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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Povolování terénních úprav a jejich návaznost na oceňovací předpisy / Building permission procedure of landscape works and its relation to valuation regulations

Maňásek, Petr January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with landscaping issues from the legal standpoint and evaluates the influence of landcaping on the price of estate according to legislative assessment and standard price in the Stare Mesto region.
242

Development and Simulation Assessment of Semiconductor Production System Enhancements for Fast Cycle Times

Stubbe, Kilian 29 January 2010 (has links)
Long cycle times in semiconductor manufacturing represent an increasing challenge for the industry and lead to a growing need of break-through approaches to reduce it. Small lot sizes and the conversion of batch processes to mini-batch or single-wafer processes are widely regarded as a promising means for a step-wise cycle time reduction. Our analysis with discrete-event simulation and queueing theory shows that small lot size and the replacement of batch tools with mini-batch or single wafer tools are beneficial but lot size reduction lacks persuasive effectiveness if reduced by more than half. Because the results are not completely convincing, we develop a new semiconductor tool type that further reduces cycle time by lot streaming leveraging the lot size reduction efforts. We show that this combined approach can lead to a cycle time reduction of more than 80%.
243

Planeringsmetoder i processindustrin : En fallstudie på AAK AB

Brahimi, Mirlinda, Jonasson, William January 2022 (has links)
Titel: Planeringsmetoder i processindustrin: En fallstudie för AAK AB Författare: Mirlinda Brahimi och William JonassonHandledare: Peter BerlingExaminator: Helena Forslund  Bakgrund: I dagsläget har AAK svårigheter att finna tillräcklig kapacitet för att kunna möta sina kunders ordrar i vissa fall. Det förekommer att de full belastar sin produktionskapacitet och då de måste tacka nej till vissa kunders beställningsordrar. Studien grundar sig i att undersöka och skapa mer förståelse för cyklisk planering eller schemaläggning, då det finns ett behov av att finna sätt att samproducera och gruppera produkter i planeringen. Olika metoder granskas för att upptäcka en lämplig eller förbättrad planeringsmetod som kan skapa produktionsfokus i cykler som vidare bidrar till att minska kapacitetsproblemen och öka produktionseffektiviteten.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att kartlägga och fördjupa sig i planeringsmiljön på AAK för att förbättra deras produktionsplanering i verksamheten. Det görs främst genom att förenkla och placera AAK:s planeringsmiljö i vilken miljötyp företaget tillhör samt dess förutsättningar som förekommer i miljön. Utifrån miljötypen så identifieras olika planeringsmetoder för att ta reda om dess tillämpbarhet kan realiseras på praktiken och faktiskt stabilisera planeringsmiljöns komplexitet på företaget såväl som det ska leda till en ökad fabriksproduktion.Metod: Studiens metod består av en kvalitativ studie, men också en kvantitativ då det görs beräkningar av olika modeller för det dataunderlag som erhållits för AAK:s kartongtappning. Den teoretiska referensramen skapades främst genom sökning av litterära källor och vetenskapliga artiklar. Studiens empiriska data har insamlats genom ostrukturerade- och semistrukturerade intervjuer av olika personer i studiens fallföretag. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att AAK:s miljötyp liknar en repetitiv masstillverkning. Powers-of-two beräkningar visade på goda resultat för kartongtappningen, men skulle kunna anpassas utifrån ett Product Wheel för att ta vara på båda metodernas fördelar. Mycket tyder på liknande resultat för andra processindustrier, då miljötypen är vanlig inom processindustrin.
244

