This predominantly empirical dissertation deals with how socio-economic living conditions and immigrant-specific factors can be linked to immigrants’ mental ill health. It is also explored how cultural representations can affect stress and whether mental ill health is expressed differently among immigrants from Iraq and Iran than among individuals of Nordic origin. Moreover, a conceptual analysis is conducted, where a phenomenological conceptualisation of stress is outlined with a special focus on how this stress approach can be related to culture and migration. The empirical material consists of eleven in-depth interviews with Iraqi and Iranian immigrant women and two population-based surveys. The main findings of this thesis suggest as follows: 1) Mental ill health is more common among foreign-born than among native-born Swedes and can to a great extent be attributed to their poorer socio-economic living conditions. 2) Immigrants’ mental health is independently associated with different types of factors, such as traumatic episodes, socio-cultural adaptation level and socioeconomic living conditions. 3) The self-reporting mental health instruments, HSCL-25 and WHO (ten) Wellbeing Index, produce scores that are comparable between Scandinavians and immigrants of Middle Eastern descent. 4) Nonuniversal representations that can be found in Iraq and Iran can amplify, or even be necessary ingredients in certain types of stressful experiences among immigrant women from these countries. 5) The distinctions between universal and non-universal stress, and between immigrant/minority and non-immigrant/nonminority stress appear to be crucial for an adequate comprehension of immigrants’ stressful experiences. / Denna huvudsakligen empiriska avhandling behandlar hur socioekonomiska levnadsvillkor och invandrarspecifika faktorer kan kopplas till invandrares mentala hälsa. I avhandlingen undersöks även hur kulturella representationer kan påverka stressfulla upplevelser och huruvida mental ohälsa uttrycks annorlunda bland invandrare från Irak och Iran än bland nordbor. Vidare genomförs en begreppsanalys av stress skisserad utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Fokus ligger här på hur ett sådant perspektiv på stress kan relateras till kultur och migration. Det empiriska materialet består av elva djupintervjuer med invandrarkvinnor från Irak och Iran, samt två populationsbaserade enkätundersökningar. De huvudsakliga fynden i denna avhandling är följande: 1) Mental ohälsa bland utrikesfödda är vanligare än bland svenskfödda och detta kan till stor del ”förklaras” av ogynnsammare socioekonomiska levnadsvillkor. 2) Invandrares mentala ohälsa har ett direkt samband med olika typer av faktorer som traumatiska episoder, sociokulturell anpassningsnivå och socioekonomiska levnadsvillkor. 3) Självskattningsinstrumenten för mental hälsa, HSCL-25 och WHO (ten) Wellbeing Index, producerar värden som är jämförbara mellan nordbor och invandrare från Mellanöstern. 4) Icke-universella representationer som kan påvisas i Irak och Iran kan förstärka, eller till och med vara nödvändiga komponenter för vissa typer av stressfulla upplevelser bland invandrarkvinnor från dessa länder. 5) Distinktionerna mellan universell och icke-universell stress, och mellan invandrar/minoritets och icke-invandrar/icke-minoritets stress, tycks vara centrala för en adekvat förståelse av invandrares stressfulla upplevelser.

