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The purpose of this study is to analyze how a rural muncipality with negative population growth promotes year-round residency. Using Lysekil municipality as an example, this study aims to investigate both the consequences of a declining year-round population, and how the municipality encourages population growth in the Commune. Of course, this is an extremely broad subject which can be approached from many angles. With this in mind, areas such as urbanization, attractiveness and place-marketing were scrutinized in detail. Using qualitative research (and empirical data) from various literature, as well as semi-structured interviews with employees of Lysekil municipality, the study revealed that a declining year-round population resulted in declining tax revenue. This tax shortage could lead to the municipality becoming unable to offer services that meet the expectations of the local population. However, the study also revealed that Lysekil municipality has great potential to achieve the population growth it desires. This can be accomplished by appropriate investments into attractive living situations as well as effective communications in the shape of the local internet and public transportation. For Lysekil municipality to become a year-round vivid municipality would require several measures, alongside investment, in both outer and inner factors.

Det svenska samhället präglas i dagsläget av resursbrist bland flera av de brottsförebyggande aktörerna. Två av dessa är Polis och kommun, de kanske mest centrala aktörerna i samhället. Med resursbristen följer konsekvenser. Tidigare forskning visar att människor tenderar att tappa förtroende för aktörerna om deras förväntningar inte uppfylls. En av dessa förväntningar är att aktörerna är synliga och tillgängliga. Lysekil, en av Sveriges kommuner som saknar poliser i yttre tjänst, tvingas finna alternativa lösningar för att förebygga brott och upprätthålla tryggheten. Detta med medel de anser bör läggas på andra kommunala arbetsuppgifter. På uppdrag av trygghetsgruppen i Lysekil har en kvalitativ studie genomförts för att bland annat undersöka medborgarnas förtroende till de brottsförebyggande aktörerna. Syftet med undersökningen är att ge kommunen en lägesbild av medborgarnas åsikter, vilken kan bidra som underlag till kommunens framtida arbete. Undersökningen önskas även vara behjälplig för andra kommuner med liknande förutsättningar och resurser. Med hjälp av tio gruppintervjuer, där intervjupersoner bosatta i Lysekil är involverade, framkommer som förväntat ett behov av större polisiär närvaro. Medborgarna anser sig däremot ha större förtroende för Polisen än kommunen. Trots de brottsförebyggande insatser kommunen gör i Lysekil tycks dessa till stor del vara helt okända för medborgarna. Det existerar därför en önskan från medborgarna om bättre kommunikation från kommunens sida. / Swedish society is currently characterized by a lack of resources among several of the crime prevention actors. Two of these are the Police and the municipality, perhaps the most central players in society. There are a number of potential consequences that follow lack of resources. Previous research shows that people tend to lose trust in the actors if their expectations aren’t met. One of these expectations is that the actors are visible and available. Lysekil, one of Sweden's municipalities that lacks police officers, is forced to find alternative solutions to prevent crime and maintain security. This by means of funds they consider should be added to other municipal tasks. On behalf of the safety group in Lysekil, a qualitative study has been carried out to, among other things, examine the citizens' trust in the crime prevention actors. The purpose of the survey is to give the municipality a picture of the citizens’ views, which can contribute as a basis for the municipality's future work. The survey also wants to assist other municipalities with similar conditions and resources. With the help of ten group interviews, where respondents residing in Lysekil are involved, a need for greater police presence emerges as expected. The citizens, on the other hand, consider themselves have more trust in the police than the municipality. Despite the crime prevention initiatives the municipality does in Lysekil, these seem to be largely unknown to the citizens. Therefore, a desire from the citizens for better communication on the part of the municipality is identified.