SHARE PARKING

Campos Abanto, Jakeline, Ordoñez Cadenillas, Pilar, Pacheco Arpasaca, María Natalí, Sánchez Morales, Nicole, Terrones Sánchez, Sandy Ross 19 July 2021 (has links)
El presente trabajo de investigación se basa en un aplicativo móvil, “Share Parking” el cual conecta de forma segura y rápida a conductores que necesitan alquilar un estacionamiento con propietarios de viviendas que cuentan con espacios libres en catorce distritos de Lima Metropolitana. El modelo de negocio tiene un protocolo de verificación para evitar incurrir en incidencias que perjudiquen a los usuarios durante el uso del servicio; asimismo, se apuesta por la inversión en sistemas informáticos para la seguridad y confidencialidad de los datos del cliente, las formas de pago y para mantener un control de los procesos internos de la empresa. De acuerdo al análisis económico financiero el proyecto es rentable para los inversionistas y el flujo de caja presenta saldos positivos desde el año dos al cinco. Share Parking cuenta con un VPN FCLD de 1,256,860 soles, monto adicional que se obtendrá del proyecto, además de la rentabilidad que generará, es decir, por invertir 118,123 soles el proyecto genera una rentabilidad promedio anual de 62.47% expresados en términos del año cero. En cuanto al VPN FCNI por invertir 70,874 soles el proyecto ofrecerá una rentabilidad promedio anual exigida por los inversionistas de 67.71%, y adicionalmente dará 1,057,685 soles expresados en términos del año cero. / This research work is based on a mobile application, "Share Parking" which connects drivers who need to rent a parking lot safely and quickly with homeowners who have free spaces in fourteen districts of Metropolitan Lima. The business model has a verification protocol to avoid incurring incidents that harm users while using the service; Likewise, it is committed to investing in computer systems for the security and confidentiality of customer data, payment methods and to maintain control of the company's internal processes. According to the economic and financial analysis, the project is profitable for investors and the cash flow shows positive balances from year two to five. Share Parking has a NPV FCLD of 1,256,860 soles, an additional amount that will be obtained from the project, in addition to the profitability that it will generate, that is, by investing 118,123 soles the project generates an average annual return of 62.47% expressed in terms of year zero. Regarding the FCNI NPV for investing 70,874 soles, the project will offer an average annual return demanded by investors of 67.71%, and will additionally give 1,057,685 soles expressed in terms of year zero. / Trabajo de investigación
245

Easyspace

Guaylupo Cherre, Mireya Ivette, Muñoz Florencio, Katherine Mercedes, O’Brien Ruiz, Giovani Jesús 24 July 2021 (has links)
A lo largo del presente trabajo propondremos una solución alterna al problema de falta de estacionamientos en Miraflores, San Isidro y Centro de Lima; a fin de analizar el proyecto y encontrar una solución viable a este problema, se subdividió el trabajo en tres etapas: Primera Etapa: Evaluaremos la viabilidad del proyecto como alternativa de solución brindando los espacios de parqueo en Miraflores, San Isidro y Centro Lima. Para ello tendremos que identificar el número de estacionamientos disponibles en los distritos mencionados. Segunda Etapa: El producto final en un servicio que comprende la ubicación de estacionamientos disponibles en tiempo real, lo que permite al cliente un servicio rápido, seguro y fuera de la vía pública. Tercera Etapa: Según la evaluación efectuada, el local del negocio estará ubicado en San Isidro, cuya ubicación geográfica determina un punto medio con los demás distritos elegidos. El local elegido está en San Isidro, de esta manera tendremos una comunicación más efectiva con nuestros clientes. Nuestro proyecto será financiado por los aportes de los accionistas y un crédito por parte de la Caja Trujillo. / Throughout this work we will propose an alternative solution to the problem of lack of parking in Miraflores, San Isidro and Downtown Lima; In order to analyze the project and find a viable solution to this problem, the work was subdivided into three stages: First Stage: We will evaluate the viability of the project as an alternative solution by providing parking spaces in Miraflores, San Isidro and Centro Lima. For this we will have to identify the number of parking spaces available in the aforementioned districts. Second Stage: The final product in a service that includes the location of available parking in real time, which allows the customer a fast, safe and off-street service Third Stage: According to the evaluation carried out, the business premises will be located in San Isidro, whose geographical location determines a midpoint with the other chosen districts. The chosen location is San Isidro, in this way we will have more effective communication with our clients. Our project will be financed by shareholder contributions and a loan from Caja Trujillo / Trabajo de investigación
246