The primary aim of this research was to determine whether the home environment of secondary school children has an influence on their academic performance. A literature study was done where the major aspects of the home environment were identified: family lifestyle, parental involvement and attitude, physical living conditions. An analysis of academic performance and the factors affecting it was done. A measuring instrument was developed in order to measure the home environment in terms of being positive or negative. The results of the empirical research indicated that while home environment and age do play a significant role in the academic performance of secondary school children, gender, maternal employment, and whether the child lives permanently with both parents, did not. The educational implications of the findings and the teacher's role are discussed, and guidelines regarding the development of a home environment conducive to better academic performance are given. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

My diploma work focuses on the issues of single-parent families in the Czech Republic and selected countries of the European Union from the perspective of social policy. I have selected those countries that border the Czech Republic, i.e. Slovakia, Germany, Austria and Poland. In the theoretical part of my diploma work I define family as an institution, its main functions, its historical development and its present changes. Further, I address the problems of single-parent and divorced parents from the psychosocial view, touching also on the subject from the perspective of the church. In conclusion to the theoretical part I address the social policies of individual countries. The practical part involves two pieces of research. The objective of the first piece of research has been to evaluate and compare statistical data from the social environments of the above mentioned countries with that of the Czech Republic. In the second part of research, by means of a questionnaire, I have sought the opinions and views of future family founders with regard to the issues of single-parents families.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Galhardo Carpanelli.pdf: 3568479 bytes, checksum: 62ed886b6b0339cbeee8d064cacdb07a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This master s thesis raises questions about social needs and living conditions of the population that lives in Jasmim Flor residencial complex, first undertaking built in Osasco town SP through the government project Minha Casa Minha Vida - MCMV (My House My Life). The analytical construction is composed of three chapters and includes historical elements of the development of the living Brazilian politics, articulating these processes to the current scenario and its effects in the city dynamics. Recovering the story of Osasco territory s consolidation and its constitution as a town from São Paulo state in order to introduce the urban precariousness problematic that describes the current cycle of capitalist accumulation. It also sends a sign that the actions developed by the town in the area of living and urban politics, mainly among the years 2005 to 2014. The qualitative research shows the living conditions from the families in their originally territory, and the current housing, from significant statements from 50 habitants of the Residential Complex. The results indicate the living needs related to the access of a quality and suitable housing for the families; to the set of public services and trading surrounding the housing. To the work, wage and education, in order to support their new life condition, living cost and their needs in their interaction area, that demands in their everyday life, the construction of a new sociability, new relationships, as a consequence of an address change and territory. The path carved by the research has as its context the creation of MCMV and a critique of their formulations, their proposals and results in nationwide, for this reason the stories engender not only specific analyses of the situation studied, but they perform productive dialogues with significance and the effects that the program has been bringing to the urban process in progress in the country / Esta dissertação problematiza as necessidades sociais e condições de vida da população que habita o Conjunto Residencial Flor de Jasmim, primeiro empreendimento construído no Município de Osasco/SP por meio do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). A construção analítica é composta por três capítulos e contempla os elementos históricos do desenvolvimento da política habitacional no Brasil, articulando tais processos ao cenário mais recente e seus impactos nas dinâmicas das cidades. Recupera a trajetória de consolidação dos territórios de Osasco e sua constituição como município do estado de São Paulo, a fim de introduzir a problemática da precariedade urbana que caracteriza o ciclo atual de acumulação capitalista. Sinaliza as ações desenvolvidas pelo município no campo da política habitacional e urbana, particularmente as realizadas entre os anos de 2005 a 2014. A pesquisa qualitativa apresenta as condições de moradia das famílias em seus territórios de origem, e na moradia atual, a partir dos depoimentos mais significativos de 50 moradores do Conjunto Residencial. Os resultados apontam as necessidades de moradia relativas ao acesso a uma habitação de qualidade e adequada às famílias; ao conjunto dos serviços públicos e comércios no entorno da habitação; ao trabalho, à renda e educação, para que sustentem sua nova condição de moradia, os custos de vida e as necessidades do campo do convívio, que demandam no cotidiano, a construção de uma nova sociabilidade, novas relações, como consequência da mudança de moradia e território. O caminho percorrido pela pesquisa tem como contexto a criação do PMCMV e uma crítica à sua formulação, às propostas e aos resultados em âmbito nacional, por isso as narrativas engendram não somente análises específicas da realidade estudada, mas realizam profícuos diálogos com o significado e os impactos que o programa vem causando aos processos de urbanização em curso no País

