Avec le renforcement des frontières extérieures de l'Union européenne, les îles en Méditerranée sont devenues des lieux clés de la politique de contrôle migratoire. Cette thèse s'intéresse au cas de Malte. A l'appui des « governmentality studies », cette thèse pose les questions suivantes : comment les migrants deviennent-ils l'objet de stratégies gouvernementales depuis l'adhésion de l'île-Etat à l'Union européenne en 2004 et comment y réagissent-ils par leurs pratiques ? La littérature sur le contrôle migratoire tend à étudier soit les décideurs, soit les populations cibles. En cela, ce champ d'étude a tendance à reproduire la déconnexion opérée par les politiques publiques entre gouvernés et gouvernants. Prenant le contre-pied de ces approches, cette déconnexion constitue l'objet de cette recherche. La fabrique du contrôle migratoire est envisagée comme un processus auquel prennent part, tout en étant déconnectés, tant les récepteurs que les concepteurs. Ces derniers exercent leur « agency » dans une relation de pouvoir asymétrique. Dans cette perspective, je proposerai le concept de « gouvernementalité » transnationale à partir de l'étude de la construction des migrations subsahariennes à Malte comme problème européen, de l'enfermement des migrants sur l'île et des politiques de relocalisation et de réinstallation. Je montre que la « gouvernementalité » transnationale des migrations repose en partie sur l'exercice de la violence. Si l'enfermement systématique à l'arrivée peut être prolongé jusqu'à 18 mois, les migrants sont néanmoins mobiles. A ce titre, ils constituent les véritables acteurs transnationaux de cette forme particulière de « gouvernementalité » / Due to the strengthening of the external borders of the European Union (EU), the islands of the Mediterranean became key sites of migration control policies. This doctoral research focuses on the case of Malta. Using governmentality studies as a theoretical framework, this dissertation asks the following questions: how have migrants become the object of governmental strategies following the accession of the island-state to the EU on 2004 and how have migrants reacted to them ? The literature on migration control tends to study either policy-makers or target population. In doing so, it reproduces the disconnection between those who govern and those who are governed. To the contrary, this disconnection is at the centre of my research. I consider migration control as a process involving both policy-makers and beneficiaries, even if they are disconnected. They are subjected to asymmetrical power relations in which they both exercise agency. Following this perspective, I use the concept of transnational governmentality to study how migrants in Malta are constructed as an EU problem, how they are detained on the island and become the object of relocation and resettlement policies. I demonstrate that transnational governmentality partly relies on the exercise of physical violence. Mandatory detention is implemented upon arrival and can last up to 18 months. Although migrants are presented as immobilised populations, they are actually mobile. As such, they are the real transnational actors of governmentality

(in English) The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta is the oldest and most important knightly order of the Catholic Church. Its origins are connected with the crusades to the Holy Land and it came to the Bohemian territory in the second half of the 12th century. Until the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire it enjoyed an exceptional position, but after the creation of the so-called first Czechoslovak Republic its position was greatly weakened. The new state, primarily a part of its political elites, was not inclined to the Catholic Church, and for a number of contemporaries represented this traditional and aristocratic order a relic of an old monarchy. The difficult political and social position of the order was accompanied by economic difficulties caused, inter alia, by land reform, which had a significant negative effect on the order's land property. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the operation of the order at this time with a focus on its economic activities. Key words Order of Malta, Grand Priory of Bohemia, Economic activity, First Czechoslovak Republic, Land reform