This thesis presents how experimental results, from wave power research performed offshore at the Lysekil research site, were obtained. The data were used to verify theoretical models as well as evaluate the feasibility of wave power as a future sustainable energy source. The first experiments carried out at the research site was the measurement of the force in a line where one end was connected to a buoy with a diameter of 3 m and the other end to a set of springs with limited stroke length. The system is exposed to high peak forces compared to average forces. The maximum measured force in the line, when the buoy motion is limited by a stiff stopper rope is ten times the average force in that particular sea state. The experiment performed on the first wave energy converter tested at the Lysekil Research Site is described. The infrastructure of the site is presented where the central connection point is the measuring station. The key finding is that it is possible to transform the motions of ocean waves into electrical energy and distribute it to land. Many wave energy converters must be interconnected if large amounts of energy are to be harvested from the waves. The first submerged substation intended for aggregation of energy from wave power converters is described, with focus on the measurement and control system placed inside the substation. During this experiment period the generators were equipped with many different sensors; these measurements are explained in the thesis. The system that aggregates power from the studied wave energy converter is regularly exposed to peak power of up to 20 times the maximum average output from the converter. Vertical and horizontal movement of the buoy has been measured in different ways. The result is that the vertical displacement of the buoy can be measured with a simple accelerometer circuit but it is much more complicated to measure the horizontal displacement. A special method for measuring the horizontal displacement has been implemented by measuring the strain in the enclosure and the force in the line. / Den här avhandlingen berättar om hur experimenten vid Lysekils forskningsområde för vågkraft har utförts. Insamlade mätdata har använts för att verifiera teoretiska samband som modulerats vid Elektricitetslära, Uppsala universitet. De teoretiska och praktiska resultaten har visat på att vågkraft har förutsättningarna att implementeras som en hållbar framtida energikälla. Intressanta mätmetoder har utvecklas och påfrestningarna  på utrustningin och dess samband med medel effekten har studerats. / Lysekils projektet

Now more than ever, we are exposed to the consequences of floods and their spatial implications. Climate change is one of the most dramatic global challenges of our time and is presenting a serious threat to even the most advanced coastal cities.  Lysekil is a municipality on the west coast of Sweden. Lysekil is surrounded by harbors and piers on all sides facing the sea. The Lysekil Center proposal is about rebuilding the existing fishmarket, but also having a natural meeting point for ferries, boats, cars and pedestrians. At the same time, a landscape has been designed with a focus on managing a sea level rise of 1.5 meters.

Now more than ever, we are exposed to the consequences of floods and their spatial implications. Climate change is one of the most dramatic global challenges of our time and is presenting a serious threat to even the most advanced coastal cities.  Lysekil is a municipality on the west coast of Sweden. Lysekil is surrounded by harbors and piers on all sides facing the sea. The Lysekil Center proposal is about rebuilding the existing fishmarket, but also having a natural meeting point for ferries, boats, cars and pedestrians. At the same time, a landscape has been designed with a focus on managing a sea level rise of 1.5 meters.

At the end of 2016, the Swedish petroleum and biofuel company Preem applied for an environmental permit to convert high-sulfur bunker oil to low-sulfur petrol and diesel at Preemraff Lysekil. Something that required an expansion of the refinery. The process ended abruptly in September 2020 when Preem chose to withdraw their application. In connection with the process, two actor coalitions were formed, with one being for an expansion and the other against. Both coalitions had the explicit goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing climate change. The difference, however, was their view on whether this could be achieved thanks to an expansion of Preemraff Lysekil, or if it could only happen without it. Through their actions the coalitions have tried to influence the policy process in a direction that is desirable for them. This study aims to systematically map the coalitions and their actions and contribute to a deeper understanding of their actions and impact on the process of the planned expansion project of Preemraff Lysekil. The study is designed as a qualitative case study and is based on The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), which can be used to explain and understand beliefs and policy change when multiple actors are involved in a policy process. According to the ACF, actors who share similar policy core beliefs come together in coalitions to increase the chances of policy change. The study also uses urban regime theory to understand the informal and unspoken agenda between Preemraff Lysekil and Lysekil municipality. The results from previous research show several common denominators with the Preemraff Lysekil case. The analysis shows that the actors who were against an expansion had similar deep core beliefs and consistent policy core beliefs, they also had a consensus on how the policy change should be implemented. They have tried to influence the process by appealing court decisions and tried to get the Swedish government to take over the assessment of the application, which also happened. The analysis shows that the actors who were in favor of an expansion had more dispersed deep core beliefs but were consistent in their policy core beliefs and secondary beliefs. They have made attempts to stop the government from taking over the case from the court. As these attempts have been unsuccessful, they instead tried to get the government to allow an expansion. By using different forms of resources, both coalitions have tried to get the public and decision-makers to support their own proposal for policy change, with varying results. What ultimately led Preem to withdraw the application is not clarified. Maybe the pressure from those who were against an expansion became too powerful, maybe the COVID-19 pandemic left such a big mark on international production chains and the global market that an expansion was no longer profitable. There is also a possibility that Preem's decision is based on both parts, but we will probably never know.