Cette thèse examine les discours sur la société de consommation à Montréal entre 1945 et 1975, soit pendant la période d’abondance relative surnommée les Trente Glorieuses. En s’appuyant sur des discours dont la provenance reflète la diversité des points de vue qui entrent dans les foyers et circulent dans l’espace public québécois — périodiques grand public; magazines « féminins »; publications des institutions financières, des syndicats, de groupes gravitant plus ou moins loin de l’Église catholique, d’associations de parents, du milieu communautaire; mémoires en service social; rapports des commissions d’enquête gouvernementales — elle lève le voile sur la façon dont l’entrée dans la consommation de masse et ses répercussions sur les modes de vie sont perçues par une vaste gamme de commentateurs et, dans une moindre mesure, vécues. En s’appuyant sur une analyse quantitative, elle soutient que Montréal et le Québec n’entrent dans la société de consommation qu’à partir des années 1960, même si plusieurs indicateurs économiques et la consommation domestique des ménages font état d’une prospérité caractérisant l’ensemble de la période. Elle procède ensuite à une analyse qualitative des discours sur l’état de l’économie qui met en lumière la persistance d’inquiétudes — notamment au sujet de l’inflation, pourtant bridée — tout au long des Trente Glorieuses, l’abondance semblant manifestement fragile aux yeux de plusieurs experts. Elle se tourne par après vers les réactions positives, ambivalentes, mais surtout négatives que suscite l’entrée dans la consommation de masse elle-même et la transformation des valeurs qui en découle. Puis, elle propose une analyse des discours portant sur les répercussions de l’entrée dans la société de consommation sur les pratiques financières (l’épargne et le crédit), sur les rapports familiaux et la construction des identités au foyer ainsi que sur la pauvreté. Elle pose l’hypothèse d’une réticence plus grande des experts franco-québécois à la consommation de masse par rapport à leurs collègues anglophones. Elle soutient également que l’entrée dans la société de consommation renforce le patriarcat au Québec, du moins dans les discours. Ceux-ci se déclinent par ailleurs en deux temps, le conservatisme de la période 1945-1965 cédant le pas à des prises de position imprégnées par le contexte de contestation sociale du tournant des années 1970. À partir de la fin des années 1960, des phénomènes comme l’endettement ou la pauvreté commencent à être appréhendés en lien avec le consumérisme dans le cadre d’une rhétorique socialisante, souvent assez militante, qui conçoit de plus en plus la consommation comme un problème structurel et collectif en soi. / This dissertation examines discourses on consumer society in Montreal between 1945 and 1975, during a period known as the “golden age of capitalism.” Relying on a variety of sources that reflect a diversity of perspectives — namely mainstream periodicals, “feminine” magazines, social work theses, commissions of inquiry, and publications produced by financial institutions, parent associations, unions, Catholic organizations, and community associations — this dissertation reveals how a wide array of commentators perceived the beginnings of mass consumerism in Montreal and its repercussions on lifestyles. It also explores, to an extent, how so-called ordinary people experienced these beginnings and repercussions in their everyday lives. Although economic indicators display a relative prosperity, this dissertation first offers a quantitative analysis that shows that consumer society did not truly begin in Montreal (or Quebec more generally) before the 1960s. This study then proceeds to a qualitative analysis of discourses concerning Quebec’s and Canada’s economic situation. Apprehensions surrounding the economy persisted throughout this period — most notably around inflation, despite its being under control — and several experts continued to view prosperity as fragile. This dissertation then looks at the positive, ambivalent, but more frequently negative reactions to the beginnings of mass consumerism and the changes in values it entailed. It then finally examines discourses that addressed the repercussions of consumer society on household financial practices, on familial relationships and identity construction within the home, and on poverty. This dissertation suggests that French-Québécois experts resisted mass consumerism to a greater extent than their anglophone colleagues and that the arrival of consumer society reinforced patriarchy (at least discursively). It also highlights a rupture within discourses on consumerism sometime around 1965 as the conservatism of the previous two decades gave way to ideas linked to the social unrest of the mid-to-late 1960s and early 1970s. From the mid 1960s onward, most commentators began to understand phenomena like debt and poverty as fundamentally connected to consumerism as they developed an oftentimes militant socializing rhetoric that increasingly viewed consumption itself as a structural and collective problem.

Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was conducted as an inquiry into the living conditions of children living with terminally ill parents due to HIV and AIDS. It examined possible support systems that such children can access from general communities in which they live. The study was also purposed to identify specific needs related to the fact of living with terminally ill parents due to HIV and AIDS. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed in conducting the study. These included interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. Social workers, class teachers and parents were the main respondents in the study. The study revealed that children living with terminally ill parents suffer multidimensional effects that are social, economic and psychological. Children assume adult responsibilities at a very early stage including that of fending for the family. In an effort to meet family needs, older children resort to a host of activities in an attempt to earn money for self and family survival from temporary paid labor, sex work to rudimentary trade. In effect, children become prone to abuse, exploitation and are exposed to crime. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie was gedoen om inligting te verkry oor die lewensstandard van kinders wat saam met hul ouers woon wat terminal siek is weens MIV/VIGS. Die beskikbare ondersteunings sisteme in hul gemeenskap was ondersoek. Die novorsingsstudie het ook daarop gefokus om die kinders wat as gevolg van MIV/VIGS saam met hul terminale siek ouers woon se spesifieke behoettes te identifiseer. Tydens die norsingsstudie was kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gevolg. Onderhoud focus groep besprekings en vraelyste was benut. Maatsplike werkers, onderwysers en terminal siek ouers was die hoof respondenete in die navorsingdstudie. Die navorsingsstudie het bewys dat kinders wat saam met hul terminale siek ouers woon, multidimensionele gevolge ervaar waat sosiaal-ekonomies en psigologies van aard is. Kinders neem ouers se verantwoordelikhede op „n vroeë ouderdom aan. Om vir die gesin te voorsien, gaan die ouer kinders tot die ekstreem en raak betrokke in seks werk en smous vir „n tydelike inkomste. Die gevolg is dat die kinders blootgestel word aan mishandeling, en moontlike misdaad. Die addisionele verantwoordlikhede dwing hulle om te oorleef deur gebruik te maak van misdaad, prostitusie en kinderarbeid. Al die kondisies dra by daartoe dat kinders blootgestel word.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The primary aim of this research was to determine whether the home environment of secondary school children has an influence on their academic performance. A literature study was done where the major aspects of the home environment were identified: family lifestyle, parental involvement and attitude, physical living conditions. An analysis of academic performance and the factors affecting it was done. A measuring instrument was developed in order to measure the home environment in terms of being positive or negative. The results of the empirical research indicated that while home environment and age do play a significant role in the academic performance of secondary school children, gender, maternal employment, and whether the child lives permanently with both parents, did not. The educational implications of the findings and the teacher's role are discussed, and guidelines regarding the development of a home environment conducive to better academic performance are given. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-12-23T13:36:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (1).pdf: 19286666 bytes, checksum: 391387ca818b422638b98fb435b9b32b (MD5) Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (2).pdf: 18302057 bytes, checksum: 2068c9d38a9af4f7f2609a9288f3f33e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-26T13:08:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (1).pdf: 19286666 bytes, checksum: 391387ca818b422638b98fb435b9b32b (MD5) Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (2).pdf: 18302057 bytes, checksum: 2068c9d38a9af4f7f2609a9288f3f33e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (1).pdf: 19286666 bytes, checksum: 391387ca818b422638b98fb435b9b32b (MD5) Tese - Brasiliana Elisete Reis de Oliveira - 2014 (2).pdf: 18302057 bytes, checksum: 2068c9d38a9af4f7f2609a9288f3f33e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 / This work presents the results of a study on the potential for rural development and the livelihoods of family farmers in Tombos and Araponga cities, both located in the Forest Zone of Minas Gerais – Brazil. For that, two synthetic indicators were used: Rural Development Index - IDR and Living Conditions Index - ICV. These indicators are based on the works of Kageyama (2004 and 2008), Rambo et al. (2012) and Sepúlveda (2008). To calculate the IDR were collected secondary data from the Population Censuses (2000 and 2010), Census of Agriculture (2006) from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics – IBGE, Rural Development Planes and others studies concerned to both cities mentioned. And to determine the ICV were collected