À Zabbar, un village maltais du Nord-Est, la banda Maria Mater Gratiae et la banda San Mikiel, rivales depuis leur fondation, en 1883, sont intégrées dans la vie villageoise et animent la fête patronale de Santa Maria Mater Gratiae, tous les ans, le 8 septembre. La musique des bandas – des marches – est une musique populaire, festive, religieuse et écrite. Elle ne joue pas seulement un rôle décoratif ou d’utilité ni de stricte nécessité sociale, elle constitue un véritable fait social total. Elle s’inscrit dans une pratique collective du quotidien et produit des sociabilités multiples, des échanges, des univers sonores, un imaginaire musical riche en mouvement. La première partie de cette thèse, d’un caractère ethnographique, décrit le contexte musical du village, en mettant l’accent sur les bandas, leur siège – le kazin –, leur histoire, leur rôle dans le contexte musical maltais. Dans une deuxième partie, la musique des bandas se révèle être au centre d’échanges - des musiciens et des partitions – et de rivalités dans l’espace villageois et de l’île. Enfin, après une description de la musique dans la fête et une étude comparée qui montre l’origine même de ces formations dans la double histoire des orchestres de cuivre et d’harmonie, une dernière partie est consacrée à l’analyse musicale et a pour but de découvrir la logique de ces musiques paraliturgiques / In Zabbar, a village in north-east Malta, two bandas, Maria Mater Gratiae and San Mikiel, have been rivals since they were founded in 1883. They are part and parcel of village life and bring life to the Santa Maria Mater Gratiae village festival each year, on the 8th of September. The music of bandas, of marches, is a popular, festive, religious, written music. Its role is neither decorative nor utilitarian, nor is it a strict social necessity, it is an actual complete social fact. It is part of a collective pratice in daily life and produces multiple sociabilities, exchanges, musical worlds, an imaginary musical universe full of movement. The first part of this thesis, which is ethnographic, describes the musical context of the village, drawing attention to the bandas, their seats (or kazin), their history, the role they play in the Maltese musical context. In the second part, banda music is discovered to be central to exchanges (musicians and music scores) and rivalries within the village space and the island itself. Then comes a description of the music within the festival and a comparative study meant to show how the bandas found their origins in the history of brass bands and orchestras. Finally, a last part is dedicated to musical analysis and aims at discovering the logic within those paraliturgical musics.

Orientador: Etienne Samain / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T22:45:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliveiraJunior_AntonioRibeirode_M.pdf: 10029489 bytes, checksum: b7a3eb5f312a32722ed817264fb9e5e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios

The main purpose of this study was to increase knowledge on the views of students with reading and writing difficulties when it comes to their perception of their difficulties, school experiences and future aspirations. The second aim was to increase knowledge about some differences and similarities between Malta and Sweden in the subject field. The research questions concerned students’ descriptions of their diagnostic processes, perception of their difficulties, strengths and coping strategies, school experience and future aspirations. A qualitative interview study was conducted with five Swedish and six Maltese upper secondary school students. The Ecological systems theory and Didactic theory together with previous research were used to analyse the results. To summarise the results, almost all of the students diagnosed with dyslexia showed a positive attitude towards having the report. The Maltese students described the absolute necessity of a diagnosis to receive support. No student in the study described having received support and structured phonological training as recommended by previous research. The students described a wide range of difficulties, strengths and coping strategies mainly in line with previous research. The importance of concentration when learning and taking tests was accentuated. Listening to a skilled teacher was emphasised as one of the best ways of learning, and the importance of willpower was highlighted. The students showed the importance of communicating with teachers, finding own methods, and make the most of one’s strengths to close the gaps in the areas in which one experiences difficulties. For all the Maltese students, private lessons have been a source of support, while none of the Swedish mentioned any private training. For the majority, both parents and a hobby played an important role when it comes to support and well-being. All students described school as difficult, but students’ experiences of school ranged from humiliating to somehow supportive. Some of the Maltese students described that they were afraid of being judged for using dyslexia as an excuse, while some of the Swedish students described they felt the right to support and adjustments. All students but one described that they had lowered their future aspirations due to their difficulties. All students seem to rely on their own strategies for school success. In the light of the theoretical framework – the Ecological systems theory, Didactic theory and previous research – the results could imply both a need for improving teachers’ literacy and didactic skills within the existing systems as well as a need for curriculum development and change of examinations systems.

With the rich history of territorial conquest on the island of Malta, each regime has left its mark on the small archipelago, especially with each linguistic conquest, a new language was formed, influenced and fortified to what we know now as Maltese. Within this thesis we will identify the factors of these regimes which have led Malta to become a bilingual nation. This thesis investigates the Maltese language situation along with the status of the social and individual characteristics the theories of bilingualism adhere. In order to address how Malta has become a functional bilingual society, theoretical measures of both societal and individual bilingualism will be explored. The thesis applies research methodology with special participation of University students and staff from the University of Malta. Together they help bring insight in answering just how Maltese and English are encouraged in the Maltese social strata. It shows just how it is maintained individually by understanding the environmental mechanisms put in place by the Maltese government as well as how it is encouraged at home. Furthermore, it explains how the policies help the languages continue to coexist and form a functional bilingual society.

The aim of this paper is to summarize and evaluate properties of polymers modified modified mortar, their durability and the possibility of surface treatment. Recently, the requirements for additional surface treatment of architectonal concrete are increased and the application of polymer-modified mortar can accelerate and simplify the realization of visible concrete. Polymer-modified mortar with the addition of powder photocatalysts can significantly reduce and thus increase the availability of photoactive concrete structures. The experimental part deals with the addition of photocatalyst to the polymer-modified mortar and the subsequent assessment of the photocatalytic properties, the possibility of modification cement mortars with anorganic pigments and the application of transparent coatings for the enhancement of color saturation and resistance.

The island of Malta is highly reliant on fossil fuels for its power (99%), and due to climate mitigation policies implemented by EU the Maltese government is required to have 10% of its power generation from renewables by 2020. To achieve these energy goals, the Maltese government has expressed interest in investing on a Hexicon platform to produce 9% of the Maltese energy demand. The Hexicon platform is a floating structure capable of carrying a wide range of renewable energy generators. The Hexicon platform proposed for Malta is meant to have a rated capacity of 54MW distributed by vertical and horizontal wind energy converters. Nevertheless, due to the irregular nature of wind the Hexicon platform would still use diesel generators on-board as backup power; this inherently defeats the purpose of the Maltese investment, and therefore a Hydrogen backup system was proposed and investigated for its technical and economic viability. A literature study was carried out on renewable hydrogen system in order to familiarise with the type of markets and the best way to apply the technology to the scenario at hand. Four markets were established, small-scale, transportation, stand-alone power systems, and large buffering systems; the large buffering system is the most appropriate for the study, and taking this type of system into account, the most appropriate hydrogen generation and utilisation system were then identified. It was established that the system is composed of three parts, electrolyser, storage tanks and fuel cells stacks. However, an additional water purification system is necessary; this is due to the fact that the Hexicon platform will be located offshore, and salt water is not appropriate for the electrolyser. A literature study was then performed to identify the most appropriate equipment for each stage of the process; it was established that a Reverse Osmosis (RO) system will be used to purify the water, an alkaline electrolyser will be used to generate the Hydrogen, the Hydrogen will then be stored in pressure vessels (at 30bar), thus also requiring compressors, and the recovery of energy will be performed by a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) stack. A study was carried out to establish the models to use for each equipment, and based on the hourly demand for Malta, as well as the hourly winds, a first estimate of the size of each equipment was established. The system model was developed in the HOMER software, which unfortunately did not model the desalination plant. The Hexicon (in the design considered in this study) is not able to provide Malta with 9% of the energy demand; this was mainly due to the low wind conditions. In addition to this, it was understood from the literature study that a hydrogen system backup system, i.e. a buffering system, would not be applicable to the scenario initially proposed in this thesis due to the low renewable energy penetration, and also due to the fact that the Hexicon would be connected to the grid, rendering such a system defunct. A micro-grid scenario was assumed and developed. This scenario tried to assess how low the demand would need to be in order to make a hydrogen project feasible. Different percentages were tried and the only one that met the constraints was one with 1.1% of the Maltese demand. The system would consist of a 3MW Fuel Cell, a 4.5MW electrolyser, and hydrogen storage for 10.5tonnes. The NPC of this system would be approx. 130 Million €, with an initial investment of approx. 71 Million €, LCOE of 0.257€.kWh-1, and a Hydrogen cost of approx. 20€.kg-1. While other economic indicators show viability, for example, a short payback time of 3.5 years based on the revenue from the excess electricity, the cost of hydrogen suggests that it is too expensive.

The doctoral thesis deals with the reactivity of burnt clays in connection with modified lime mortars. The theoretical part of the doctoral thesis provides an overview of the properties of lime mortars, their quality and ways of their degradation. The different types of burnt clays (brick powder, bentonites and burnt clay shale), their origin, properties and factors affecting their reactivity and methods of its evaluation are stated. The properties and reactivity of burnt clays are evaluated on the basis of determination of pozzolanic activity, mineralogical and chemical composition, surface area, density, content of the amorphous phase and granulometry in the experimental part of the doctoral thesis. The compositions of lime mortars containing burnt clays and evaluation of an impact of burnt clay on the properties of mortars in the fresh and hardened state are given. Consistency, bulk density, workability and air content of mortars in the fresh state are evaluated. Strength characteristics depending on the time, water absorbability, porosity, capillary attraction, adhesion, coefficient of diffusion resistance, frost resistance, shrinkage, mineralogical composition and microstructure of mortars in the hardened state are evaluated. Attention is also paid to the influence of the cellulose ether addition into the modified lime mortars.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has been a proselyting organization almost since its founding. The first missionary for the Church was Samuel Harrison Smith, who was sent by his brother Joseph Smith to sell The Book of Mormon in the area of Livonia, New York. Elder Orson Pratt preached the first sermon outside of the United States, and because many of the listeners had relatives in England, the Church was able to introduce its message to the people of Great Britain. Missionary work of the Church has primarily been to the Christian nations, even though during the period covered by this thesis the gospel expanded to the so-called heathen nations. In more recent years, the Church has again extended its labors to the non-christian nations.