Novel Approaches for Some Stochastic and Deterministic Scheduling Problems

Liao, Lingrui 01 July 2011 (has links)
In this dissertation, we develop novel approaches to independently address two issues that are commonly encountered in machine scheduling problems: uncertainty of problem parameters (in particular, due to job processing times), and batching of jobs for processing on capacitated machines. Our approach to address the uncertainty issue regards the indeterminate parameters as random variables, and explicitly considers the resulting variability of a performance measure. To incorporate variability into the schedule selection process, we develop a method to evaluate both the expectation and variance of various performance measures for a given schedule. Our method is based on the use of mixture models to approximate a variety of distribution types. The Expectation-Maximization algorithm of Dempster et al. (1977) is applied to derive mixture models of processing time distributions. Our method, then, utilizes these mixture models to calculate the distributions of other random variables in order to derive the expectation and variance of various scheduling performance measures, assuming that the job sequencing decisions are known a priori. To make our method more computationally efficient, we adapt a mixture reduction method to control the number of mixture components used in the intermediate steps. We apply our method to two different scheduling problems: the job shop makespan scheduling problem and the single machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem, and compare its performance with that of Monte-Carlo method. The results show the efficacy of our mixture approximation method. It generates fairly accurate results while requiring significantly less CPU times. The proposed method offers a good compromise between the Monte Carlo method, which requires extensive effort, and use of simple normal approximation, which produces lower-quality results. Next, we introduce and demonstrate for the first time in the literature the use of conditional-value-at-risk (CVaR) as a criterion for stochastic scheduling problems in order to obtain risk-averse solutions. This criterion has the tendency of minimizing both the expectation and variance of a performance measure simultaneously, which is an attractive feature in the scheduling area as most of the literature in this area considers the expectation and variance of a performance measure separately. Also, the CVaR has an added advantage of maintaining a linear objective function. We develop a scenario-based mixed integer programming formulation to minimize CVaR for the general scheduling problem involving various performance measures, and employ a decomposition-based approach for its solution. Furthermore, a set of valid inequalities are incorporated to strengthen the relaxed master problem of this decomposition scheme. The proposed approach is demonstrated on the single machine total weighted tardiness scheduling problem. Our computational investigation reveals the efficacy of the proposed decomposition approach and the effectiveness of using the CVaR as an optimization criterion for scheduling problems. Besides providing an exact approach to solve our stochastic scheduling problem, we also develop an efficient heuristic method to enable the use of CVaR for large-sized problems. To that end, we modify the Dynasearch method of Grosso et al. (2004) to minimize CVaR for a stochastic scheduling problem. Furthermore, we extend the application of CVaR to a parallel-machine total weighted tardiness problem. The use of CVaR appears to be quite promising for simultaneously controlling both the expected value and variability of a performance measure in a stochastic scheduling environment. Scenario-based formulations have frequently been used for stochastic scheduling problems. However, the determination of a lower bound can be a time-consuming task for this approach. Next, we develop a new method for scenario generation that is computationally competitive and that assures attainment of an exact lower bound. Our approach is based on discretization of random parameter distributions of job processing times. We use the idea of Recursive Stratified Sampling to partition the probability space, so that the conditional expectations in each region yield scenario-wise parameter values. These scenarios are, then, used to formulate a two-stage stochastic program, which yields a lower bound for the original stochastic problem. We provide theoretical basis of our bounding approach for both the expectation and CVaR objectives. Our discrete bounding method generates exact lower bounds, as against the probabilistic bounds generated by Sample Average Approximation. We also present results of our numerical experimentation to compare the performances of these two approaches in terms of the bound value obtained and the CPU time required. The problem pertaining to integrated batching and scheduling of jobs on capacitated parallel machines that we consider arises in the primary manufacturing sector of a pharmaceutical supply chain. We, first, develop a comprehensive mathematical programming model that can accommodate various realistic features of this problem. These features include batch production, sequence-dependent setup time/cost, and inter-period carryover of setup status. We further derive several valid inequalities that are based on the embedded subproblem structure. We also consider an alternative formulation (termed the Plant Location model) based on the lot-sizing perspective of the problem. Noting the resemblance of the campaign sequencing subproblem to the high multiplicity asymmetric traveling salesman problem (HMATSP), we adapt various ideas from the HMATSP to enforce the connectivity of the sequencing graph. Due to the complexity of this problem, we also explore the possibility of applying column generation technique for its solution. Various schemes of problem decomposition are considered, along with the use of dual stabilization technique to improve the convergence of the column generation procedure. We also develop heuristic methods to generate initial feasible solutions that further enhance the performance of the column generation method. A computational experimentation has been conducted on a data set that mimics real-life problem instances. It illustrates the effectiveness of using the proposed column generation method. / Ph. D.
247