primary data applying questionnaires to the family farmers and interviews were done with institutions´ agents and public agencies. This study promotes a discussion about rural development in the course of time showing the new rurality that has been debated by many researchers, government agencies and rural class´ representatives. The essential of this debate is to understand the reality of rural population and construct collectively programs and public policies that provide subsidies for the promotion of rural development in the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Throughout the text, the reader can follow the dynamics of sustainable rural development through the IDR and meet, by the results of the ICV, the perception of farmers about their real living conditions. The results obtained by IDR pointed a timid evolution in development in both surveyed cities. The overall IDR for Tombos was 0.42 and 0.39 for Araponga, ranked respectively in Low and Middle Low. Except the sub-indicator of environment others had results classified into Medium Low, indicating a low potential for rural development. The presence of supporting and fostering rural development institutions is recognized in both municipalities as important instruments for the process of development in accordance with their legal representatives. However, at the perception of family farmers the performance of the same is short in their demands. This latter group believes that institutions must have their plans redesigned, including a greater involvement of stakeholders in building policies and programs for rural development. Regarding their living conditions, family farmers were satisfied, specially with respect to housing, food, health and cultivable area. Now the related variables the participation in social, political and institutional groups the indices found are ranked in Middle Low and Low, indicating the difficulty in forming social capital and in building networks, which would strengthen the family farmers and would contribute to the sustainable rural development. / Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o potencial de desenvolvimento rural e as condições de vida dos agricultores familiares dos municípios de Tombos e Araponga, ambos localizados na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Para tanto foram utilizados dois indicadores sintéticos: o Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural – IDR e o Índice de Condições de Vida – ICV. A base teórica dos referidos índices foram extraídos de Kageyama (2004 e 2008), Rambo et. al. (2012) e Sepúlveda (2008). Para o cálculo do IDR foram utilizados dados secundários coletados dos Censos Demográficos (2000 e 2010), Censo Agropecuário (2006) do IBGE, no DATASUS, nos Planos de Desenvolvimento Rural e em dissertações e teses dos dois municípios. Já para a apuração do ICV foram coletados dados primários por meio da aplicação de questionários aos agricultores familiares e entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos representantes de instituições e órgãos públicos dos municípios. O trabalho apresenta uma base teórica que discute o desenvolvimento rural ao longo dos tempos evidenciando a nova ruralidade que vem sendo debatidos por vários pesquisadores, órgãos públicos e representantes da classe rural. O foco destes debates esta em compreender a realidade da população rural e construir, coletivamente, políticas públicas e programas que ofereçam subsídios para a promoção do desenvolvimento rural nas dimensões econômica, social e ambiental. Ao longo do texto o leitor poderá acompanhar a dinâmica do desenvolvimento rural sustentável por meio do IDR e conhecer, pelos resultados do ICV, a percepção dos agricultores familiares acerca das suas reais condições de vida. Os resultados apurados pelo IDR apontaram uma tímida evolução no desenvolvimento em ambos os municípios pesquisados. O IDR geral para Tombos foi de 0,42 e para Araponga foi de 0,39, classificados respectivamente em Médio e Médio Baixo. Com exceção ao sub-indicador de meio ambiente os demais apresentaram resultados classificados em Médio Baixo, indicando um potencial fraco para o desenvolvimento rural. A presença de instituições de apoio e fomento ao desenvolvimento rural é reconhecida nos dois municípios como importantes instrumentos para o processo de desenvolvimento segundo seus representantes legais. Porém, na percepção dos agricultores familiares a atuação das mesmas está aquém das suas demandas. Este último grupo acredita que as instituições precisam ter seus planos reformulados, incluindo uma maior participação dos atores na construção das políticas e programas para o desenvolvimento rural. Com relação às suas condições de vida, os agricultores familiares demonstram satisfação, principalmente com relação a moradia, alimentação, saúde e área cultivável. Já nas variáveis relacionadas a participação em grupos sociais, políticos e institucionais os índices encontrados estão classificados em Médio Baixo e Baixo, indicando dificuldade na formação de capital social e na construção de redes, o que fortaleceria os agricultores familiares e contribuiria para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável.