is "the study of the semiotic operation of the style of a given text". Inspired by the works of G. Molinié, I tried to analyse the "conglomerate of lexico-syntactic, rhetorical and thematic characteristics" of Aragon’s poetry while trying "to appreciate the literariness" of the "occurring segments, and to detect their specificity" which enabled me to explore the conditions of the literary value, its measurement, its value at reception and, thus, the effect of art through the processes of unity or, on the contrary, subversion.

The role of a writer in selected metafictional novels Bc. Eva Šulcová Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the genre of metafictional novel. The aim of the diploma thesis is to identify various internal motivations for the usage of metafiction technique in literature and to describe the role of a writer. The first part summarizes the theoretical background of the genre and formulates some characteristic features of metafictional novel (emphasized vicariousness of the narrative, reflection of the creative act, personality of the writer, or the problematized relationship between reality and fiction), which were all illustrated by the analysis of André Gide's novel The Counterfeiters. The second part consists of interpretations of three metafictional novels. The interpretations aim at a complex analysis of the author and at a description of various functions of the metafiction technique as a constituent of the work's meaning. Gide uses metafiction to display the discrepancy between reality and illusion, thus uncovering hypocrisies of society and passing judgement on it. To Čapek, metafiction is a tool for applying multiperspectivity to his storyline, thus creating a metaphor of varying epistemic principles. Metafictional genre was further utilized by Řezáč in his novel Rozhraní to illustrate the polarity...

Na presente tese, investigam-se aspectos da literariedade e as marcas enunciativas da vivência e do testemunho em dois textos da literatura brasileira contemporânea, cujo conteúdo narrativo é a experiência alheia e pessoal no universo carcerário. As discussões empreendidas neste trabalho têm como base quatro principais eixos que norteiam algumas questões concernentes à memória, responsável pelo processo de escritura de Luiz Alberto Mendes e Drauzio Varella; à escrita confessional, gênero eleito pelos dois escritores para recomporem suas lembranças; aos processos ficcionais, tão caros a ambos os autores na composição de suas memórias; e à linguagem, por meio da qual se procede à busca das pistas discursivas que diferenciam a vivência do testemunho e revelam os aspectos da literariedade nas narrativas engendradas pelos escritores referidos. A partir destes eixos, busca-se reconhecer a inserção do sujeito na linguagem nas obras Memórias de um sobrevivente (2001), de Luiz Alberto Mendes e Estação Carandiru (1999), de Drauzio Varella, a fim de explorar as marcas enunciativas que identificam e diferenciam a experiência pessoal do testemunho. Entre os diversos autores consultados para compor o substrato teórico que fundamenta as análises empreendidas estão Henri Bergson, Michel Foucault, Erich Auerbach, Walter Benjamin, Gerárd Genette, Philippe Lejeune, Wayne Booth, Wolfgang Kayser, Clara Crabbe Rocha, Antonio Candido, Lígia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Luiz Costa Lima, Bella Josef, Émile Benveniste, Dany-Robert Dufour, entre outros. / In this thesis, the aspects of literariness the experience and the testimony marks in two texts of contemporary Brazilian literature are investigated. The narrative content is the experience of other people and the personal experience, both in the prisional context. The discussions undertaken in this work are based on four main axes that guide issues, such as concerning memory, which is responsible for the writing process that Luiz Alberto Mendes and Drauzio Varella accomplish; concerning the writing confessional genre, which was chosen by the two writers to restore their memories; concerning the relevant fictional process meaningful to each of these authors during the exposure of their memories; and concerning the language through which it is possible to find out discursive clues that distinguish the experience of witness and reveal aspects of literariness in the narratives engendered by them. Taking into account the study of these four lines, this thesis aims at recognizing the subject insertion that appears in the language shown in Memórias de um sobrevivente (2001), written by Luiz Alberto Mendes and Estação Carandiru (1999), written by Drauzio Varella, in order to explore the marks of enunciation that identify and distinguish witness personal experience. Henri Bergson, Michel Foucault, Erich Auerbach, Walter Benjamin, Gerard Genette, Philippe Lejeune,Wayne Booth, Wolfgang Kayser, Clara Crabbe Rocha, Antonio Candido, Ligia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Luiz Costa Lima, Bella Josef, Émile Benveniste, Dany-Robert Dufour, and others were searched for the theoretical basis of the analysis in this paper.