The wave energy converter developed at Uppsala University consists of a linear generator at the seabed driven by the motion of a buoy on the water surface. The energy absorbed by the generator is negatively affected by variations of the mean sea level caused by tides, changes in barometric pressure, strong winds, and storm surges. The work presented in this doctoral thesis aims to investigate the losses in energy absorption for the present generation wave energy converter due to the effect of sea level variations, mainly caused by tides. This goal is achieved through the modeling of the interaction between the waves and the point absorber. An estimation of the economic cost that these losses imply is also made. Moreover, solutions on how to reduce the negative effect of sea level variations are discussed. To this end, two compensation systems which adjust the length of the connection line between the floater and the generator are designed, and the first prototype is built and tested near the Lysekil research site. The theoretical study assesses the energy loss at about 400 coastal points all over the world and for one generator design. The results highlight critical locations where the need for a compensation system appears compelling. The same hydro-mechanic model is applied to a specific site, the Wave Hub on the west coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom, where the energy loss is calculated to be about 53 %. The experimental work led to the construction of a buoy equipped with a screw jack together with its control, measurement and communication systems. The prototype, suitable for sea level variations of small range, is tested and its performance evaluated. A second prototype, suitable for high range variations, is also designed and is currently under construction. One main conclusion is that including the compensation systems in the design of the wave energy converter will increase the competitiveness of the technology from an economic point of view by decreasing its cost per kWh. The need for a cost-effective wave energy converter with increased survivability emphasizes the importance of the presented research and its future development.

Havets Hus i Lysekil bedriver en anläggning med ett flertal havsvattenakvarium som innehåller fiskar och havsdjur från svenska havsvatten. Till anläggningen tas det kontinuerligt in nytt havsvatten från Gullmarsfjorden, till några av akva-rierna kyls det inkommande havsvattnet med hjälp av en kylmaskin. I dagsläget är kylmaskinen luftkyld, vilket är ineffek-tivt. Havets Hus vill undersöka möjligheten att effektivisera kylprocessen genom att kyla maskinen mer effektivt, undersö-ka om det går att ta vara på värmeenergin som annars släpps ut i luften eller på något annat sätt göra kylprocessen mer effektiv.Sex alternativ för effektivare kylning har tagits fram. Det finns två inriktningar på alternativen, antingen att förbättra den befintliga installationen genom att till exempel kyla dess kondensor mer effektivt med hjälp utav havsvatten eller att installera nya maskiner. Det finns också ett kompletteringsalternativ som går att kombinera med alla de andra alternativen och går ut på att installera en värmeväxlare mellan ingående havsvatten som ska kylas och utgående havsvatten från de kylda akvarierna. Alternativet som ger störst ekonomisk sparpotential går ut på att installera två nya kylmaskiner. En som är dimensionerad efter Havets Hus varmvattenbehov och som tar värme från det inkommande havsvattnet och en som fyller upp det resterande kylbehovet. De nya maskinerna fyller det totala kylbehovet på Havets Hus, det vill säga både kylbehovet för det inkommande havsvattnet och för ventilationssystemet. Alternativet kan spara Havets Hus ca 184 000-199 000 kr/år och tillsammans med en värmeväxlare kan det spara ca 202 000-223 000 kr/år.