Proceedings of the East-Africa Regional Alumni Capacity Building and Networking Seminar

Auch, Eckhard 24 April 2023 (has links)
This volume contains the abstracts of participants of the seminar. / PROGRAM: The seminar consists both of scientific exchange and social events. Keynote speeches on integrated natural resources management, planning and landscape governance make up an essential part of the seminar, complemented by presentations of posters from the participants, an excursion to a landscape project and a role play with a landscape planning exercises. To underpin theory with valuable local practical experience, an exchange with practitioners from forestry and water management in the wider fringe of Kampala will take place. The seminar is designed to encourage interaction among participants and to facilitate the sharing and discussion of individual experiences and perspectives on the various topics. By this learning and generating insights shall be enabled, for upgrading the competencies of the participants and for improving strategies for natural resource management. Kindly find the detailed program schedule on the following pages.
248

Compartición del Espectro Radioeléctrico entre Tecnologías Inalámbricas de Última Generación en la Banda de la Televisión Digital Terrestre

Martínez Pinzón, Gerardo 25 May 2018 (has links)
La presente tesis aborda la problemática de la convivencia entre las redes de la televisión digital terrestre y móvil de cuarta generación en la banda del primer dividendo digital (banda de 700 MHz), en Sudamérica. Además, se proponen dos potenciales casos de uso de compartición de espectro para el uso futuro de la banda de televisión después de los dividendos digitales, como modo de acceso eficiente y flexible para el uso del espectro radioeléctrico. Para garantizar la convivencia entre las tecnologías de televisión y móviles en la banda del primer dividendo digital en Sudamérica, se evalúa tanto el impacto de las redes móviles sobre las de televisión, así como el caso contrario, las redes de televisión sobre las móviles, teniendo en cuenta los parámetros técnicos de operación de cada una de las redes implicadas, los cuales son definidos por organismos de estandarización o parámetros reales de redes implementadas por cada país. Dentro de los parámetros técnicos de operación que se definieron para las redes podemos citar: márgenes de protección entre las señales de televisión y móviles; distancias de protección entre el transmisor interferente y el receptor víctima; banda de guarda requeridas entre las dos tecnologías; límites de emisiones interferentes fuera de banda; niveles de atenuación adicionales en las máscaras espectrales; evaluación de técnicas de mitigación de interferencias, entre otros. Es importe resaltar, que las principales diferencias entre los estudios de convivencia en Sudamérica respecto a Europa son: la banda de guarda en Sudamérica son 5 MHz mientras en Europa son 9 MHz; el ancho de banda de un canal de televisión en Sudamérica es 6 MHz respecto a 8 MHz en Europa; el estándar de televisión adoptados en casi toda Sudamérica es ISDB-Tb, a excepción de Colombia que adopto DVB-T2. Asimismo, en el ámbito de esta tesis, se proponen dos potenciales casos de estudio para el uso futuro de la banda de TV, promoviendo la compartición de espectro como un modo de acceso eficiente: El primer caso de estudio, propone un nuevo concepto de espacios en blanco llamado µ-TV-White-Space, los cuales son aquellas zonas geográficas en los interiores de una vivienda y/o oficina que no son cubiertas por el servicio de televisión digital terrestre, ya sea por la ausencia de cobertura o por obstáculos. El escenario propuesto es una red DVB-T2 ofreciendo cobertura en recepción fija sobre tejado, como servicio primario, y, femtoceldas LTE-A en interiores de un hogar u oficina, como servicio secundario. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan restricciones técnicas para que las femtoceldas LTE-A puedan operar correctamente en espectro compartido con los servicios de televisión. Específicamente, se define la Potencia Isotrópica Radiada Equivalente (PIRE) máxima que podrían transmitir las femtoceldas, en función de la separación en frecuencia con los servicios de televisión. El segundo caso de estudio, propone el uso de los espacios en blanco para la compartición de espectro entre los servicios de internet de las cosas bajo el estándar NB-LTE-IoT, como servicio secundario, y servicios de televisión digital terrestre bajo el estándar DVB-T2, como servicio primario. Se define la máxima potencia transmisible por los nodos y dispositivos IoT sin interferir al servicio primario. Además, se evalúa el impacto del ciclo de trabajo de los dispositivos considerando que existirá diversidad de aplicaciones. La importancia de esta propuesta se fundamenta en dos contribuciones: por un lado, se optimiza el uso de la banda de televisión mediante el acceso secundario de dispositivos de baja potencia en los espacios en blanco, siempre garantizando los servicios de televisión, como servicio primario, por otro lado, se contribuye con nuevas frecuencias para las tecnologías móviles de última generación, con el objetivo de aumentar la capacidad de las redes que soportarán tanto / This thesis deals with the issue about coexistence between television and fourth generation mobile networks within the band of the first digital dividend (700 MHz band), in South America. Moreover, two potential cases of sharing spectrum for future use of the television band after the digital dividends are suggested as an efficient and flexible way for usage of the radio spectrum. In order to ensure the coexistence between the television and mobile technologies within the band of the first digital dividend in South America, the impact of the mobile networks as well as the opposite case are assessed. The technical operation parameters for each of the involved networks defined by standardizing organisms or real parameters from implemented networks in each country are considered. Among the technical parameters that were defined for the networks, we can mention: protection ratio between television and mobile signals; protection distances between the interfering transmitter and the victim receiver; required guard bands between both technologies; maximum power of the interfering out-of-band emissions in adjacent channels; additional attenuation levels in the spectrum emission mask in transmission and reception; assessing of interference mitigation techniques, among others. It is important to highlight that the main differences between the coexistence studies for South America and Europe are: the guard bands in South America are 5 MHz whereas in Europe are 9 MHz; bandwidth for a channel in South America is 6 MHz in contrast with the 8 MHz of Europe; the television standard adopted in almost all South America is ISDB-Tb, except Colombia and the French Guiana, which adopted DVB-T2. Additionally, within the scope of this thesis, two potential study cases for future usage of the TV band are proposed, promoting sharing spectrum as an efficient access way: The first study we go a step beyond coexistence, since the aim is to exploit the unused radio spectrum in those geographical zones that are not covered because the useful signal is obstructed by the environment or it has a limited coverage by the network design. Those areas can be called "micro-TVWS" (µ-TV-White-Space). The most representative cases of our definition of µ-TV-White-Space are those indoor environments in areas where DTT received power is below the required sensitivity because a TV channel is broadcasted to rooftop reception. The proposed scenario considers a DTT network offering fixed rooftop reception as a primary service, and a LTE-A femtocell giving coverage within the interior of a home or office as a secondary service. Our results provide the technical restrictions of the LTE-A Femtocell, mainly on the maximum allowable Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) that could transmit on the DTT band in terms of carrier separation, from co-channel to adjacent band. The second study case, suggests the use of white spaces for spectrum sharing among the Internet of Things (IoT) services, under the NB-LTE-IoT standard, as secondary service, and digital terrestrial television services under the DVB-T2 standard, as primary service. The maximum transmissible power by the nodes and IoT devices without interfering the primary service is defined. Besides, the impact of the duty cycle of the devices is assessed considering that there will be a great diversity of applications, and thus, a great diversity of operation requirements. The significance of this proposal is due to two contributions: on the aone hand, the usage of the television band is optimized through secondary access of low power devices within the white