Na presente tese, investigam-se aspectos da literariedade e as marcas enunciativas da vivência e do testemunho em dois textos da literatura brasileira contemporânea, cujo conteúdo narrativo é a experiência alheia e pessoal no universo carcerário. As discussões empreendidas neste trabalho têm como base quatro principais eixos que norteiam algumas questões concernentes à memória, responsável pelo processo de escritura de Luiz Alberto Mendes e Drauzio Varella; à escrita confessional, gênero eleito pelos dois escritores para recomporem suas lembranças; aos processos ficcionais, tão caros a ambos os autores na composição de suas memórias; e à linguagem, por meio da qual se procede à busca das pistas discursivas que diferenciam a vivência do testemunho e revelam os aspectos da literariedade nas narrativas engendradas pelos escritores referidos. A partir destes eixos, busca-se reconhecer a inserção do sujeito na linguagem nas obras Memórias de um sobrevivente (2001), de Luiz Alberto Mendes e Estação Carandiru (1999), de Drauzio Varella, a fim de explorar as marcas enunciativas que identificam e diferenciam a experiência pessoal do testemunho. Entre os diversos autores consultados para compor o substrato teórico que fundamenta as análises empreendidas estão Henri Bergson, Michel Foucault, Erich Auerbach, Walter Benjamin, Gerárd Genette, Philippe Lejeune, Wayne Booth, Wolfgang Kayser, Clara Crabbe Rocha, Antonio Candido, Lígia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Luiz Costa Lima, Bella Josef, Émile Benveniste, Dany-Robert Dufour, entre outros. / In this thesis, the aspects of literariness the experience and the testimony marks in two texts of contemporary Brazilian literature are investigated. The narrative content is the experience of other people and the personal experience, both in the prisional context. The discussions undertaken in this work are based on four main axes that guide issues, such as concerning memory, which is responsible for the writing process that Luiz Alberto Mendes and Drauzio Varella accomplish; concerning the writing confessional genre, which was chosen by the two writers to restore their memories; concerning the relevant fictional process meaningful to each of these authors during the exposure of their memories; and concerning the language through which it is possible to find out discursive clues that distinguish the experience of witness and reveal aspects of literariness in the narratives engendered by them. Taking into account the study of these four lines, this thesis aims at recognizing the subject insertion that appears in the language shown in Memórias de um sobrevivente (2001), written by Luiz Alberto Mendes and Estação Carandiru (1999), written by Drauzio Varella, in order to explore the marks of enunciation that identify and distinguish witness personal experience. Henri Bergson, Michel Foucault, Erich Auerbach, Walter Benjamin, Gerard Genette, Philippe Lejeune,Wayne Booth, Wolfgang Kayser, Clara Crabbe Rocha, Antonio Candido, Ligia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Luiz Costa Lima, Bella Josef, Émile Benveniste, Dany-Robert Dufour, and others were searched for the theoretical basis of the analysis in this paper.

Na presente tese, investigam-se aspectos da literariedade e as marcas enunciativas da vivência e do testemunho em dois textos da literatura brasileira contemporânea, cujo conteúdo narrativo é a experiência alheia e pessoal no universo carcerário. As discussões empreendidas neste trabalho têm como base quatro principais eixos que norteiam algumas questões concernentes à memória, responsável pelo processo de escritura de Luiz Alberto Mendes e Drauzio Varella; à escrita confessional, gênero eleito pelos dois escritores para recomporem suas lembranças; aos processos ficcionais, tão caros a ambos os autores na composição de suas memórias; e à linguagem, por meio da qual se procede à busca das pistas discursivas que diferenciam a vivência do testemunho e revelam os aspectos da literariedade nas narrativas engendradas pelos escritores referidos. A partir destes eixos, busca-se reconhecer a inserção do sujeito na linguagem nas obras Memórias de um sobrevivente (2001), de Luiz Alberto Mendes e Estação Carandiru (1999), de Drauzio Varella, a fim de explorar as marcas enunciativas que identificam e diferenciam a experiência pessoal do testemunho. Entre os diversos autores consultados para compor o substrato teórico que fundamenta as análises empreendidas estão Henri Bergson, Michel Foucault, Erich Auerbach, Walter Benjamin, Gerárd Genette, Philippe Lejeune, Wayne Booth, Wolfgang Kayser, Clara Crabbe Rocha, Antonio Candido, Lígia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Luiz Costa Lima, Bella Josef, Émile Benveniste, Dany-Robert Dufour, entre outros. / In this thesis, the aspects of literariness the experience and the testimony marks in two texts of contemporary Brazilian literature are investigated. The narrative content is the experience of other people and the personal experience, both in the prisional context. The discussions undertaken in this work are based on four main axes that guide issues, such as concerning memory, which is responsible for the writing process that Luiz Alberto Mendes and Drauzio Varella accomplish; concerning the writing confessional genre, which was chosen by the two writers to restore their memories; concerning the relevant fictional process meaningful to each of these authors during the exposure of their memories; and concerning the language through which it is possible to find out discursive clues that distinguish the experience of witness and reveal aspects of literariness in the narratives engendered by them. Taking into account the study of these four lines, this thesis aims at recognizing the subject insertion that appears in the language shown in Memórias de um sobrevivente (2001), written by Luiz Alberto Mendes and Estação Carandiru (1999), written by Drauzio Varella, in order to explore the marks of enunciation that identify and distinguish witness personal experience. Henri Bergson, Michel Foucault, Erich Auerbach, Walter Benjamin, Gerard Genette, Philippe Lejeune,Wayne Booth, Wolfgang Kayser, Clara Crabbe Rocha, Antonio Candido, Ligia Chiappini Moraes Leite, Luiz Costa Lima, Bella Josef, Émile Benveniste, Dany-Robert Dufour, and others were searched for the theoretical basis of the analysis in this paper.

Several theorists, including the Marxist theorists Trevor Ross, Walter Benjamin, and M.H. Abrams, have proposed theories to explain the eighteenth-century shift from functional to aesthetic conceptions of literature. Their explanations attribute the change to an increasingly consumer-based society (and the resulting commoditization of books), the development of the press, the rise of the middle class, and increased access to books. When we apply the cause-effect relationships which these theorists propose to the contexts of nineteenth-century America, Communist East Germany, WWII America, and 9/11 America, however, the causes don't correlate with the effects they theoretically predict. This disjunction suggests a re-examination of these three theories and possibly the Marxist basis which they share. I suggest that by triangulating rhetorical theory with Marxist theory we will gain a more comprehensive understanding of society's valuation of literature.

x, 208 p. / In this dissertation "literariness" is defined not merely as a quality of form by which texts are evaluated as literary, but as an immanent and critical sensibility by which reading, writing, speaking, learning, and teaching subjects within the literary humanities engage language in its immediate aesthetic (and thus also historical and ethical) aspect. This reorientation seeks to address the literary academy's overwhelming archival focus, which risks eliding literary endeavor as an embodied undertaking that inevitably reflects the historical contingency of its enactment. Literary endeavor in higher education is thus understood as a performance by which subjects enact not only the effect of literary texts upon themselves but also the contingencies of their socio-economic, national, cultural, and personal contexts. Subjects' responses to literature are seen as implicit identity claims that, inevitably constituted of biases, can be evaluated through the lens of post-positivist realism in terms of their ethical and pragmatic usefulness. Framing this reoriented literariness in terms of its enactment in higher education literature classrooms, this dissertation addresses its pedagogical, methodological, and personal implications. The events of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and the literature arising from it serve as a pivotal case study. The TRC Hearings, publically broadcast and pervasive in the national discourse of the time, enacted a scenario in which South Africans confronted the implications for personal and national identities of apartheid's racial abuses. The dissertation demonstrates through close reading and anecdotal evidence how J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace and Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull formally reactivate this scenario in the subject in the event of reading, while surveys of critical responses to these texts show how readers often resisted the texts' destabilizing effects. A critical account of the process that resulted in Telling, Eugene - a stage production in which U.S. military veterans tell their stories to their civilian communities - analyzes the idea of literariness in the U.S. and assesses its potential for socially engaged literary praxis. / Committee in charge: Linda Kintz, Chairperson; Suzanne Clark, Member; Michael Hames-Garcia, Member; John Schmor, Outside Member

Cette thèse remet en question le soupçon pesant sur les catégories de « classique » et « classicisme ». Centrales dans les manuels, ces notions sont pourtant renvoyées par les spécialistes à de purs anachronismes, et jugées impertinentes pour caractériser le XVIIe siècle et sa littérature. Marqués par la rhétorique et la sociologie historique, les travaux actuels écartent l’opposition idéologique entre classicisme et modernité. Mais l’analyse de l’antagonisme chez Barthes, et l’étude des querelles impliquant les Classiques de 1898 à 1966, permettent de donner un contenu inattendu au classicisme, très éloigné de l’irénisme dont on l’a accusé.La notion, son antonyme et ses parasynonymes (antimodernisme et post-classicisme) circonscrivent d’abord, pour la littérature, différents « régimes d’historicité » dont débattent les polémistes. Le terme reste également associé à l’élaboration d’un « dispositif » utopique, où écrire, critiquer et enseigner iraient de pair : cette configuration, essentielle au XVIIe siècle, est sans cesse « remise sur le métier » dans les querelles postérieures entre Anciens et Modernes. De 1666 à 1694, semblent surgir en réalité la plupart des questions que les critiques continueront de poser à la littérature. C’est le cas, notamment, chez Barthes, Gide et Valéry, quand ils cherchent à en déterminer les fonctions et les prérogatives. Parce que le concept d’autonomie n’est pas pour eux détaché de toute exemplarité, il s’avère utile, bien qu’anachronique, pour lire les textes du XVIIe siècle. L’art de la « disponibilité », que Barthes reconnaissait chez Racine, serait alors l’autre nom de la littérarité, le nom d’une littérarité autre – non formaliste – que les Classiques auraient bel et bien inventée et qui autoriserait leur lecture « vivante, concernée ». / This dissertation interrogates the scepticism that falls on the categories of “classics” and “classicism”. Though they are considered key concepts in textbooks, these notions are viewed by many specialists as pure anachronisms, and declared irrelevant in defining the 17th century and its literature. Drawing influences from rhetoric and historical sociology, recent work dismisses the ideological divide between classicism and modernity, but an analysis of this opposition in Barthes’s corpus, supported by a study of the quarrels involving the Classics from 1898 to 1966, endows classicism with an unheralded substance, far from the irenicism for which it has been condemned. The notion of classicism, its antonym, and its parasynonyms (anti-modernism and post-classicism) first and foremost delineate, as far as literature is concerned, different regimes of historicity that are debated by the polemicists. The term ‘classicism’ is continuously associated with the establishment of a utopian apparatus within which writing, criticism and teaching go hand in hand. This blueprint was essential in the 17th century and is revisited again and again in the subsequent quarrels between Ancients and Moderns. In fact, most of the questions that critics continue to ask literature seem to arise between 1666 and 1694. Case in point, Barthes, Gide and Valéry all sought answers to these age-old questions in their attempts to determine both the functions and the prerogatives of literature. According to them, the concept of autonomy in literature cannot be separated from exemplarity. Thus, it proves useful, although anachronistic, in the reading of 17th-century texts. The art of “availability”, which Barthes recognized in the works of Racine, would then be the other name of literariness, a distinct – non formalist – literariness that the Classics have invented which allows their “vital, concerned” reading.