spaces, always ensuring television services as primary service. On the other hand, new frequencies for last generation mobile technologies are given, with the aim at increasing the network capacity, which will bear mobile services as well as IoT, regarding the high challenge of offering connectivity to millions of devices during the next decade. / La present tesi aborda la problemàtica de la convivència entres les xarxes de la televisió digital terrestre i mòbil de quarta generació en la banda del primer dividend digital (banda de 700 MHz), en Sud-Amèrica. A més, es proposen dos potencials casos d'ús compartit d'espectre per a l'ús futur de la banda de televisió després dels dividends digitals, com a mode d'accés eficient i flexible per a l'ús de l'espectre radioelèctric. Per tal de garantir la convivència entre les tecnologies de televisió i mòbils en la banda del primer dividend digital en Sud-Amèrica, s'avalua tant l'impacte de les xarxes mòbils sobre les de televisió, com el cas contrari, les xarxes de televisió sobre les mòbils, tenint en compte els paràmetres tècnics d'operació de cadascuna de les xarxes implicades, els quals són definits per organismes d'estandardització o paràmetres reals de xarxes implementades per cada país. Dins dels paràmetres tècnics d'operació que es van definir per a les xarxes podem citar: marges de protecció entre els senyals de televisió i mòbils; distàncies de protecció entre el transistor interferent i el receptor víctima; banda de guarda entre ambdós tecnologies; límits de les emissions interferents fora de banda; nivells d'atenuació addicionals en les màscares espectrals; avaluació de tècniques de mitigació d'interferències, entre d'altres. És important destacar, que les principals diferències entre els estudis de convivència en Sud-Amèrica respecte d'Europa són: la banda de guarda en Sud-Amèrica són 5 MHz mentre que a Europa són 9 MHz; l'amplària de banda d'un canal de televisió en Sud-Amèrica és de 6 MHz respecte dels 8 MHz a Europa; l'estàndard de televisió adoptat en quasi tota Sud-Amèrica és ISDB-Tb, excepte Colòmbia i la Guaiana Francesa que van adoptar DVB-T2. A Europa quasi tots els països tenen adoptats els estàndards DVB-T de primera i segona generació. Així mateix, en l'àmbit de la tesi, es proposen dos potencials casos d'estudi per a l'ús futur de la banda de TV, de manera que es promoga la compartició d'espectre com un mode d'accés eficient: El primer cas d'estudi, proposa un nou concepte d'espais en blanc anomenat µ-TV-White-Space, els quals són aquelles zones geogràfiques que no són cobertes pel servei de televisió digital terrestre, ja siga per l'absència de cobertura o per obstacles. L'escenari proposat és una xarxa DVB-T2 que ofereix cobertura en recepció fixa sobre terrat, com a servei primari, i femtocel·les LTE-A en interiors d'una llar o oficina, com a servei secundari. Els resultats obtinguts proporcionen restriccions tècniques per tal que les femtocel·les LTE-A puguen operar correctament en espectre compartit amb els serveis de televisió. Específicament, es defineix la Potència Isotròpica Radiada Equivalent (PIRE) màxima que podrien transmetre les femtocel·les, en funció de la separació en freqüència amb els serveis de televisió. El segon cas d'estudi, proposa l'ús d'espais en blanc per a la compartició d'espectre entre els serveis d'internet de les coses (Internet of Things o IOT, en anglès), sota l'estàndard NB-LTE-IoT, com a servei secundari, i serveis de televisió digital terrestre sota l'estàndard DVB-T2, com a servei primari. Es defineix la màxima potència transmissible pels nodes i dispositius IoT sense interferir al servei primari. A més, s'avalua l'impacte del cicle de treball dels dispositius considerant que existirà diversitat d'aplicacions, i, per tant, diversitat de requeriments d'operació. La importància d'aquesta proposta es fonamenta en dues contribucions: per una banda, s'optimitza l'ús de la banda de televisió mitjançant l'accés secundari de dispositius de baixa potència als espais en blanc, sempre garantint els serveis de televisió, com a servei primari. Per altra banda, es contribueix amb noves freqüències per a les tecnologies mòbils d'última generació, amb l'objectiu d'a / Martínez Pinzón, G. (2018). Compartición del Espectro Radioeléctrico entre Tecnologías Inalámbricas de Última Generación en la Banda de la Televisión Digital Terrestre [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/102644
249

EXPRESSIVE WRITING: QUALITY OF LIFE, PRONOUNS AND WORKING MEMORY - A PILOT STUDY

Lindgren, Helén January 2018 (has links)
For 30 years researchers have studied Expressive Writing (EW) - writing emotionally about a trauma 3-5 times for 15-30 minutes, while controls (CW) objectively write about, most often, time management. Previous research has documented associations, in the trauma condition, between flexible use of pronouns and physical health, or between trauma writing and improvement of working memory (WM). The main aim of the current study was to see if there is a relation between flexible use of first-person pronoun singular (“I”) in EW and improved results on WM test, as well as on quality of life and self-reported illness. In an Internet study participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling and randomly divided on conditions. The final sample consisted of 10 participants each in EW and CW: 13 women, 6 men and 1 non-binary, 21-69 years, most of them well educated. Outcome measures were WM test (Automated version of Operation Span Task; AOSPAN), self-reported quality of life (Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life; BBQ) and self-reported illness (days of symptoms and restricted activities). JASP was used for the statistics. A measure of flexible use of the Swedish pronoun “jag” (“I”) was tested and found to associate with significant improvements in AOSPAN results only; unexpectedly within the whole sample. On condition one significant result was found: EW improved their quality of life. The increase in AOSPAN results is discussed, as well as writing instructions and baseline assessments. The small sample with self-reported health measures and online WM test limited the study. Replications of the results are needed. / I 30 år har forskare studerat Expressivt skrivande (EW) - att skriva känslomässigt om ett trauma 3-5 gånger à 15-30 minuter. Kontrollbetingelsen (CW) har ofta bestått av att objektivt beskriva sin tidsanvändning. Tidigare forskning har i traumabetingelsen påvisat samband mellan en flexibel användning av pronomen och fysisk hälsa, eller mellan traumaskrivande och förbättrade resultat på test av arbetsminne (WM). Huvudsyftet med den föreliggande studien var att se om det finns ett samband mellan en flexibel användning i EW av pronomenet första person singular (”jag”) och förbättrade resultat på arbetsminnestest, samt på livskvalitet och självrapporterad ohälsa. Tio deltagare vardera deltog i experiment- respektive kontrollgruppen: 13 kvinnor, 6 män och 1 icke-binär, 21-69 år; de flesta välutbildade. Deltagarna rekryterades genom bekvämlighets- och snöbollsurval och fördelades slumpvis till betingelserna. En internetstudie genomfördes, med utfallsmåtten arbetsminnestest (Automated version of Operation Span Task; AOSPAN), självskattad livskvalitet (Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life; BBQ), samt självskattad ohälsa (dagar med symptom respektive med begränsade aktiviteter). JASP användes för de statistiska analyserna. Ett mått för flexibel användning av det svenska pronomenet ”jag” testades och visade sig vara associerat med signifikanta förbättringar enbart av AOSPAN-resultatet, men förvånande nog inom hela urvalet. I övrigt hittades endast en skillnad mellan betingelserna, nämligen att experimentgruppen signifikant förbättrade sin självskattade livskvalitet. Ökningen av AOSPAN-resultaten diskuteras, liksom skrivinstruktioner och baslinjeskattningar. Studien begränsades av ett litet urval, självskattade hälsomått och nätbaserat arbetsminnestest. Replikationer av resultaten är nödvändiga.
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影響臺北市住宅供給之因素探討 -土地細碎與開發政策的觀點 / A Study of the Factors that Influence Housing Supply in Taipei –The Perspectives of Land Fragmentation and Land Development Policy

周昱賢, Chou, Yu Hsien Unknown Date (has links)
過去一般認為,土地供給是固定不變,故價格彈性為零。這樣的思考方式背後隱含需求面才是不動產市場的主導力量,因此土地供給面往往被忽略。不動產僵局的議題近年來不斷出現在世界各國,臺灣社會也不例外。由此觀之,都市住宅供給過程中,似乎不完全由市場需求面主導,尤其都市進入成熟發展階段後,土地供給面的重要程度更應該被突顯。故本研究從供給角度出發,並認為土地面積和產權在都市住宅供給過程中,可能扮演關鍵的角色。透過本研究提出之二維向度分析,也確實發現開發難度和住宅區開發量間存在一定的負向關係,為後續迴歸分析的立論基礎。市場力量或政府力量是否能克服基地面積過小和產權複雜問題,亦是本研究關注之重點。 利用臺北市民國94年到103年的使用執照和拆除執照,以里為分析單元,計算臺北市各里住宅區的樓地板面積淨增加率,並觀察其在空間上之高低分布。影響樓地板面積淨增加率的因素除包含土地面積和產權因素,亦應包括總體因素,區位與政策因素。一般迴歸模型和空間迴歸模型之實證結果顯示:各里中住宅供給多寡主要受到總體因素影響。此外,劃定都市更新地區之政策亦具有吸引建築投資之效果。然而土地面積並非是影響住宅供給之關鍵因素。但本研究進一步發現,在相同條件之下,產權單純對於住宅開發供給多寡的差異,因臺北市區位而有不同,住宅開發供給量由多至少依序為早期發展區、郊區和市中心。且在早期發展地區,產權越複雜的里比起產權較單純的里,住宅供給確實有較少的趨勢,顯示土地產權仍然在臺北市部分地區,造成開發上的問題。 / It is understood that land supply is fixed and the price elasticity is zero, which implies that the side of demand is the dominant force in the real estate market. Because of this the supply side of land is often ignored. The issues of gridlock of real estate development are emerging in recent years worldwide, and Taiwan is no exception. In these instances the market does not seem entirely dominated by demand in the process of housing supply. Especially in cities which have entered a mature stage of development, the importance of land supply should be highlighted. This study is taking the perspective of supply and considering that lot size and land property key roles in the process of housing supply. Throughout this study, we proposed a two-dimensional analysis and indeed found that there was a negative relationship between development difficulty and the amount of residential development, which was the theoretical basis for the subsequent regression analysis. Whether market force or government force can overcome the problems of small lot size and complex land property was also a focus of attention in this study. We used Building Use Permit and Demolition Permit from the year2005 to2014 in Taipei and the analysis units were individual neighborhoods. We calculate net increasing rate of floor area in residential sections of Taipei and observe its distribution in space. Factors affecting net increasing rate of floor area in residential sections include lot size and ownership factors, as well as general factors, region and policy factors. According to ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial regression, the empirical results show that housing supply in each neighborhood in Taipei is dominated by general factors. In addition, the policy of the delineated renewal areas has the effect of attracting construction investment. However, the lot size was not a key factor in the process of housing supply. Furthermore, the study found that under simple land property conditions, housing supply discrepancies over location in Taipei and supplied quantity in order was the old core, periphery and center. And in the old core, compared to the neighborhoods of simple land property, the housing supply in neighborhoods of complex land property has a decreasing trend which reveals that land property is still causing development problems in parts of Taipei.

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